scholarly journals Justification of the forces required for leveling ends of floating packaged rafting units

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-178
Author(s):  
И.А. Песков ◽  
С.В. Посыпанов
Keyword(s):  
Shape Factor ◽  
Granular Media ◽  
Analytical Formula ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
The Media ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Round Timber

При реализации концепции, обеспечивающей экономическую доступность удаленных лесных ресурсов, предусматривается сплотка малогабаритных пакетов круглых лесоматериалов в двухъярусные единицы в пунктах выхода с мелководных участков рек на глубоководные. Указанная сплотка предполагается в специальных устройствах, где предусматривается, в частности, торцевание сплоточных единиц с целью повышения экономических показателей дальнейшей транспортировки и надежности сохранения их целостности. Для обоснования параметров устройства нужна информация о требуемых усилиях для торцевания плавающих пакетов и двухярусных единиц из них. Установлено, что для ее получения нужны дополнительные исследования. Очевидна целесообразность общей методологии для двухъярусных единиц и составляющих их пакетов, с которых и следует начать исследования. С целью получения зависимости для расчета усилия, необходимого для торцевания плавающих пакетов, использовали теоретический метод, базирующийся на эластиковой теории. При этом плавающий пакет рассматривали как гибкую оболочку, заполненную двумя видами сыпучей среды с разным объемным весом. Граница сред проходит по поверхности воды. Линия обвязки, то есть гибкой оболочки представляет собой комбинацию фрагментов двух эластик с разными характеристиками. Используя параметрические уравнения, описывающие форму эластик, и зависимости для определения давлений в сыпучих средах, получили искомую аналитическую зависимость и ее упрощенный вариант для практических расчетов. Результаты расчетов по предложенной формуле превышают результаты, вычисленные по формуле, полученной ранее по другому алгоритму действий без учета давления обвязок, на 70% при коэффициенте формы пакета 1,5, то есть при сильном давлении обвязок и примерно на 10% – при коэффициенте 2,5, то есть слабом их давлении. Это позволяет считать результаты исследования достоверными, применение использованной методики для соответствующего исследования двухъярусным единиц – целесообразным. Установили, что при фиксированной плотности лесоматериалов наиболее существенно влияют на усилие торцевания изменения отношения высоты пакета к среднему диаметру лесоматериалов, его коэффициента формы и объема. Влияние первых двух факторов в аналитической формуле учитывается множителем, величину которого в практических расчетах можно определить по предложенным графикам или аппроксимирующим зависимостям. When implementing the concept that ensures the economic accessibility of remote forest resources, it is envisaged to raft small-sized packages of round timber into bilevel units at the points of exit from shallow-water sections of rivers to deep-water ones. The specified raft is assumed in special devices, which provide the leveling ends of rafting units to increase the economic indicators of further transportation and the reliability of maintaining integrity. To substantiate the parameters of the device, information is needed on the required forces for leveling ends of floating packages and bilevel units of them. It was found that to obtain it requires additional research. The expediency of a common methodology for bilevel units and their constituent packages is obvious, from which research should be started. To obtain the dependence for calculating the force required for leveling ends of the floating packages, a theoretical method based on the elastic theory was used. In this case, the floating package was considered as a flexible shell filled with two types of granular media with different bulk density. The boundary of the media runs along the surface of the water. The strapping line, that is, the flexible casing, is a combination of fragments of two elastics with different characteristics. Using parametric equations describing the shape of elastic and dependences for determining pressures in bulk media, we obtained the required analytical dependence and its simplified version for practical calculations. The calculation results according to the proposed formula exceed the results calculated according to the formula obtained earlier using another algorithm of actions without considering the pressure of the straps by 70% with a package shape factor of 1.5, that is, with a strong pressure of the straps and by about 10% – with a coefficient of 2.5, that is, their weak pressure. This allows us to consider the results of the study reliable, the use of the methodology used for the corresponding study of bilevel units is expedient. It was found that at a fixed density of timber, the most significant effect on the force of leveling ends is changes in the ratio of the height of the package to the average diameter of timber, its shape factor and volume. The influence of the first two factors in the analytical formula is considered by a factor, the value of which in practical calculations can be determined from the proposed graphs or approximating dependences.

