Row Spacing and Seeding Rate Effect on Growth Parameters of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.).

Five flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars, Dufferin, McGregor, Linott, NorLin and NorMan were grown in the field in 1985, 1986 and 1987 at seeding rates of 200, 400, 600 and 800 seeds m−2. Averaged over all cultivars and years, as seeding rate increased from 200 to 800 seeds m−2, maturity was hastened 2.1 d, seed weight decreased 0.16 g 1000−1 seeds, oil content decreased 0.6%, iodine number decreased 1.3 units and volume weight was not markedly changed. Lodging increased and basal branching decreased from 1.68 to 0.18 branches per plant as seeding rate increased. Plant height increased 0.6 cm from the 200 to the 400 seeds m−2 rate then decreased 1.8 cm from the 400 to the 800 seeds m−2 rate. Seed yield increased from 110 to 124 g m−2 as seeding rate increased from 200 to 600 seeds m−2, then decreased to 121 g m−2 at 800 seeds m−2. Although yields of the five cultivars varied somewhat in their response to seeding rate and year, most yielded near optimum at the 600 seeds m−2 seeding rate.Key words: Flax, Linum usitatissimum L., seeding rate, lodging

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Variable accumulation of cadmium in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica ◽

10.36547/nbc.v19i1.579 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 70-79

Author(s):

Mária Pavlovičová ◽

Zuzana Gerši ◽

Monika Bardáčová ◽

Petra Ranušová ◽

Miroslav Horník ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linum Usitatissimum ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Early Stage ◽

Leaf Protein ◽

Growth Media ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Potential Health ◽

Linum Usitatissimum L ◽

Total Enzyme

Given the potential use of flax in metal-contaminated soil remediation programs, the uptake and accumulation of cadmium was studied in five varieties of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) including var. Belinka, Escalina, Jitka, Marina and Krasnoder. Early stage plants in hydroponics were exposed to Cd to assess their tolerance by means of growth parameters and content of photosynthetic pigments. All varieties exerted tolerance indexes in the range of 63 – 89 %, while oxidative stress was not detected in either variety. Chitinase enzymes were analyzed in leaf protein extracts since activities of these enzymes have previously been correlated with plant tolerance to Cd. However, total enzyme activities remained unchanged in presence of Cd in all flax varieties. A more detailed analysis of these enzymes identified up to 3 chitinase isoforms upon separation of leaf protein extracts in polyacrylamide gels, and their quantification confirmed responsiveness to Cd for each of them. The obtained data were interpreted in light of metal uptake rate, which we measured using gammaspectrometry in growth media spiked with 109Cd and in the plant tissue. The variety Jitka showed the most sensitive to Cd and accumulating fast and the highest amounts of metal. In contrast, the variety Belinka appeared most tolerant, accumulating the least Cd in a slow rate. Activation of chitinase isoforms correlated with more sensitive varieties and suggests activation of general defense mechanisms. The obtained data suggest the variety Jitka as most promising for phytoremediation programs and the var. Belinka as the most suitable when avoidance of potential health risk is of interest.

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The effects of nitrogen, row spacing and seeding rate on the yield of flax under a zero-till production system

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps93-056 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 375-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

G. P. Lafond

Keyword(s):

Production System ◽

Crop Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Continuous Cropping ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

Linum Usitatissimum L ◽

Design Cost

The long-term sustainability of agriculture requires that soil degradation be addressed and that crop production systems that incorporate the benefits of surface residues and standing stubble through conservation tillage practices be evaluated critically. The objective was to study the effects of nitrogen, row spacing and seeding rate on the yield of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) under zero-till production practices. Three row spacings, six seeding rates and two rates of nitrogen were investigated. The plots were directly seeded into barley stubble under a continuous cropping zero-till production system. When yield levels were > 1200 kg ha−1, yields were not significantly affected by row spacing, but when yield levels were < 1200 kg ha−1, the 20-cm row spacing was favored over the 10- or 30-cm spacings. Yields increased linearly with increase in seeding rate at all row spacings. There were no interactions observed between nitrogen, row spacing and seeding rate. The results of this study have important implications in terms of equipment design, cost for zero-till seeding equipment, and the opportunity to easily modify existing equipment for zero-till seeding. Key words: Plant establishment, plant height, zero till, yield

