Adapting and Testing the COAMPS/COBEL Low Cloud Nowcasting System for Winter Conditions

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Zwack
Keyword(s):  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Low Cloud

MEASURE COMPLEX SUPPORTING SAFETY AND EFFECTUVE OPERATION OF MUNICIPAL BUSES UNDER WINTER CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Sergey Bulatov
Keyword(s):  
Residual Life ◽  
Technical State ◽  
Manufacturing Equipment ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
On Line ◽  
State Changes ◽  
The City

The effectiveness of manufacturing equipment use taking into account its productivity and reliability for faulty parts of transmission units in municipal buses is estimated. The on-line mode is the most effective method of control allowing the tracking of the processes of technical state changes in municipal buses. As a result of monitoring there were obtained selected data on PAZ-3205 municipal bus operated under winter conditions in the city of Ohrenburg. During the trip there was recorded 39.1 l/100km petrol consumption. The residual life of the PAZ-3205 municipal bus was 1800km.

Influence of Neutron Meter Access Tubes on Soil Temperature and Water Under Winter Conditions

1964 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Dickey ◽  
Hayden Ferguson ◽  
Paul L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Winter Conditions

Obtaining Secondary Treatment with RBC/Underflow Clarifiers

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 429-442
Author(s):  
I L Bogert
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Lower Zone ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactors ◽  
One Year ◽  
The U.S

A one-year experimental program conducted at Edgewater, New Jersey, U.S.A. evaluated the concept of providing secondary treatment by the installation of rotating biological contactors (RBC's) in modified primary sedimentation tanks. A primary tank was divided horizontally into two zones separated by an intermediate floor. Four RBC's were placed in the upper zone. The lower zone provided secondary sedimentation. High rate primary sedimentation was provided to remove grit and trash without removing substantial portions of BOD and SS. The experimental program funded by the U.S. EPA and the Borough of Edgewater was conducted over a full year at different loads. The system proved to be an effective secondary treatment process with little difference in treatment efficiency between summer and winter conditions.

An ecological study of the branchiobdellid commensals (Annelida-Branchiobdellidae) of some mid-western Ontario crayfish

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 835-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
First Year ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Severe Winter ◽  
Orconectes Propinquus ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Laurel Creek

Orconectes propinquus and Cambarus robustus from the Speed River, Sunfish Lake, and Laurel Creek, harbor two branchiobdellids, Cambarincola chirocephala and Pterodrilus distichus. Both adult and cocoon populations of the dominant species (C. chirocephala) are proportional to the size of the host throughout the year, except that first-year crayfish are free of cocoons. The reduction in total number of commensals from autumn to spring can be attributed to severe winter conditions. A subrostral site of preference for adult branchiobdellid attachment, and a dominant abdomen I and II site for cocoon deposition are indicated for O. propinquus. On C. robustus, adults are most commonly found on the antennal bases and among the maxillipeds, and cocoons on the last live abdominal sternites. No host specificity is evident although an unidentified Cambarus sp. from Sunfish Lake is free of commensals. Host incompatibility may explain this, but data from Laurel Creek indicate that silting of the microhabitat is responsible for loss of branchiobdellid population. The crayfish–branchiobdellid relationship is commensal, or at most facultatively parasitic, as adult worms can live without a host for extended periods. Serological testing of rabbit serum containing branchiobdellid antibodies against crayfish serum is negative. The dependence of the egg stage on the host for some undetermined factor or factors is discussed. An Asellus sp. fails to pick up the commensals even when exposed under ideal conditions for colonization.

scholarly journals Shorter, warmer winters may inhibit production of ephyrae in a population of the moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Loveridge ◽  
Cathy H. Lucas ◽  
Kylie A. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Aurelia Aurita ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Minimum Period ◽  
Moon Jellyfish ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Scyphozoan Jellyfish ◽  
Significant Production ◽  
Planula Larvae