PENGGUNAAN MEDIA TANAM DAN PUPUK NPK TERHADAP HASIL RUMPUT TEKI (Cyperus rotundus) SERTA ANALISA KANDUNGAN KERIPIK OLAHANNYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiwik Endah Rahayu ◽  
Atika Romalasari
Keyword(s):  
Research Result ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Media ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Weight Number

Nut grass is Cyperaceae group and underestimated its existence. Nut grass has many benefits so  potential to be developed. This study aims to determine the effect of planting media and the addition of NPK fertilizer to the growth of the nut grass and find out the nutrient content of chips made from nut grass tuber. The design of this study was factorial complete randomized design (RAL) which consisted of two factors. First factor is Planting Media, consist of M1 = soil, M2 = Soil: Sand (2: 1), M3 = Soil: Compost Fertilizer (2: 1) and M4 = Soil: Cage Fertilizer (2: 1) and second factor is fertilizer dosage NPK 15: 15: 15 with the level P1 = Without NPK fertilizer, P2 = 5 g NPK fertilizer, P3 = 10 g NPK fertilizer. Research result showed that the media significantly affected the number of clumps, root weight, clump weight, overall weight and number of flowers but did not significantly affect the height, number of tubers and tuber weight. Fertilizer significantly affected the number of clumps, root weight, clump weight, overall weight, number of flowers, number of tubers and tuber weight but did not significantly affect the height at P≤0.05 level. Interaction between planting media and NPK fertilizer did not significantly affect all parameters. Keywords: Chips, NPK Fertilizer, Nut Grass, Planting Media

SEISMIC WAVE PROPAGATION IN POROUS GRANULAR MEDIA

Geophysics ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman R. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Granular Media ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Seismic Wave Propagation ◽  
Beach Sand ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
Size Sorting ◽  
The Media ◽  
A Charge

Theoretical and experimental studies have been made of the manner in which sound waves are propagated in porous granular aggregates. A cylindrical piezo‐electric source is used and this simulates the explosion of a charge in a seismic shot‐hole. It is found that in general two waves of volume expansion are propagated and that these involve coupled displacements of both constituents of the media. The waves are termed frame‐waves, air‐waves or liquid‐waves depending upon the nature of the pore‐filler and the relative displacements of the constituents. The frame‐wave velocity is dependent upon the strength of the frame, the densities of solid and pore‐filling materials and the texture of the medium. Air‐ and liquid‐wave velocities are related to the texture of the medium and to the density and viscosity of the pore‐filler. Frame‐strength is important to a lesser degree. Waves are dispersive only in the case of media of very low permeability. Attenuation is related to viscosity, texture and frequency. Scattering is probably important only at the highest frequencies and largest particle diameters used in the experiments. It is shown that porosity and permeability of a beach sand can be inferred from velocity measurements. These properties provide information regarding grain‐size, sorting and the nature of the pore‐filler.

scholarly journals Graffiti as a sign: the semiotic approach to the study of the phenomenon

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Maria Chikarkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Street Art ◽  
The Media ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Characteristics