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Yield, oil content, and fatty acid profile of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) as affected by phosphorus rate and seeding rate

Industrial Crops and Products ◽

10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112087 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 145 ◽

pp. 112087 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yaping Xie ◽

Zhili Yan ◽

Zaoxia Niu ◽

Jeffrey A. Coulter ◽

Junyi Niu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Linum Usitatissimum ◽

Oil Content ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Linum Usitatissimum L

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Influence of spacing and different seed rates on growth, yield and economics of linseed under irrigation

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.15740/has/ijas/17.2/216-219 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 216-219

Author(s):

J.R. Katore ◽

Beena Nair ◽

Rupali Damdar ◽

Shilpa Rananaware ◽

G.R. Kavalkar

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Management Practices ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Seed Rate

Row spacing and seed rate are management practices that affect flax seed yield. Hence to find out the optimum quantity of seed rate and spacing for higher production in irrigated linseed, the present experiment was conducted under AICRP on Linseed, College of Agriculture, Nagpur during the Rabi Season of 2019-20. The Experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications in which Factor A consist of two spacing i.e. T1 - 30 cm and T2 - 45 cm and Factor B includes four seed rate S1- 10 kg/ha, S2- 15 kg/ha, S3- 20 kg/ha, S4- 25 kg/ha. Results showed significant effects of seed rates and spacing on all growth and yield attributes, which reflecting the importance of seeding rate and spacing for linseed. Maximum plant height was recorded after using the seed rate at 25 kg/ha (S4) and with 30cm spacing (T1) which was at par with seed rate 20 kg/ha (S3). The other growth parameters like number of branches, number of capsules per plant and test weight was found higher in the treatment having the seed rate of 10 kg/ha (S1) and in the spacing of 45cm (T2). Seed yield of linseed was recorded highest by using the seed rate at 15 kg/ha, which was at par with at the seed rate of 20 kg/ha and in the closer spacing of 30cm between rows i.e. 9.15% more as compare to row spacing of 45cm. Gross monetary returns, net monetary returns and B:C ratio was also recorded maximum in the seed rate of 15 kg/ha and with 30cm row spacing. It is concluded that advancement in seed rate by lowering down up to 15 kg/ha increases the productivity and profitability of linseed.

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Row spacing and seeding rate effect on soybean seed yield in North Dakota

cftm ◽

10.1002/cft2.20010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Peder K. Schmitz ◽

Jordan D. Stanley ◽

Hans Kandel

Keyword(s):

North Dakota ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Rate Effect ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Seeding Rate

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Agronomic studies of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) in south-eastern Australia

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea00059 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 40 (8) ◽

pp. 1101 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

S. N. Lisson ◽

N. J. Mendham

Keyword(s):

Linum Usitatissimum ◽

Plant Density ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Linum Usitatissimum L ◽

