scholarly journals The Evolution of the Role of Women in the Family and the Public Sphere (The Case of Domestic Women’s Periodicals of the Late 19th ‒ Early 20th Century )

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
Avtaeva Natalia O. ◽  
◽  
Beynenson Vasilisa A. ◽  
Boldina Ksenia A. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Women's Magazines ◽  
Family Model ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Post War ◽  
Women's Periodicals ◽  
Historical Periods

The purpose of the article is to consider the process of transformation of the image of a woman and the dominant family model in the main historical periods in the national female periodicals from the end of the 18th century to the present days. The authors note that the image of a woman in the gender media is changing due to the changes in the global and local agenda, in particular, due to the changes in the position of a woman in the family, the structure of a family, and decreasing of the number of family members. These transformations can also be explained by the change in the state’s requests for the promotion of a certain image, for example, the image of a patriotic woman during the Second World War and a mother woman in the post-war period. Over the course of many historical periods, rubrics devoted to the arrangement of everyday life, the relationship of the sexes, health and beauty, and motherhood remain the traditional rubrics of women’s publications. During more than two hundred years of publications, the image of a woman in them has gone through stages from primordial patriarchal models through a surge of individualization and independence to a moderate combination of the role of the homemaker and the installation of autonomy from men. The article also outlines the main trends in the development of modern women’s online publications, which, on the one hand, have inherited the theme and structure of traditional women’s magazines, and on the other, have the features of blogs. If certain characteristic images of a woman in the press gain or lose relevance, the changes in the family model in women’s media can be considered irreversible: there is no return to the image of a patriarchal multi-generational family. The study was based on the methods of historical review, thematic analysis and content analysis of publications of women’s magazines of various historical periods. Keywords: women’s periodicals, the history of women’s periodicals, the image of a woman in the media, media images, gender identity, family model, women’s online media

GENRE OF AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL NOVEL IN THE OSSETIAN CHILDREN’S LITERATURE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Б. Бритаева
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Xxth Century ◽  
The Family ◽  
Moral Aspect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War

В представленной статье на материале произведений Музафера Дзасохова известного современного осетинского писателя, поэта, публициста, переводчика, рассматриваются художественные особенности лирической прозы, а именно, автобиографической повести в осетинской детской литературе. Повесть Весенние звезды (1973) и ее продолжение На берегу Уршдона Барагун (1981) стали началом эпопеи о жизни отдельно взятой семьи, а на их примере всей страны в тяжелые послевоенные годы. В качестве одной из важнейших констант художественного мира писателя рассматривается образ детства. В ходе анализа особое внимание уделяется преобладанию нравственного аспекта, актуализации проблемы регулятивно-воспитательной функции национального этикета, ценностно-нормативных ориентиров осетинской ментальности. С опорой на биографический и историко-генетический методы, основное внимание в исследовании акцентируется на темах послевоенного детства, роли семьи и общества в формировании нравственных ориентиров, в становлении личности, образе матери, теме памяти, а также на художественном осмыслении этих проблем и тем в автобиографических повестях писателя. Типологически воплощение детской темы в творчестве М. Дзасохова во многом опирается на традицию изображения детства в русской автобиографической прозе XX в. В заключительной части сформулированы выводы, отражающие особенности лирической прозы в творчестве М. Дзасохова, обозначено место автобиографических повестей автора в контексте осетинской детской литературы второй половины XX века.Актуальность и научная новизна работы обусловлены недостаточной исследованностью истории и проблем осетинской детской литературы. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при написании истории осетинской детской литературы. The present article examines the artistic features of lyrical prose, namely, autobiographical story in the Ossetian childrens literature in the works of Muzafer Dzasokhov, a well-known modern Ossetian writer, poet, publicist, translator. The story Spring Stars (1973) and its continuation - On the Bank of Ursdon Baragun ... (1981) marked the beginning of an epic about the life of a family, and via their fates the author shows life of the whole country in the difficult post-war years. The theme of childhood is considered as one of the most important constants of the writers artistic world. In the course of the analysis, special attention is paid to the predominance of the moral aspect, the actualization of the problem of the regulatory and educational function of national etiquette, the value and normative guidelines of the Ossetian mentality. The focus of the study is based on biographical and historical-genetic methods and highlights the themes of post-war childhood, the role of the family and society in the formation of moral guidelines, in the formation of personality, the image of the mother, the theme of memory, as well as on the artistic understanding of these problems and topics in autobiographical novels of the writer. Typologically, the embodiment of the childrens theme in the works of M. Dzasokhov is largely based on the tradition of depicting childhood in Russian autobiographical prose of the XXth century. The formulated conclusions in the final part reflect the peculiarities of lyrical prose in the works of M. Dzasokhov, the place of the authors autobiographical stories is indicated in the context of Ossetian childrens literature of the second half of the XXth century. The relevance and scientific novelty of the work are due to insufficient research on the history and problems of Ossetian childrens literature. The results of the study can be used in writing the history of Ossetian childrens literature.

