Vegetative and Berry Chemistry Response to Canopy Manipulation and Ethephon in `Norton' Grapes

The relationship between canopy manipulation to improve solar penetration and ethephon application was studied on field-grown Vitis aestivalis L. `Norton' grapevines. Canopy manipulation involved removal of nonfruitful shoots, topping, and application of ethephon (750 mg·liter-1) at two intervals. Vines that were shoot-positioned and topped were not significantly different from control in soluble solids accumulation, but were superior to both ethephon treatments. Potassium levels in grape berries were lower in all treatments than in the control, but malate was significantly reduced only in the 2nd year of the 2-year study. Ethephon successfully controlled vine size and lateral development and thus increased solar penetration into the fruiting zone. Chemical name used: 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (ethephon).

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Effect of shoot topping intensity on 'Cabernet Franc' grapevine maturity in high-altitude region

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2017001000015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (10) ◽

pp. 946-950

Author(s):

Douglas André Würz ◽

José Luiz Marcon Filho ◽

Alberto Fontanella Brighenti ◽

Ricardo Allebrandt ◽

Betina Pereira de Bem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Total Polyphenol ◽

Cabernet Franc ◽

Grape Berries ◽

Grape Quality ◽

Vegetative Canopy ◽

Different Levels

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition of 'Cabernet Franc' grape subjected to different levels of shoot topping. The experiment was conducted in the 2008 and 2009 vintages, and the levels of shoot topping consisted of: control, without topping; and reductions of 15, 30, and 45% in total leaf area. The effect of shoot topping intensity on the chemical composition of the 'Cabernet Franc' grape berries was observed. A reduction of 26% in the vegetative canopy through a moderate shoot topping increased the total polyphenol index and the anthocyanin content. Shoot topping is a practice that must be carried out with caution, since severe shoot topping, i.e., a reduction greater than 26% of the leaf area, may negatively impact grape quality by reducing the content of soluble solids and decreasing the total polyphenol index and the content of anthocyanins of 'Cabernet Franc' grape berries.

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Increased Organic Fertilizer and Reduced Chemical Fertilizer Increased Fungal Diversity and the Abundance of Beneficial Fungi on the Grape Berry Surface in Arid Areas

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.628503 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Linnan Wu ◽

Zhiqiang Li ◽

Fengyun Zhao ◽

Benzhou Zhao ◽

Fesobi Olumide Phillip ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungal Diversity ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Grape Juice ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Chemical Fertilizer ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽

Grape Berries ◽

Grape Quality ◽

Beneficial Fungi

Fertilizer practices can significantly impact the fruit quality and microbial diversity of the orchards. The fungi on the surface of fruits are essential for fruit storability and safety. However, it is not clear whether fertilization affects the fungal diversity and community structure on the surface of grape berries. Here, grape quality and the fungal diversity on the surface of grapes harvested from three fertilizer treatments were analyzed shortly after grape picking (T0) and following 8 days of storage (T1). The study involved three treatments: (1) common chemical fertilizer for 2 years (CH); (2) increased organic fertilizer and reduced chemical fertilizer for 1 year (A.O); and (3) increased organic fertilizer and reduced chemical fertilizer for 2 years (B.O). The application of increased organic fertilizer and reduced chemical fertilizer increased the soluble solids content (SSC) of the grape berries and decreased the pH of the grape juice. A total of 827,947 high-quality fungal sequences were recovered and assigned to 527 operational taxonomic units. Members of the Ascomycota phylum were dominant in all samples and accounted for 94.41% of the total number of detected sequences, followed by the Basidiomycota (5.05%), and unidentified fungi (0.54%). Alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed significantly different fungal populations in the three fertilizer treatments over the two time periods. The fungal diversity and richness on the grape berry surface in the B.O and A.O treatments were higher than those in the CH treatment. Among the detected fungi, the B.O treatments were mainly Pichia, Aureobasidium, and Candida genera, while the CH treatments were Botrytis, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. Moreover, significant differences were revealed between the two assessment times (T0 and T1). The samples from the T0 timepoint had higher fungal richness and diversity than the samples from T1 timepoint. Increasing organic fertilizer usage in grape management could improve grape quality and went on to increase the fungal diversity, as well as the relative abundance (RA) of beneficial fungi on grape berry surfaces. The correlation analysis suggested that the pH of the grape juice was significantly negatively correlated with fungal diversity parameters.

