scholarly journals Awareness of Sudanese Citizens about the Benefits of Breastfeeding compared to Formula in Khartoum State, Sudan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulmalek Aljafari ◽  
Ibrahim Adel Aziz ◽  
Ahmed Gamal Hezima ◽  
Mustafa Sabir Awad ◽  
Ahmed AlMustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Infant Feeding Behavior ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Background: There are a major differences between breastfeeding and formula feeding. Therefore, it’s essential for expectants and new parents to be aware of such variations, as its important determinants of infant feeding behavior. This study aimed to construct a solid foundation on the awareness and perception regarding breastfeeding verses packed formulas among the locals. Additionally, we wished to identify any possible misconceptions about their benefits.Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study, carried out during the months of July and August 2020 at Khartoum state, Sudan. The target population was all Sudanese citizens of both genders, aged 18 and above, who’ve agreed to participate in this study, respondents who’ve missed any of the aforesaid criteria were excluded. Results: Among our study respondents (n=905), 464 (51.27%) were female and 409 (45.19%) were married. Two hundred and eleven (23.31%) had 1-2 children and 422 (46.63%) held a bachelor’s degree. The mean awareness score was 10.88 (SD: 2.25, range: 0-15), suggesting an overall 72.53% (10.88/15*100) correct rate on this awareness test. Awareness scores significantly differed across genders, age-groups, marital status, education levels, and places of residence (P<0.05). Most of our sample (97.35%) agreed that breastfeeding is the ideal nutrition for infants <6 months old. Five hundred and ninety (65.19%) were aware that breastfeeding reduces the mortality rate of infants, and 712 (78.67%) of the participants answered correctly that breastfeeding decreases the maternal risk of breast and ovarian cancer.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the general awareness on this topic needs further improvement and more attention.

scholarly journals Awareness of Sudanese Citizens about the Benefits of Breastfeeding compared to Formula in Khartoum State, Sudan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulmalek Aljafari ◽  
Ibrahim Adel Aziz ◽  
Ahmed Gamal Hezima ◽  
Mustafa Sabir Awad ◽  
Ahmed AlMustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Infant Feeding Behavior ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract BackgroundThere are a major differences between breastfeeding and formula feeding. Therefore, it’s essential for expectants and new parents to be aware of such variations, as its important determinants of infant feeding behavior. This study aimed to construct a solid foundation on the awareness and perception regarding breastfeeding verses packed formulas among the locals. Additionally, we wished to identify any possible misconceptions about their benefits.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional descriptive study, carried out during the months of July and August 2020 at Khartoum state, Sudan. The target population was all Sudanese citizens of both genders, aged 18 and above, who’ve agreed to participate in this study, respondents who’ve missed any of the aforesaid criteria were excluded. ResultsAmong our study respondents (n=905), 464 (51.27%) were female and 409 (45.19%) were married. Two hundred and eleven (23.31%) had 1-2 children and 422 (46.63%) held a bachelor’s degree. The mean awareness score was 10.88 (SD: 2.25, range: 0-15), suggesting an overall 72.53% (10.88/15*100) correct rate on this awareness test. Awareness scores significantly differed across genders, age-groups, marital status, education levels, and places of residence (P<0.05). Most of our sample (97.35%) agreed that breastfeeding is the ideal nutrition for infants <6 months old. Five hundred and ninety (65.19%) were aware that breastfeeding reduces the mortality rate of infants, and 712 (78.67%) of the participants answered correctly that breastfeeding decreases the maternal risk of breast and ovarian cancer.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the general awareness on this topic needs further improvement and more attention.

Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group A ◽  
Key Words Prostate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77

scholarly journals Is it time to administer acellular pertussis vaccine to childbearing age/pregnant women in all areas using whole-cell pertussis vaccination schedule?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 251513552110158
Author(s):  
Abdoulreza Esteghamati ◽  
Shirin Sayyahfar ◽  
Yousef Alimohamadi ◽  
Sarvenaz Salahi ◽  
Mahmood Faramarzi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Childbearing Age Women ◽  
The Mean

Background: Whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine administration is still advocated for children under 7 years of age in Iran. However, there is no recommendation for the administration of a dose of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine to childbearing age/pregnant women in the Iranian vaccination program and it has increased the risk of infection through waning immunity during women’s childbearing age life. The study aimed to assess the levels of anti- Bordetella pertussis antibodies in childbearing age women of different ages in Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total number of 360 childbearing age women divided into six age groups, with 5-year intervals from 15 to 45 years old, in 2018–2019. Then, the levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against B. pertussis were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 16.0) (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.01 ± 8.35 years (range 14–45 years). All the cases were IgM negative, but two IgA-positive individuals (in the age groups of 14–19 and 30–34 years) were reported. Overall, 239 (66.4%) cases were IgG positive. The mean age of IgG-positive cases was 30.37 ± 8.37 years. The IgG-positive cases were mostly in the age groups of 30–34 and 35–39 years [43 (71.1%)]. The odds of IgG positivity were 1.97. The highest odds of IgG positivity were seen in 30–34 and 35–39 years groups (2.52) and the lowest odds were seen in the 20–24 and 25–29 years groups (1.60). Using the Jonckheere–Terpstra test, the increasing trend of IgG changes in different age groups was not statistically significant (Tπ=5.78, p = 0.09). Conclusion: The infants of women of childbearing age might be prone to pertussis in countries using the wP vaccination schedule. It is suggested to administer a dose of Tdap to women before or during pregnancy to increase the immunity of their infants against this disease during early infancy.

scholarly journals Determinants of alcohol consumption and marijuana use among young adults in the Republic of Palau

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuki Sata ◽  
Renzhe Cui ◽  
Chifa Chiang ◽  
Singeru Travis Singeo ◽  
Berry Moon Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Palau

Abstract Background This study aimed to describe the status of alcohol consumption and drug use among young adults as well as their determinants. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 356 young adults (aged 18 to 24 years) living in Palau in 2013. The prevalence of self-reported alcohol and marijuana usage were compared within and between sexes, age groups, ethnicities, and education levels. Results The proportion of current drinking was higher in people aged 21–24 than in those aged 18–20 (73.2% vs. 60.9%, p = 0.09 in men and 48.3% vs. 30.0%, p = 0.02 in women), while that of marijuana use did not differ between the age groups. The proportions of current drinking and marijuana use were higher in Palauan than in other ethnicities (current drinking: 70.6% vs. 40.6%, p = 0.005 in men and 38.8% vs. 16.6%, p = 0.04 in women; lifetime marijuana use: 80.0% vs. 52.9%, p = 0.02 in men and 56.1% vs. 30.6%, p = 0.09 in women). The proportion of frequent (3 times or more) marijuana users was higher for the lower educated than for the higher educated (62.5% vs. 32.1%, p < 0.001 in men and 33.9% vs. 24.4%, p = 0.12 in women). Conclusions Sex, age, ethnicity, and education were significant determinants of alcohol and marijuana use.

scholarly journals Histomorphometric Study of the Glomeruli of the Kidney in Bangladeshi Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Fatema Johora ◽  
Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
Sunjida Shahriah ◽  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Left Kidney ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Histomorphometric Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 10 ◽  
Bangladeshi Population ◽  
The Right