scholarly journals Role of Career Women in Families: (Study of the Existence of Career Women in Families in Balunijuk Village)

Society ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Herdiyanti Herdiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Collective Agreement ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
Career Women ◽  
The Public ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Career Woman

The existence of women over the time in transition or shift from traditional to modern. The role of the woman who used to be adopted only capable of working in the domestic realm, but this time she is able to develop itself in the public sphere. This raises the existence of variants of interest, between the domestic and the public sphere. This study used a qualitative research method with case study approach. The theory used in this research is by using the concept of rational choice of James Coleman. The purpose of this research is to describe the existence of a career woman in the family. These results indicate that the existence of career women in the public sphere in the family recognized for their collective agreement concluded between career women with families. Mainly deal agreed with her husband and children. But the deal does not diminish the responsibility of working women in the domestic sphere. Career woman in the village Balunijuk not neglect its role as a housewife and also as a career woman. Role between domestic and public balanced and collaborate.

scholarly journals The knowing mother: Maternal knowledge and the reinforcement of the feminine consuming subject in magazine advertisements

2019 ◽  
pp. 146954051988999
Author(s):  
Teresa Davis ◽  
Margaret K. Hogg ◽  
David Marshall ◽  
Alan Petersen ◽  
Tanja Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Women's Magazines ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Change ◽  
Active Representation ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Post War ◽  
Visual Depiction ◽  
Domestic Purpose

The caring mother is one of the most recurring images of femininity in post-war advertising. We examine how mothers are depicted as knowing consumers in advertisements in Australian Women’s Weekly and the United Kingdom’s Good Housekeeping magazines between 1950 and 2010. Our data suggest that although visual representations of maternal consumer knowledge change over this period, assumptions about the responsibilities of mothers endure in the family-related advertisements in these women’s magazines. There is a shift over time, however, from a representation of mothers as passive recipients of advice provided by external experts to a more active representation of mothers as experts themselves within both domestic and private spheres. We trace historically how the trope of the knowing mother works as a visual discursive device that helps to reinforce not just patriarchal hegemony, but a particular form of maternal hegemony. The hegemony of motherhood presents a particularly desirable/idealised femininity. However, this visual depiction also serves to gender the very way in which maternal knowledge is to be used. While maternal knowledge is depicted as changing from being merely intuitive or practical to subsuming the technique of knowledge or prescribed expertise; the purposes for which such knowledge is used remain firmly situated within the maternal/feminine realm of nurturing and caring consumption for the family. Despite shifts in discourse that appear to increasingly value mothers’ knowledge—there exists an enduring assumption that mothers should use their knowledge for domestic caring and consumption, ultimately reinforcing a heteronormativity of the use of women’s knowledge that subdues even expert knowledge for a domestic purpose.