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Peach Fruit Quality Is Affected by Shade during Final Swell of Fruit Growth

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.116.3.383 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 116 (3) ◽

pp. 383-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Richard P. Marini ◽

Donald Sowers ◽

Michele Choma Marini

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Fruit Drop ◽

Red Color ◽

Solids Content ◽

Fruit Harvest ◽

The Relationship

Girdled or nongirdled `Biscoe' peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch) secondary scaffold branches were covered with shade fabric to provide a range of photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) from 44 to 20 days before harvest (DBH), from 20 to 0 DBH or 44 to 0 DBH. Fruit quality was affected differently by the various periods of shade during the final swell of fruit development. Shading 40 to 20 DBH did not affect fruit weight or quality, whereas shading 44 to 0 DBH had the greatest effect on fruit weight and quality. Fruit quality was generally similar on branches exposed to 100% and 45% incident PPFD (IPPFD). Fruit on” girdled branches generally responded to shade more than fruit on nongirdled branches. Fruit weight was positively related to percent IPPFD for girdfed but not nongirdled branches shaded 20 to 0 DBH and 44 to DBH. On nongirdled branches, fruit exposed to 45% IPPFD for 44 to 0 DBH had 14% less red color and 21% lower soluble solids content (SSC) than nonshaded fruit. Harvest was delayed >10 days and preharvest fruit drop was increased by shading to <23% IPPFD. Shading branches for 20 to 0 or 44 to 0 DBH altered the relationship between flesh firmness and ground color: Firmness declined as ground color changed from green to yellow for fruit shaded 44 to 20 DBH, but firmness declined with little change in ground color for fruit shaded 20 to 0 or 44 to 0 DBH. Girdling results indicated that fruit weight and SSC partially depended on photosynthate from nonshaded portions of the canopy, whereas fruit redness, days from bloom to harvest, and ground color depended on PPFD in the vicinity of the fruit.

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Bioactive compounds in gladiolus flowers

Ornamental Horticulture ◽

10.1590/2447-536x.v27i3.2310 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandra Goede de Souza ◽

Eduardo Affonso Jung ◽

Vinícius Petermann Benedicto ◽

Leosane Cristina Bosco

Keyword(s):

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Total Titratable Acidity ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Flowers have received special attention not only for their ornamental nature but also for their nutraceutical, cosmetic, aromatic, and culinary properties. This study aimed to characterize physicochemical attributes and the antioxidant capacity of flowers of four gladiolus cultivars. The cultivars used were White Friendship, Rose Supreme, Jester, and T704. We analyzed the content of total soluble solids (SS), total titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, pH, vitamin C, anthocyanin, flavonoids, total phenolic compounds (TPC), total antioxidant activity (TAA), and the relationship of TPC with flavonoids and TAA for each cultivar. The results showed that the Jester flowers had the lowest TA and highest SS/TA ratio, indicating the best flavor. Jester also had the highest flavonoid content, similarly to the White Friendship and Rose Supreme. As a result, these cultivars have flowers with higher TPC and TAA content than T704. The anthocyanin content was the characteristic attribute of cultivar T704, due to its purple pigmentation. Gladiolus flowers, traditionally used in landscaping and as cut flowers, have the potential for use in human nutrition, particularly the White Friendship, Rose Supreme, and Jester cultivars.

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Expression Patterns of Genes Encoding Sugar and Potassium Transport Proteins Are Simultaneously Upregulated or Downregulated When Carbon and Potassium Availability Is Modified in Shiraz (Vitis vinifera L.) Berries

Plant and Cell Physiology ◽

10.1093/pcp/pcz130 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 60 (10) ◽

pp. 2331-2342 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zelmari A Coetzee ◽

Rob R Walker ◽

Siyang Liao ◽

Celia Barril ◽

Alain J Deloire ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Expression Patterns ◽

Phloem Transport ◽

Potassium Transport ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Grape Berries ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Integral Role ◽

The Relationship ◽

And Storage

Abstract A link between the accumulation of sugar and potassium has previously been described for ripening grape berries. The functional basis of this link has, as of yet, not been elucidated but could potentially be associated with the integral role that potassium has in phloem transport. An experiment was conducted on Shiraz grapevines in a controlled environment. The accumulation of berry sugar was curtailed by reducing the leaf photoassimilation rate, and the availability of potassium was increased through soil fertilization. The study characterizes the relationship between the accumulation of sugar and potassium into the grape berry and describes how their accumulation patterns are related to the expression patterns of their transporter proteins. A strong connection was observed between the accumulation of sugar and potassium in the grape berry pericarp, irrespective of the treatment. The relative expression of proteins associated with sugar and potassium transport across the tonoplast and plasma membrane was closely correlated, suggesting transcriptional coregulation leading to the simultaneous translocation and storage of potassium and sugar in the grape berry cell.