Although graffiti is a well-known phenomenon of street art, there is still no single point of view on this phenomenon (even if it is considered art at all). Both the essence and the manifestations of graffiti remain a matter of debate - there are dozens of different classifications, that they are based on different characteristics. However, the phenomenon has rarely attracted attention from the point of view of semiotics, though it is the semiotic reading of graffiti that makes it possible to understand its nature more deeply. Due to semiotics we could create an integrative classification, which would combine stylistics and subject matter into one system. The article made exactly such an attempt –providing of the semiotic classification of graffiti, based on Ch. Peirce’s classification of semiotic signs. Graffiti is a sign, because it has a material shell of the latter, a marked object and rules of interpretation. It functions within the subculture and signifies the individual's desire to escape from the deterministic nature of urban life (J. Baudrillard). It is a culture of the semiosphere, which continuously gives rise to new connotations and, accordingly, generates new receptions. An important component of graffiti interpretation is the cultural code; it is not read outside the field of conventionality, cultural context. Decoding of graffiti can occur in three ways. From our point of view, it is appropriate to use S. Hall’sclassification. He suggested a scheme for "decrypting" messages in the media, however, in our opinion, his scheme works for any communicative act (including graffiti). He distinguished dominant ("dominant-hegemonic"), oppositional ("oppositional") and negotiated ("negotiated") decoding. In the graffiti situation, oppositional decoding prevails among ordinary recipients (passers-by). U. Eco called this type aberrant, because it provides "decryption" of text with a different code than the one it was created for. Authors of graffiti themselves are often not fully aware of what they createalso. Modern writers use techniques of op-art, Dadaism, surrealism, etc., without being very oriented in all these directions. When graffiti combines different types of art (for example, the combination of painting with literature), it takes into account the features of inter-semiotic translation, which makes the decoding situation even more complicated. We offercreating a semioticclassificationofgraffiti, that might be based on Ch. Peirce’s classification of semiotic signs, whichdistinguishthesigns-copies, signs-indexes, signs-symbols. It could help the essence of graffiti and decode them.

scholarly journals Response of Apple Trees (cv. Ibrahimi) to the Time of Foliar Application with Zinc and Boron

2021 ◽  
Vol 904 (1) ◽  
pp. 012048
Author(s):  
A N Hadi ◽  
S A A Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Flower Traits ◽  
The Media ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering

Abstract The study was conducted in one of the private orchards in the Saqlawiya area - Fallujah during the 2020 growing season. The foliar spray was used to study the effect of the timing of foliar spraying (three sprays, the first at the beginning of flowering, second at the stage of full flowers blooming, and the third at the stage of petal fall), Presented with symbols (D1, D2 and D3), respectively. The second factor consisted of spraying with boron and zinc with the following concentrations (0,1, and 3 gm. L-1), mentioned as (S0, S1, S2, S3), respectively. these elements were used singly or in the form of a mixture with the same concentrations. This study aims to study the effect of the two factors on the growth and setting of apple trees, cv. Ibrahimi. Therefore, (36) five-year-old apple trees with homogeneous vegetative growth were selected as much as possible. The results revealed that foliar application with boron and zinc for the Ibrahimi apple trees improved the quality of the fruits and their vegetative and flowering traits. The results revealed that spraying with micronutrients at the stage of petal fall had a significant effect on flower traits and yield especially the media culture (M3) which presented the best results for the traits. The results revealed that spraying with micronutrients at the stage of petal fall had a significant effect on flower traits and yield especially the time (D3) which presented the best results for the traits (leaf area, Rate of increase in the length of the branches, Rate of increase in branch diameters, Fruits set Percentage, Percentage of fallen fruits and Percentage of remaining fruits, which reached (24.25cm2, 56.77cm, 0.42cm, 26.65%, 45.25%, 54.75%), respectively. On the other hand, spraying with micronutrients achieved significant effect, especially (S3), that gave the highest values for the traits (Rate of increase in branch diameters, Fruits set Percentage, Percentage of fallen fruits and Percentage of remaining fruits), which were (37.50 cm, 0.42%, 26.65%, and 46.71 gm L-1).

Abstract 102: Granular Media Calcinosis in the Aortic Wall of Patients With Bicuspid and Tricuspid Aortic Valves

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy von Salisch ◽  
Josephina Haunschild ◽  
Martin Misfeld ◽  
Michael A Borger ◽  
Stefan Dhein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Bicuspid Aortic Valve ◽  
Granular Media ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Aortic Disease ◽  
Dissecting Aneurysm ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Media ◽  
Aneurysm Dissection