Natural mothers: teaching morals and parent-craft in Italy, 1945–60

Modern Italy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Bernini
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
World War ◽  
Natural Childbirth ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

SummaryAt the end of the Second World War, politicians and social observers apprehensively considered the condition of the family and its destiny and role in post-war Italy. As well as informing political discourses and sociological examinations, the family became a privileged terrain for medical and psychological enquiry, with particular attention given to parenthood and the maternal role of women. The article explores the role played by religious and medical authorities in shaping narratives of parental responsibilities during the post-war years. The interplay of biology and morality in medical discourse and Catholic teaching is discussed in the context of debates about motherhood and the management of childbirth. Particular attention is given to discussions about the use of pain relief in labour and the reception by Italian Catholic gynaecologists of the so-called ‘natural childbirth method’, advocated during the post-war period by a number of European and American practitioners.

Producers and Reproducers

2018 ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Florence E. Babb
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gender Division Of Labor ◽  
The Family ◽  
Market Women ◽  
The Public Sphere

Since the florescence of research on women in society, the gender division of labor has been viewed as a key to understanding women’s socioeconomic position. By the mid-1970s, the view held sway that women’s cross-cultural subordination could be explained by their universal or near-universal attachment to the domestic sphere of activity, while men enjoyed the higher prestige of the public sphere. A flurry of studies appeared, documenting the unequal and undervalued role of women in the family and household. By calling attention to the previously “invisible” activities carried out daily by women, analysts undertook to transform the androcentric social sciences. This chapter suggests that while the production/reproduction framework moved us forward to important new lines of inquiry, taking these conceptual categories as unproblematic may result in some confusion. The author considers the case of market women in Andean Peru to illustrate what she views as the strengths of the concepts discussed here, as well as some shortcomings, for an examination of these Latin American women workers.

The Omani-Zanzibari Family

Hawwa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 60-89
Author(s):  
Rogaia Mustafa Abusharaf
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
Economic Dynamics ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Displacement Adaptation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Historical Periods

AbstractThrough a multi-sited ethnological lens, this article highlights the influences of political and economic dynamics on the Omani-Zanzibari family construction. It explores the fluid nature of the Omani-Swahili identity, the role of the family institution in regulating morality and sexuality, and the impacts of political events and forces on the development of multiple family configurations. It further analyzes key societal concepts such as marriage, legitimacy, succession, post-forced-displacement adaptation, and evolutionary identity. Through a qualitative study, the author uses fieldwork in Oman and Zanzibar, a range of primary archival sources, dialogues with prominent Omani-Zanzibari personalities, and published and private personal memoirs reflecting key historical periods in the development of Omani-Zanzibari identities to speak to the themes of the Omani polity that are unique to the Gulf.

scholarly journals Wojna w jednym losie

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 91-111
Author(s):  
Hałyna Bodnar
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Big City ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post War ◽  
The City ◽  
Sudden Collapse

The War in One Fate: Biographical Narratives of Widows of Soviet Servicemen on the Basis of Letters to the Authorities of Lviv in 1944-1945The article analyzes letters written in late 1944 and in 1945 by widows of Soviet servicemen to the authorities of the city of Lviv requesting a permit to move or return to Lviv, the construction of women’s biographical narratives and the image of women in the war. The main topic discussed in post-war correspondence was the war trials and different fates of women sharing the experience of life in Lviv in 1939 -1941. It demonstrates similar strategies of survival and communication with the totalitarian state, and the contradictory image of woman in war time. The personal drama of her husband’s death, the sudden collapse of the social hierarchy, and, in particular, the destruction of “pre-war” housing stock in Lviv and other livelihood opportunities in a big city, prompted woman, in the already partly assumed role of the head of the family, to look for ways to regain their former position. Probably, they wrote special letters, among many other quite similar appeals to the government, in order to attract attention to themselves. The narrative analysis of the letters has made it possible to isolate the images of Lviv in the representations of people of the (post)war period, to disclose the „Soviet language” and the (un)typical gender-related aspects of texts written by women.