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Effect of Riboflavin on the Precocious Maturation of Spine Grape Berries (Vitis davidii Foex)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci14192-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (9) ◽

pp. 1521-1525

Author(s):

Mingtao Zhu ◽

Jun Yu ◽

Sheng Wu ◽

Meijun Wang ◽

Guoshun Yang

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Radical ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Maturation Stage ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Grape Berries ◽

Radical Production ◽

Wild Plant Species ◽

Environmentally Safe ◽

Vitis Davidii

Spine grape (Vitis davidii Foex) is an important wild plant species in South China. To provide economical and environmentally safe ways to promote the precocious maturation of spine grape berries, the effects of riboflavin were investigated. Riboflavin affected the reactive oxygen species metabolism in spine grape berries by increasing superoxide radical production and the hydrogen peroxide content, and it impaired the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase. Riboflavin also induced the upregulated expression of maturation-related genes in advance, and the earlier accumulation of anthocyanin and total soluble solids. Phenological observations revealed that the treated grape berries underwent a color-turning stage 9 days earlier than the control, and the maturation stage occurred 7 days earlier than the control. Thus, riboflavin may significantly promote the precocious maturation of spine grape berries.

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579 Effect of Shoot Positioning, Leaf Removal, Cluster Shading, and Curtain Orientation on Fruit Composition and Primary Bud Cold Hardiness in `Norton/Cynthiana' Grapevines (Vitis aestivalis)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.3.546d ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 546D-546

Author(s):

Sanliang Gu ◽

Susanne Howard ◽

Martin K. Walsh

Keyword(s):

Cold Hardiness ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Skin Pigmentation ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Soluble Solid Content ◽

Leaf Removal ◽

Fruit Composition ◽

Total Titratable Acidity ◽

Vitis Aestivalis

The effects of shoot positioning, leaf removal, cluster shading, and curtain orientation on fruit composition and primary bud cold hardiness were investigated in mature `Norton/Cynthiana' grapevines (Vitis aestivalis) trained to Geneva double curtain (GDC) trellis system. For four years (1995–1998) juice soluble solids content, total titratable acidity, and pH were not affected shoot positioning. Cluster shading, curtain orientation, and leaf removal affected fruit composition at harvest. Fruit from the south-facing curtain of the GDC trellis system had higher juice soluble solid content, pH, and skin pigmentation than fruit from the north-facing curtain. Cluster shading decreased skin pigmentation while cluster shading at the highest level only (95%) increased pH and decreased total titratable acidity. Leaf removal, which increases light exposure of the fruit, increased juice pH in the 1997 experiment only. Juice potassium level was decreased by shoot positioning, but not cluster shading or curtain orientation. Cold hardiness of primary buds was affected by these treatments early in the winter, but the differences in primary bud cold hardiness among the treatments diminished toward the end of the dormant season.

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186 Berry Quality and Photosynthate Partitioning in Response to Plant Growth Regulators in Grape

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.3.422e ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 422E-422

Author(s):

H. Yakushiji ◽

K. Morinaga ◽

Y. Koshita

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Grape Berries ◽

Berry Quality ◽

C Distribution ◽

Berry Maturation

The effects of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on berry maturation and photoassimilates partitioning were investigated. Five-year-old potted `Kyoho' grape grown under a non-heating glasshouse were used. TIBA (200 mg/L) and NAA (200 mg/L) were applied to clusters at the beginning of veraison (45 days after full bloom). TIBA application increased not only soluble solids concentration in the juice but also anthocyanin content of peel, compared with those of control. On the other hand, the application of NAA reduced berry growth and delayed the berry maturation with harder flesh, lower soluble solids, higher acidity and poor coloration. In order to examine the effect of both plant growth regulators on photoassimilates partitioning in plant tissues, the whole plants were fed with 13CO2 at 10 days and 20 days after application of TIBA and NAA. The 13C distribution of pericarp and peel in NAA application was found on the lowest among the treatments. However, there were no significant differences in the 13C distribution and 13C absorption rate of pericarps between TIBA and control. These results indicate that NAA weakened the sink activity in grape berries, resulted in smaller berry size and the delay of maturation, whereas the berry ripening induced by TIBA application could not be explained by the distribution of photoassimilates in grape berries.