Yield Production ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

Formed Part ◽

Seed Yields

This paper reports on field agronomy studies into flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) conducted in Tasmania, Australia from 1994 to 1997. These studies investigated the performance of selected cultivars, and responses to sowing date, plant density and irrigation. The work formed part of a feasibility study assessing the potential of fibre hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) and flax as sources of fibre for the Australian newsprint industry. Two cultivar evaluation trials were conducted at the University of Tasmania Farm, Cambridge, in Tasmania’s south-east. One of these included 7 European and Australian flax cultivars, and the other, 4 mucilage linseed cultivars. The European flax cultivars yielded significantly more stem and bark fibre than the Australian flax cultivars. Of the former group, Ariane (841 g/m 2 ) and Marina (883 g/m 2 ) performed the best in terms of stem yield production, while Viking had comparable bark yields to these 2 cultivars. With the exception of cv. Kreola (543 g/m 2 ), which produced comparable stem yields to the Australian flax cultivars, the linseed cultivars were short and produced relatively low stem yields. Interestingly, seed yields (149–194 g/m 2 ) were not superior to those for the flax cultivars (156–218 g/m 2 ). While offering little dual-purpose seed/fibre potential, they may supply a future niche market for seed production. Three other trials were conducted to investigate the response of flax to seeding rate and sowing date, and the interactions between seeding rate, sowing date and irrigation availability. Autumn sowings of flax gave higher yields of both stem and seed compared with winter and spring sowings. Reasonable stem and seed yields were achieved from dryland cropping of flax. However, good results from such rainfed crops in Tasmania will depend on autumn sowing and good rainfall during winter and spring seasons. There were clear yield benefits from irrigation between early November and January, when the amount and distribution of rainfall was poor. The selection of an optimum seeding rate will depend on the sowing date and involve a compromise between maximising yield and minimising potential losses from lodging. The decreased occurrence of lodging with winter and spring sowings in this study, suggests that later sowings can accommodate higher seeding rates.

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INTERACTION OF CULTIVAR AND SEEDING RATE ON VARIOUS AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FLAX

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps78-049 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 303-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

G. H. GUBBELS

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Linum Usitatissimum ◽

Heavy Rain ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Fourfold Increase ◽

Agronomic Characteristics ◽

Linum Usitatissimum L ◽

Oil Percentage ◽

Flax Plant ◽

Seed Yields

Three flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars, Linott, Noralta and Nored, were grown in the field in 1971, 1972 and 1973 at seeding rates of 100, 250, 400, 550, 700, 850, and 1,000 seeds/m2. Certain interactions between cultivar and seeding rate occurred but none was consistent from year to year. Soil moisture and weather played an important role in yearly yield patterns. Lodging in 1973 reduced yield, weight per seed and oil percentage. The stage of maturity when wind and heavy rain occurred markedly affected the degree of lodging. Lodging increased with increase in seeding rate and corresponded to a decrease in the number of basal branches per plant. Nored branched more profusely than Noralta and Linott. Seed yields in 1971 and 1972 were relatively stable over a fourfold increase in seeding rate, showing the remarkable ability of the flax plant to compensate for low plant stands.

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Effects of Dietary Extruded Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) and Oregano (Origanum vulgare) on Growth Traits, Carcass Composition and Meat Quality of Grigia di Potenza Suckling Kids

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology ◽

10.17957/ijab/15.1775 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (05) ◽

pp. 1147-1152

Author(s):

Simona Tarricone

Keyword(s):

Meat Quality ◽

Linum Usitatissimum ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Control Diet ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Origanum Vulgare ◽

Linum Usitatissimum L ◽

Longissimus Lumborum

The aim of this trial was to compare the influence of supplementing diets with extruded linseed and oregano on growth parameters and meat qualitative traits in Grigia di Potenza breed suckling kids. Twenty-four male kids, exclusively fed milk from their dams, were assigned to the following diets: C) group control fed without any supplement; L) group fed control feed containing 3% extruded linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.); and LO) group fed control diet with 0.6% dried oregano (Origanum vulgare) and 3% extruded linseed. Growth performance as well as slaughtering traits and meat cuts of kids were not significantly influenced (P > 0.05) by dietary treatments. Conversely, kids in linseed group reported the lower (P < 0.05) percentage of dissectible fat in leg and loin. The meat from Longissimus lumborum and Semimembranosus muscles of kids in linseed diet had the lowest (P < 0.05) cooking loss percentage, whereas the proximate chemical composition of both meat muscles did not vary among treatments (P > 0.05). The experimental diets partially modulated the kid meat fatty acid composition in both muscles, where feeding linseed and oregano improved (P < 0.05) the content of DPA and reduced MUFA. Based on the current findings, it can be concluded that linseed and oregano supplementation can be used in goat diet as no significant detrimental effects on productive performance and meat quality of suckling kids were observed. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

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