scholarly journals Institute of Tatar Heads in Western Siberia in the 17th—19th Centuries: Formation and Evolution

2020 ◽  
pp. 349-361
Author(s):  
Z. A. Tychinskikh
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Normative Basis ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Periods

The question of the management system of servicemen Tatars in Western Siberia during the XVII-XIX centuries is considered. Particular attention is paid to the role of Tatar heads in it as a special institution that existed from the late 16th to the early 19th centuries. The functions and duties of the Tatar heads in different historical periods are considered. Historical figures who held this position during the period under consideration is identified. The activity of Kulmametevs Murzas as heads of servicemen and yasak Tatars is shown. It was revealed that the Tatar heads in the 18th century were an organic element of the traditional management of the aboriginal population, the need for which by the end of the century loses its former importance. It is shown that, in contrast to the European part of Russia, where the position of Tatar heads disappeared already in the 17th century, this institution existed in Siberia until the beginning of the 19th century. The role of the Siberian reform of 1822 as a normative basis for the elimination of the position of Tatar heads is revealed. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the formation, development and completion of the functioning of the institution of Tatar heads is traced in the historical retrospective. The relevance of the study is due to the poor study of the topic.

scholarly journals The Nearest Relative and Nominated Person: A Tale of Parliamentary Shenanigans

2014 ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Tim Spencer-Lane
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
First Century ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
Mental Health Act ◽  
Mental Health Legislation ◽  
Mental Health Patients ◽  
The Family ◽  
Post War ◽  
Health Legislation

<p>The nearest relative (NR) has proved to be a resilient feature of mental health legislation. The powers and the rules for the identification of the NR remain largely unchanged since the role was introduced in the Mental Health Act 1959, with the Mental Health Acts 1983 and 2007 only having made relatively minor modifications. The NR has even survived two attempts to abolish it, in the draft Mental Health Bills of 2002 and 2004.</p><p>Few would doubt that the NR provides an important legal safeguard for the rights of mental health patients. However, the rules for establishing the identity of the NR relative are, by common consent, deeply flawed. The identification rules are rooted in the 1950s and reflect many of the assumptions about the structure and role of the family that were prevalent in the immediate post-war period. As such, they fail to reflect the lives and circumstances of mental health patients in the twenty-first century.</p><p>This paper outlines, briefly, the role of the NR and the changes introduced by the Mental Health Act 2007, and the main criticisms of the rules for identifying the NR. Its main purpose, however, is to set out the reforms to those rules that were nearly achieved by the Mental Health Alliance during the passage of the Mental Health Bill 2006 and to document the ensuing Parliamentary debates. The paper concludes by considering the future of the NR.</p>

scholarly journals Croatian public libraries in time of crisis

IFLA Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dijana Sabolović-Krajina
Keyword(s):  
Public Libraries ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Modern Library ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Post War ◽  
Cultural Entity

Croatian public libraries faced complex processes in society at the turn of the 20th into the 21st century – a time of transition and transformation in Croatia. During this period, Croatia shifted towards democracy and modernization. Its constitution (now seen as a geopolitical and cultural entity), extraordinary conditions of war disaster in the Homeland War 1991–1995, and conditions of the post-war period all presented unique challenges for public libraries in Croatia. In addition, Croatian libraries have also been influenced by characteristics of the information society that occurs trans-nationally and trans-societally (among all globalization processes and permeating all aspects of life with information and communication technology). Croatian libraries had to transform their traditional role of lending books and acting as cultural heritage institutions to follow international modern library trends in the information age as multifunctional information, educational, cultural and communication centres of their local communities. The aim of this article is to give a historical review of public libraries’ accommodation to these turbulent changes in Croatian society, as well as in the world in the last few decades.

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