Background: Bicuspid aortic valve is the most frequent congenital cardiac abnormality and associated with proximal aortic disease (i.e. aneurysm, dissection or rupture). Granular media calcinosis(GMC)--suggested to increase stiffness and play a pathogenetic role in dissecting aneurysm--has not yet been quantified in BAV. Methods: Specimen of the proximal aortic wall from 76 patients--32 with tricuspid (TAV) and 44 with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV)--were obtained during surgery to quantify media thickness and GMC by von Kossa staining (panel C), comparing the convexity (Cvx) and concavity (Ccv) in BAV vs. TAV. Results: Interlamellar GMC affected the most central layers of the media and those adjacent to the outer adventitia with a doubling within both--the Cvx and Ccv--of pts with BAV compared to patients with TAV (13.3±9.6 vs. 6.6±7.4 and 12.8±10.8 vs. 6.4±7.1; p<0.05, panel A) was seen, but neither a difference in calcification between the Ccx and the Ccv side within the BAV nor the TAV group. No association between age and calcification grade , neither in the Cvx nor the Ccv (r=0.132, p=0.218 and 0.103, p=0.341) was seen. There was a significant difference in the total media thickness between BAV and TAV at the Cvx (867±162μm vs . 993±158μm; p<0.05) and the Ccv (1005 ± 236 vs 1223 ± 217μm; p<0.05, panel B). Independent of aortic valve morphology, the Cvx was thinner than the Ccv side (TAV: 993 ± 158 vs.1223 ± 217μm; p<0.001; BAV: 869 ± 162 vs.1005 ± 236μm; p<0.05, panel B). Conclusion: BAVs had significantly thinner media and twice as much GMC than their tricuspid peers possibly associated with the loosening of the bond between the elastic lamellae causing a decrease in elasticity possibly explaining a higher risk for dissection and rupture.

Loading Rate Effect on the Domain Switching of Ferroelectric Materials

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Achuthan ◽  
Chin-Teh Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Domain Switching ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Ferroelectric Materials ◽  
Switching Behavior ◽  
Switching Mechanism ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Butterfly Behavior

A method to characterize the strain electric field butterfly behavior based on the underlying domain switching mechanism is presented at first. The effect of loading rate on the different characteristics of the strain electric-field-butterfly behavior is then studied. By comparing the changes in these characteristics under different loading rates, it is established that the loading rate dependence of the strain electric field butterfly behavior is mainly due to two factors, 1) the dependence of the switching of individual domains on the magnitude and duration of the loading time and 2) the variation of the transition electric field with the loading rate. Several interesting attributes of the domain switching behavior that may shed light on understanding the underlying mechanism of domain switching further is illustrated in the present study. The present study also demonstrates that the method of characterizing the strain electric butterfly based on the underlying domain switching mechanism is very effective in studying ferroelectric behavior under different loading conditions.

Effect of Different Shot Peening Treatments on Fatigue Life in Ti Alloy

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 ◽  
pp. 908-913
Author(s):  
Yasunori Harada ◽  
Yuto Saeki ◽  
Katsuhiko Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Shot Peening ◽  
Work Hardening ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Ultrasonic Shot Peening ◽  
The Media

The effects of peening conditions on the surface characteristics and fatigue life of titanium alloy was investigated using microshot peening, ultrasonic shot peening, and multiple shot peening. The use of microshot peening technology with minute media has become more widespread in consideration of the reduction of the notch effect in the material surface. The ultrasonic shot peening that uses media of several millimeters in size with ultrasonic vibration has attracted attention as a means to reduce the surface roughness. In the present study, an air-type and an ultrasonic type machine were used. In the microshot peening process, the media used was high-carbon cast steel and the hard powder, with an average diameter of 0.1 mm. The workpiece was commercial titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. In the microshot peening (MSP), work hardening was evident to the depth of approximately 0.3 mm from the surface. This depth was approximately three times the diameter of the media. However, the influence of the peening time on the hardness distribution was not great. In the ultrasonic shot peening (USP), work hardening was deeper in the material. This is because the diameter of the media used for ultrasonic machining was large. On the other hand, in the combined shot peening (CSP), a degree of hardness was higher at the top surface. However, the hardness patterns and values were pretty much identical to ultrasonic shot peening. The fatigue limit was thought to be greater in the microshot peening experiment because the work-hardened layer was formed near the workpiece surface.

scholarly journals Effects of seed tuber size on the yield and quality of seven accessions of potato

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-205
Author(s):  
Md. Murad Hossan Chowdhury ◽  
Md. Amirul Islam ◽  
Md. Atikuzzamman ◽  
Maria Akter Sathi ◽  
Sharmin Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Minimum Number

