scholarly journals New Short RNA Motifs Potentially Relevant in the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Genome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Fuertes ◽  
Carlos Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Rna Motifs ◽  
Biological Impact ◽  
Percent Identity ◽  
Pharmacological Targets ◽  
Nearest Neighbours ◽  
High Level ◽  
Orf 5 ◽  
New Strategies

Abstract As time passes, identifying new pharmacological targets is becoming more difficult. Shortly, it will be necessary to devise new strategies to tackle the problem. The coronavirus disease outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 , represents a threat to human health serving as example from what we just said. The present study was aimed to collect a set of short RNA motifs with potential biological impact, most of which have not been observed heretofore. Categorizing RNA triplets by their gross-composition, the study collected 88 short RNA motifs, shared by most coronavirus genera independent on the percent identity between genomes. Selected motifs contain all nearest-neighbours of the triplets A, T, G and A, C, G. The high percent identity between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus genomes makes it difficult these peptides to be found by current methods. The results provide 50 motifs in the 1a polyprotein-encoding orf, 27 in the 1b polyprotein-encoding orf, 5 in the spike-encoding orf and 6 in the nucleocapsid-encoding orf. They also provide insights about the validity of the procedure, confirming some motifs interspersed or attached to known relevant functional fragments of the genome, although most of them have not yet been associated to any known function. The high level of preservation of these motifs in most coronavirus genera suggest they might have potential to be used for diagnostic, in vaccines, or as substrate for protease inhibitors.

New Strategies Needed as Third Industrial Age Unfolds

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Chim Richard Wong
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
The World ◽  
Technical Proficiency ◽  
High Level ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
Capital Intensive ◽  
New Strategies

Many today believe the world has entered the Third Industrial Age, during which technological improvements in robotics and automation will boost productivity and efficiency, implying significant gains for companies. These advancements have three biases: they tend to be capital-intensive (favoring those with financial resources), skill-intensive (favoring those with a high level of technical proficiency), and labor saving (reducing the total number of unskilled and semi-skilled jobs). The pundits speculate the economic impact on the job market will be significant and will present serious social and political challenges for society in growing inequality and the provision of safety nets to mitigate the consequences of disruptive technological progress. History has shown capitalist markets and business enterprises are incredibly efficient at turning technological advances into profitable businesses and providing incentives to discover new technologies. They succeed because companies that compete successfully with each other to provide benefits for clients are rewarded handsomely.

scholarly journals Preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection by blocking a tissue serine protease

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 204993612093307
Author(s):  
Katherine C. Jankousky ◽  
Jonathan Schultz ◽  
Samuel Windham ◽  
Andrés F. Henao-Martínez ◽  
Carlos Franco-Paredes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Serine Protease ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Pharmacological Targets ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Viral Surface

Currently, there are no proven pharmacologic interventions to reduce the clinical impact and prevent complications of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the cause of the ongoing Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Selecting specific pharmacological targets for the treatment of viral pathogens has traditionally relied in blockage of specific steps in their replicative lifecycle in human cells. However, an alternative approach is reducing the molecular cleavage of the viral surface spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 to prevent viral entry into epithelial cells.

scholarly journals Systematic Comparison of Two Animal-to-Human Transmitted Human Coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiabao Xu ◽  
Shizhe Zhao ◽  
Tieshan Teng ◽  
Abualgasim Elgaili Abdalla ◽  
Wan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Respiratory Epithelium ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Health Security ◽  
The World ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Tract Infections

After the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in the world in 2003, human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been reported as pathogens that cause severe symptoms in respiratory tract infections. Recently, a new emerged HCoV isolated from the respiratory epithelium of unexplained pneumonia patients in the Wuhan seafood market caused a major disease outbreak and has been named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus causes acute lung symptoms, leading to a condition that has been named as “coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-19). The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and of SARS-CoV caused widespread fear and concern and has threatened global health security. There are some similarities and differences in the epidemiology and clinical features between these two viruses and diseases that are caused by these viruses. The goal of this work is to systematically review and compare between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in the context of their virus incubation, originations, diagnosis and treatment methods, genomic and proteomic sequences, and pathogenic mechanisms.

Overview of Communication and Control Techniques in the Microgrid

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 2382-2388
Author(s):  
Shu Juan Mu ◽  
Ming Huang ◽  
Jing Jing Yang ◽  
Jiang Yu ◽  
Ting Hua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Resources ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Distributed Power Generation ◽  
Power Generation System ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
New Strategies

Microgrid is a distributed power generation system, and is also an effective solution for the connection of grids with high level of distributed energy resources. This paper reviews the microgrid test beds and demonstrated projections in many countries, with emphasis on the communication and control techniques. We arrive at the conclusion that new strategies for communication and control are urgently needed in future power grid.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Customers and Community Pharmacies during the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic: A Survey from Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9582
Author(s):  
Francesca Baratta ◽  
Michele Ciccolella ◽  
Paola Brusa
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Misleading Information ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
The Future ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Community pharmacies are among the most easily accessible health services. Considering the major impact of COVID-19 in social terms, the purpose was to analyse the evolution of the relationship between community pharmacies and customers during the pandemic in 2020 and to understand which strategies should be implemented in the future. The data have been collected from May to December 2020. Pharmacists administered a questionnaire, also available online, to all customers that agreed to participate. The total number of respondents was 502. The results obtained confirm a generally high level of satisfaction with pharmacies among customers and appreciation for the role of community pharmacies. For the future, the priority is to monitor the situation to break down social inequalities. A task that can be entrusted to the branch of the healthcare service ideally suited to this end: local medicine, of which the community pharmacy is an essential element. The post-pandemic pharmacy will need to have the skills to provide accurate and reliable information on issues, including broad topics such as prevention and lifestyle to fight “syndemic” (two or more factors that work together to make a disease worse) and “infodemic” (too much information including false or misleading information during a disease outbreak).