Background: Controversies still prevail on glomerular changes of kidney whether due to normal aging or its association with diseases Objective: The aim of the present study was to see the variation in number and size of the glomeruli of kidney with increasing age in a Bangladeshi population based on autopsy. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2008 to June 2009, based on collection of 140 post mortem human kidneys collected from 70 unclaimed dead bodies from the morgue. All the samples were divided into three age-groups: 10-19 years, 20-39 years and 40-59 years. Histological slides were prepared by using routine Harris’ Haematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) stain. The number of glomeruli was measured by point counting technique, while the size (diameter) was measured by using ocular and stage micrometer. Results: The mean ± SE number of glomeruli per sq. mm found in the right and left kidney were 8.45±0.52 and 8.67±0.80 in group 10-19 years, 9.90±0.42 and 9.92±0.47 in 20-39 years, and 8.52±0.18 and 8.55±0.16 in 40-59 years respectively. Besides, the size (mean ± SE diameter) of glomeruli was found in the right and left kidney were 43.96±3.01ìm and 143.92±2.90ìm in group 10-19 years, 153.69±5.18ìm and 153.61±5.24ìm in 20-39 years, and 140.48±0.95ìm and 140.78±0.88ìm in 40-59 years respectively. Conclusion: No difference was found in number and size of glomeruli between right and left kidney in any group. Similarly, no difference was also evident among different age groups. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v9i1.22788 Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2014, June; 9(1): 11-16

scholarly journals Sickness and Treatment: A Situation Analysis among the Garments Workers

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Atiqur Rahman ◽  
Md Mahfuzar Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Scientific Treatment

This was a descriptive type of cross sectional study among 522 garments workers as  respondents. It was aimed to identify morbidity pattern, duration of illness among garments  workers and also to determine treatment seeking behavior during illness. The socio-demographic  characteristics of the respondents were the points of investigations.  It was revealed from the findings that the mean age of the respondents were 23.1years. They  were mostly female (80%) and married (60%). About 60% respondents were found primarily  educated and no one found illiterate. 90% respondents were found from nucleated family. The  study shows 79% respondents were suffering from illness during the last 02 months and majority  suffers (18.6%) and (43.6%) were found among 26-30 years age groups and 21-25 years age  groups respectively. However, female sufferers were more (33.6%) than male (10%) in the 21-  25 years age groups. Moreover about 42% respondents were suffering for 1-2 weeks and 28.8  are suffering for less than 02 weeks. On the otherhands, Loose motion, Cough, and  Breathlessness were found prominent sign/symptoms among 38%, 29%, 28% sufferers  respectively. Diarrhoea, Common cold and Respiratory Tract Infections were found as  predominant diagnosis among 40.5%, 22.5% & 15.1% respondents respectively. Nevertheless  majority 56% were seeking treatment from LMAF doctors. Conclusion: The study findings  highlight awareness program among factory owners and garments workers towards preventing  infectious and chronic diseases as well as to undertake modern scientific treatment. Improved  health care facilities in the garments factory may be considered for early detection and treatment  of cases to avoid complications. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v4i1.13678 AKMMC J 2013: 4(1): 10-14

Extension of Future Time Perspective in Motivational Goals of Different Age Groups

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willy Lens ◽  
Antoine Gailly
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Future Time Perspective ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Future Extension ◽  
The Mean

Age related differences in extension of future time perspective in motivational goals are studied at three socio-economic levels in a representative sample of the French speaking adult population in Belgium. The hypothesis of an inverted U-shaped relationship between age and extension of future time perspective is tested statistically. It cannot be maintained when using two indices of future extension that are borrowed from earlier studies in this field: (a) the proportion of number of references to the near future to the number of references to the distant future, and (b) the mean future extension score in number of years. The proportion of the mean future extension score to the statistically calculated expected life time is proposed as a new and better index of future extension for comparing different age groups. With this new index the hypothesis is confirmed at the three socioeconomic levels. The limits of the cross-sectional method that is used and the relative value of the new index of extension of future time perspective are discussed.

scholarly journals A Normative Database of A-Scan Data Using the Heidelberg Spectralis Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Machine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joos Meyer ◽  
Roshan Karri ◽  
Helen Danesh-Meyer ◽  
Kate Drummond ◽  
Andrew Symons
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normative Database ◽  
The Mean