A field experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from November 2011 to February 2012 to study the effect of seed tuber size on the yield and quality of seven accessions of potato. The experiment was laid out in the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. This piece of research consisted of two factors namely, size of seed tubers i.e. three different size of seed tuber i.e. small (10-20 g), medium (21-30 g) and large (31-40 g) and seven accessions of potato i.e. AC10064, AC10076, AC10097, AC10109, AC10123, AC10190 and one check variety Cardinal. The size of individual plot was 1.8 m × 1.2 m. Two adjacent unit plots and blocks were separated by 0.5 m and 0.5 m. A spacing of 60 cm × 30 cm was also used in terms of planting. Data on different yield contributing characters and yield were recorded. The tallest plants were produced by the large size of seed tuber accession AC10109 (120.25 cm) which also took minimum time (6.10 days) to germinate and possessed maximum stem diameter (0.95 cm) while small seed tuber of Cardinal required maximum days (10.23 days) along with shortest height (60.22 cm) as well as stem diameter (0.65 cm). The large size seed tuber of accession AC10109 gave maximum number of main stems/hill (6.4) and small size of seed tuber variety Cardinal gave minimum number of main stems/hill (2.96). The large size of seed tuber accession AC10109 produced maximum number of compound leaves/hill (64.80) and the small size of seed tuber Cardinal produced minimum number of compound leaves/hill (35.74). In terms of yield character large size of seed tuber of AC10109 accession exhibited highest results in tuber number 9.60 with the average diameter of tubers (5.86 cm) and yield was 10.42 t/ha. The accessions differed significantly with respect to all the plant characters studied. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(2): 200–205, June 2019

scholarly journals Technological effect of processing with the organic granular media flows

2018 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 01026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yevgeniy Y. Krupenya ◽  
Marina A. Boyko ◽  
Antonina P. Shishkina
Keyword(s):  
Granular Media ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Organic Media ◽  
Metal Scrap ◽  
Energy Impact ◽  
Threshold Amplitude ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Flows ◽  
Working Tank ◽  
Effect Of Surface

There has been carried out the analysis of approaches how to model vibrational processing by granulated media. The vibroprocessing model has been developed, that provides effective parts’ surfaces finishing work with granules of stone organic media initially based on the approach of energy impact of the granule flow on the processed surface. Specific volumetric metal scrap has been used as the main characteristic of processing with organic media its physical aim is increase rate of thickness of the material removed from the surface in the frames of definite velocity and pressure of the media. It is shown that metal scrap depends on media flow velocity, granular media height of the loading column, conditions that form stationary circulation motion of the media. Taking into account the analysis of experimental studies results of amplitude-frequency characteristics influence on the metal scrap during of abrasive granules vibroprocessing, there has been disclosed some certain dependence of the specific volume metal scrap while organic media processing, considering threshold amplitude and frequency of oscillations of the working tank that made it possible to observe the effect of surface treatment is. The established dependence describing the effective vibroprocessing conditions with stone organic media that was achieved due to experimental data which allows to assume validity of the obtained model.

scholarly journals Study on the Coupling Frequency of Double-Sided Submerged Ring-Stiffened Cylindrical Shells

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anbin Yu ◽  
Yinglong Zhao ◽  
Youqian Wang ◽  
Ben Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Shell ◽  
Free Surface ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Acoustic Vibration ◽  
Stiffened Cylindrical Shell ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Coupling Frequency

Based on the Flügge theory and orthotropic theory, the acoustic vibration coupling model of ring-stiffened cylindrical shell is established by using the wave propagation method and virtual source method. And the effects of water immersion on both sides, free surface, and hydrostatic pressure on the cylindrical shell are considered in the coupling model. Muller three-point iterative method is used to solve the coupling frequency. The calculation results of degradation theory are compared with COMSOL’s calculation results and experimental results, respectively, which verifies the reliability of the theoretical method. Finally, the influence of fluid load, ring rib parameters, boundary conditions, hydrostatic pressure, and free surface on the coupled vibration of ring-stiffened cylindrical shell is analyzed by an example.

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