scholarly journals Behavior of scientific production on severe acute respiratory syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezar Cheng ◽  
Thiago Quinellato Louro ◽  
Daniel Aragão Machado ◽  
Roberto Carlos Lyrada Silva ◽  
Andrea Dos Santos Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Scientific Collaboration ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Science Methods ◽  
Elite Group ◽  
Average Production ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Web

Objective: To analyze the dispersion of journals and scientific collaboration on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, available on the Web of Science. Methods: Bibliometric study that analyzed the production of documents available on the Web of Science, from 1989 to 2020. Results: 1623 documents were retrieved, distributed in 538 journals. The average production per year was 55.9. The average production per author was 1.73. The Nursing category contributed 17 (1.04%) documents, with Virology being the largest contribution 324 (19.96%). China led the ranking with 640 publications (39.43%). Conclusion: The data presented demonstrate the high level of interest of the scientific community in the subject. It was possible to identify 82 authors composing an Elite group of Authors, whose productivity was 66.1%. The United States, China and Saudi Arabia are the countries that most formed Collaboration Networks

scholarly journals From Anti-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Immune Response to Cancer Onset via Molecular Mimicry and Cross-Reactivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darja Kanduc
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Proteins ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Immune Response To Cancer ◽  
High Level ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Background and Objectives Whether exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may predispose to the risk of cancer in individuals with no prior cancers is a crucial question that remains unclear. To confirm/refute possible relationships between exposure to the virus and ex novo insurgence of tumors, this study analyzed molecular mimicry and the related cross-reactive potential between SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (gp) antigen and human tumor-suppressor proteins. Materials and Methods Tumor-associated proteins were retrieved from UniProt database and analyzed for pentapeptide sharing with SARS-CoV-2 spike gp by using publicly available databases. Results An impressively high level of molecular mimicry exists between SARS-CoV-2 spike gp and tumor-associated proteins. Numerically, 294 tumor-suppressor proteins share 308 pentapeptides with the viral antigen. Crucially, the shared peptides have a relevant immunologic potential by repeatedly occurring in experimentally validated epitopes. Such immunologic potential is of further relevancy in that most of the shared peptides are also present in infectious pathogens to which, in general, human population has already been exposed, thus indicating the possibility of immunologic imprint phenomena. Conclusion This article described a vast peptide overlap between SARS-CoV-2 spike gp and tumor-suppressor proteins, and supports autoimmune cross-reactivity as a potential mechanism underlying prospective cancer insurgence following exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Clinically, the findings call for close surveillance of tumor sequelae that possibly could result from the current coronavirus pandemic.

“Did you feel the earth shake?” An Online Cancer Community Interprets Results of the CARMENA Trial (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Hall ◽  
Ranak Trivedi ◽  
Roni Zeiger ◽  
Douglas Blayney ◽  
Lidia Schapira
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Biological Impact ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tumor Debulking

BACKGROUND Patients use online communities to give and receive emotional support and health information. Little is known about the response of online patient communities to dissemination of major research results. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize and understand the attitudes of an online kidney cancer community, Smart Patients (https://www.smartpatients.com), before and after the presentation of results of the CARMENA trial (June 3, 2018), a trial examining the role of nephrectomy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS We analyzed de-identified posts from the Smart Patients kidney cancer online community between May 1, 2018 and July 1, 2018 that related to nephrectomy and/or CARMENA. Smart Patients staff administered two polls (May 29 and June 11) to ask members if and why they would recommend nephrectomy as a treatment for metastatic kidney cancer. Narrative content was independently coded by all investigators for thematic analysis. RESULTS Most members were supportive of nephrectomy both prior to (140 members, 77%) and following (131 members, 68%) the CARMENA presentation. The majority (76%) of the 102 individuals who completed both polls did not change their opinion about nephrectomy after presentation of the results. Qualitative analysis identified several recurring themes in support of nephrectomy including the emotional benefit of feeling the primary tumor was ‘gone,’ perceived favorable biological impact of tumor debulking, positive personal experience with surgery, and reduced potential for additional metastases. CONCLUSIONS In an online kidney cancer community, there was brisk activity following high-profile research reflecting a high level of patient engagement and familiarity with the trial. Most members continued to support nephrectomy and reported both biological and psychological benefits to surgery despite the trial results suggesting that forgoing surgery leads to noninferior outcomes. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

scholarly journals The effect of opinion clustering on disease outbreaks

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (29) ◽  
pp. 1505-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Salathé ◽  
Sebastian Bonhoeffer
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
High Income ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
High Level

Many high-income countries currently experience large outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles despite the availability of highly effective vaccines. This phenomenon lacks an explanation in countries where vaccination rates are rising on an already high level. Here, we build on the growing evidence that belief systems, rather than access to vaccines, are the primary barrier to vaccination in high-income countries, and show how a simple opinion formation process can lead to clusters of unvaccinated individuals, leading to a dramatic increase in disease outbreak probability. In particular, the effect of clustering on outbreak probabilities is strongest when the vaccination coverage is close to the level required to provide herd immunity under the assumption of random mixing. Our results based on computer simulations suggest that the current estimates of vaccination coverage necessary to avoid outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases might be too low.

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