AbstractPurposeDevelop the first normative database of macular and circumpapillary scans with reference values at the level of the A-scan using the Heidelberg Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) machine.MethodsThis study is a retrospective cross sectional analysis of macular and circumpapillary OCT scans of healthy individuals. All participants had a full ophthalmic examination, including best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, biomicroscopy, posterior segment examination and OCT scan. The volume and thickness of each of the nine Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy zones at the macula were analysed for the total retinal thickness, retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL). The thickness of the circumpapillary RNFL was analysed at the disc. De-identified A-scans were extracted from the OCT machine as separate tab-separated text file and made available according to the data sharing statement.ResultsTwo-hundred eyes from 144 participants were included of which 98 (49%) were female. The mean age (SD) was 48.52 (17.52). Participants were evenly distributed across four age groups and represented nine broad ethnic groups in proportions comparable to the local distribution. All the macular scans were 20° x 20° (5.9 mm x 5.9 mm), with a total scan density between 12,800 and 49,152 A-scans. The peripapillary scans were all 12° (3.5 mm), at a scan density of 768 A-scans. The mean retinal, GCL and IPL volumes were significantly greater in males than females. Age and total retinal volume (r = –0.2561), GCL volume (– 0.2911) and IPL volume (–0.3194) were negatively correlated. No significant correlation was found between the RNFL and age.ConclusionThis study provides a normative database of macular and circumpapillary scans with reference values at the level of the A-scan using the Heidelberg Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) machine.

scholarly journals A study on obstetric care in a primary health center of South Assam district, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3629
Author(s):  
Ajit Kumar Dey ◽  
Debojit Chutia
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Emergency Obstetric Care ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Safe Motherhood ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
The Mean

Background: Maternal and child health are critically important in a country that is experiencing high infant mortality and maternal mortality. Research all over the world has suggested that one of the major solutions to this problem is availability of Emergency Obstetric Care services within the reach of people. Objectives of the study were to examine profile of mothers who have delivered in health facility during a year and the interplay of various factors in child birth and newborn outcome.Methods: Retrospective cross sectional study conducted by collecting information in predesigned format from medical records. Appropriate statistical methods and test of significance performed for qualitative and quantitative variables.Results: Out of 539 women, the majority of 42.9% were in the age group 20-25 years, the mean age (SD) of mother was 24.1 years (±4.09). Out of total 539 vaginal deliveries, 56.6% cases episiotomy was performed. 41.6% deliveries occurred from 8 AM to 4 PM. The mean birth weight was 2.830 kg SD 0.439 and low birth prevalence 16.0%. Parity with time to delivery after admission in different age groups revealed significant association (X2=66.456, p=0.000). Women aged less than 20 years are 12 times more at risk of episiotomy performed. The multivariate logistic regression analysis shows 60.67% specificity and 85.59% sensitivity in predicting episiotomy.Conclusions: From study it is evident that women report to hospital late in labor hence there is urgent need to provide quality antenatal care services at village and PHC level and augment awareness among the community for promotion of safe motherhood.

scholarly journals Daily sitting time and physical performance in oldest adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Lucélia Justino Borges ◽  
Renata Da Conceição ◽  
Vandrize Meneghini ◽  
Tiago Rosa de Souza ◽  
Aline Rodrigues Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to verify the physical performance (PP) and daily sitting time in the oldest population in a rural community dwelling in southern Brazil. In addition, to analyze the association between physical performance tests (PPT) and daily sitting time (ST). This was a cross-sectional, population-based household study. All residents aged 80 years and older were examined in 2010. PPT included standing balance (four measures of static balance), five times “sit-to-stand” test and “pick up a pen” test (assessed by time). Daily ST was estimated by questionnaire. Women of the younger age groups displayed better results in the PPT compared to older women. The men had good results in the tests, independent from their age group (except for 95-100 years of age). For women, the mean time in the “sit to stand” test decreased with the advancing age, whereas for men, we observed the opposite. Men and women displayed similar means in the “pick up a pen” test. The mean daily ST increased with the advancement of age. After adjustment for sex, age, and number of morbidities, the daily ST was ~52 minutes lower for those with better balance (β -52.6; p = 0.001). For those with better performance in the “sit to stand” test, the time was ~35 minutes lower (β -35.8; p = 0.001). Men and women differ in the rate of decline in PPT. The results suggest that longer sitting time is a limiting factor of good performance in tests for the oldest of the population.

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