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INTERACTION OF HARVEST TIME AND STORAGE ON ATTRIBUTES OF EATING QUALITY IN ACORN SQUASH

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.3.496d ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 496D-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Brent Loy

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Storage Period ◽

Maximum Size ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Eating Quality ◽

Physiological Factors ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Harvest Dates ◽

The Relationship

Premature harvest of acorn squash is a widespread problem because fruits reach maximum size and optimum color within 20 days after pollination (DAP), well before peak dry matter and sugar content occur. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between harvest date and physiological factors affecting eating quality in Cucurbita pepo L. squash. In the summer of 2005, C. pepo squash cultivars were evaluated at three harvest dates, 25, 35, and 45 days after pollination (DAP), with or without a 10-day storage period at 21 °C. Four F1 hybrid cultivars carrying powdery mildew tolerance (PMT) were evaluated: a semi-bush, commercial acorn cultivar (`Tip Top'), a high quality experimental acorn, bush hybrid (NH1634), and two sweet dumpling-type, semi-bush hybrids (NH1635 and 1636). Data were collected on mesocarp DW, oBrix (soluble solids), and partitioning of biomass between mesocarp tissue and developing embryos during storage. Peak DWs of 20% to 21% occurred at 25 DAP in NH1634, 1635 and 1636, and at 35 DAP in Tip Top (19.5 %). At 25 DAP, Brix was low (means of 5.9 to 7.2) across all cultivars. With harvest at 25 DAP plus 10 days storage, oBrix was low in Tip Top (7.1), but was higher than 10 in NH1634 and NH1636. Brix reached near maximum (13 to 15) at 45 DAP in NH1634, 1635 and 1636, and at 55 DAP in Tip Top (12). Embryos were small (DW = 8 to 19 mg) at 25 DAP and grew fairly linearly to a maximum at 55 DAP. Mean embryo DW at 55 DAP was 87.5 mg for Tip Top, 76.9 mg for NH1636, 57.1 mg for NH1634, and 28.5 mg for NH1635. The proportion of total fruit biomass expressed as energy equivalents (kJoules) allocated to embryos in mature fruit (45 DAP + 10 days storage) was 11.8% in NH1635, 18.7% in NH1634, 27.4% in Tip Top, and 30.2% in NH1636. Reallocation of assimilates from mesocarp tissue to developing embryos was a major contributing factor, along with respiration, to a reduction in mesocarp dry matter during storage.

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1-Methylcyclopropene on Fruit Quality of Se-Enriched Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) during Shelf Life Period

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10091411 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1411 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shuaimeng Zhu ◽

Yinli Liang ◽

Lan Mu ◽

Xiaojuan An ◽

Hongfei Yin

Keyword(s):

Shelf Life ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Table Grape ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Postharvest Quality ◽

Life Stages ◽

Grape Berries

Selenium (Se) deficiency in humans could be improved by biofortification of food with selenium, 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment is beneficial for the non-sulfur storage of fresh fruit. This study investigated fruit quality of table grape (Hutai No.8) with foliar Se fertilizer at maturity, and fruit quality changes of table grape during shelf life stages that caused by postharvest 1-MCP treatment in 2016 and 2017. The results showed that foliar Se fertilizer application significantly increased Se content in grape berries at maturity, and the raised rate were 43.09% and 33.24% compared to that of control in 2016 and 2017 respectively, meanwhile it increased the nutritional components in grape berries, including soluble proteins, soluble sugars, Vitamin C, total soluble solids, proanthocyanidin content and so on, and decreased the titratable acidity content. During shelf life stages, 1-MCP application decreased the decay number of grapes, and SE + 1-MCP treatment had the most excellent fruit quality among all treatments in two consecutive vintages. In conclusion, Se fertilizer application could increase Se content in grape berries, also improved the fruit nutritional and health care values at maturity. 1-MCP application could delay the process of ripening and senescence for Se-enriched grape and maintaining the postharvest quality of table grape during shelf life stages, it allows us to market the fruit at a more advanced ripening stage without quality loss.

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