AbstractScyphozoan jellyfish blooms display high interannual variability in terms of timing of appearance and size of the bloom. To understand the causes of this variability, the conditions experienced by the polyps prior to the production of ephyrae in the spring were examined. Polyps reared from planula larvae of Aurelia aurita medusae collected from southern England (50°49′58.8; − 1°05′36.9) were incubated under orthogonal combinations of temperature (4, 7, 10 °C) and duration (2, 4, 6, 8 weeks), representing the range of winter conditions in that region, before experiencing an increase to 13 °C. Timing and success of strobilation were recorded. No significant production of ephyrae was observed in any of the 2- and 4-week incubations, or in any 10 °C incubation. Time to first ephyra release decreased with longer winter incubations, and more ephyrae were produced following longer and colder winter simulations. This experiment indicates that A. aurita requires a minimum period of cooler temperatures to strobilate, and contradicts claims that jellyfish populations will be more prevalent in warming oceans, specifically in the context of warmer winter conditions. Such investigations on population-specific ontogeny highlights the need to examine each life stage separately as well as in the context of its environment.

Observational constraints on low cloud feedback reduce uncertainty of climate sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Myers ◽  
Ryan C. Scott ◽  
Mark D. Zelinka ◽  
Stephen A. Klein ◽  
Joel R. Norris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Sensitivity ◽  
Cloud Feedback ◽  
Observational Constraints ◽  
Low Cloud

scholarly journals The Toba supervolcano eruption caused severe tropical stratospheric ozone depletion

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Osipov ◽  
Georgiy Stenchikov ◽  
Kostas Tsigaridis ◽  
Allegra N. LeGrande ◽  
Susanne E. Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Sulfate Aerosols ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Attenuation Mechanism ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Sulfur Emissions

AbstractSupervolcano eruptions have occurred throughout Earth’s history and have major environmental impacts. These impacts are mostly associated with the attenuation of visible sunlight by stratospheric sulfate aerosols, which causes cooling and deceleration of the water cycle. Supereruptions have been assumed to cause so-called volcanic winters that act as primary evolutionary factors through ecosystem disruption and famine, however, winter conditions alone may not be sufficient to cause such disruption. Here we use Earth system model simulations to show that stratospheric sulfur emissions from the Toba supereruption 74,000 years ago caused severe stratospheric ozone loss through a radiation attenuation mechanism that only moderately depends on the emission magnitude. The Toba plume strongly inhibited oxygen photolysis, suppressing ozone formation in the tropics, where exceptionally depleted ozone conditions persisted for over a year. This effect, when combined with volcanic winter in the extra-tropics, can account for the impacts of supereruptions on ecosystems and humanity.

Mechanisms of Low Cloud–Climate Feedback in Idealized Single-Column Simulations with the Community Atmospheric Model, Version 3 (CAM3)

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 4859-4878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghua Zhang ◽  
Christopher Bretherton
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Cloud Feedback ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Stratus Clouds ◽  
Model Version ◽  
Boundary Layer Turbulence ◽  
Thermodynamic Effect ◽  
Single Column ◽  
Low Cloud

Abstract This study investigates the physical mechanism of low cloud feedback in the Community Atmospheric Model, version 3 (CAM3) through idealized single-column model (SCM) experiments over the subtropical eastern oceans. Negative cloud feedback is simulated from stratus and stratocumulus that is consistent with previous diagnostics of cloud feedbacks in CAM3 and its predecessor versions. The feedback occurs through the interaction of a suite of parameterized processes rather than from any single process. It is caused by the larger amount of in-cloud liquid water in stratus clouds from convective sources, and longer lifetimes of these clouds in a warmer climate through their interaction with boundary layer turbulence. Thermodynamic effects are found to dominate the negative cloud feedback in the model. The dynamic effect of weaker subsidence in a warmer climate also contributes to the negative cloud feedback, but with about one-quarter of the magnitude of the thermodynamic effect, owing to increased low-level convection in a warmer climate.

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