DEPLOYMENT OF ARCELIN GENES FOR BRUCHID RESISTANCE IN COMMON BEANS

The discovery of bruchid resistance in wild beans and the demonstration that theArcelin protein is responsible for the resistance, provide an opportunity to develop resistant cultivars of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. Arcelin expression is controlled by multiple alleles, which impart different levels of insect resistance. In field tests in Honduras and Brazil, backcross-derived lines with the Arl-1 allele were most resistant, especially to Mexican bean weevil. Seed mixtures of 0.80 Arl-1:0.20 susceptible and equal amounts of Arl-1,Arl-2, and Arl-3, and Arl-4 containing seeds showed resistanc elevels and seed yields similar to lines homogeneous for Arl-1. Breeding lines uniform for appearance and agronomic performance, but heterogenous for resistance genes are being tested as potential new dry bean cultivars having stable insect resistance.

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BREEDING STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPING DRY BEAN CULTIVARS RESISTANT TO BRUCHID WEEVILS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1123d ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1123d-1123 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fredrick A. Bliss

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Breeding Strategies ◽

Near Isogenic Lines ◽

Bean Weevil ◽

Accurate Identification ◽

Dry Bean ◽

The Common ◽

Single Seeds ◽

Genotypic Mixtures ◽

Seed Yields

The presence of arcelin protein in the seeds of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., provides resistance to the Mexican bean weevil and to a lesser degree, the common bean weevil. Fast, accurate identification of single seeds containing arcelin facilitates the transfer of alleles for each of four different arcelin types through standard crossing procedures. Seed yields and other traits of near-isogenic lines that contain different alleles were comparable to the standard parent, Porrillo 70. Genotypic mixtures containing resistant and susceptible seeds produced seed yields comparable to Porrillo 70, which suggests that heterogeneous populations offer the potential for stable resistant cultivars.

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Effect of harvest date and seed type on green-shell and dry bean yield

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v84i1-2.3898 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 84 (1-2) ◽

pp. 29-34

Author(s):

James S. Beaver

Keyword(s):

Seed Weight ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Seed Type ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Bean Cultivar ◽

White Bean ◽

Bean Yield ◽

Seed Yields ◽

Red Line

In Puerto Rico, harvesting beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) near physiological maturity enhances the value of the crop. Whole-pod yields greater than 5,000 kg/ha were obtained from bean lines harvested about 65 days after planting. Whole-pod yields of the white bean cultivar Arroyo Loro were equal to or greater than those of bean breeding lines with different seed types. However, the green-shell seed yield of the small red line DOR364 was greater than that of Arroyo Loro. The small red line DOR364 achieved greater green-shell seed yields by partitioning a greater portion of wholepod weight into green-shell seed weight. Whole pod and green-shell bean yields were more consistent over years and locations than dry bean yields. Whole pod yields of beans harvested at the green-shell and semi-dry stages of development were similar, thus suggesting that harvest could be delayed as much as one week after the appearance of the first brown pod without losing green-shell bean yield.

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Inter-Rater Reliability, Concurrent Validity and Sensitivity of Current Methods to Assess Trunk Function in Boccia Players with Cerebral Palsy

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci10030130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 130

Author(s):

Alba Roldan ◽

David Barbado ◽

Francisco J. Vera-Garcia ◽

José M. Sarabia ◽

Raul Reina

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Field Tests ◽

Test Battery ◽

Trunk Control ◽

Rater Reliability ◽

Current Test ◽

Different Levels ◽

Trunk Stabilization

Trunk function is a core factor to allocate Boccia players with cerebral palsy in BC1 and BC2 sport classes, according to the Boccia International Sports Federation (BISFed). However, the appropriateness of the current test to assess trunk function has never been studied to determine its reliability, validity and sensitivity to discriminate between different levels of impairment. Thirty-six players (BC1 = 13 and BC2 = 23) took part in this study. Trunk control was assessed through the BISFed trunk function scale (TFS) and a posturographic test battery consisting of two static and three dynamic tasks. The inter-rater reliability for the BISFed TFS was set at 94.44% of agreement. Moderate-to-high correlations were obtained between posturographic tasks (0.39 < r < 0.96; p < 0.05–0.01), while the BISFed TFS only correlated with two of the dynamic tasks and the overall dynamic score (−0.38 < r < −0.51; p < 0.05). The BISFed TFS was not able to discriminate between sport classes, whereas the static posturographic task did so (p = 0.004). Even though the current BISFed TFS presented good inter-rater reliability, it does not seem to have enough sensitivity to discriminate between BC1 and BC2. Although the static posturographic tasks were able to discriminate between sports classes, it seems necessary to develop new field tests assessing participants’ trunk stabilization abilities.

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‘Olathe’ Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Response to Postemergence Imazethapyr and Bentazon

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500081170 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 276-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Troy A. Bauer ◽

Karen A. Renner ◽

Donald Penner

Keyword(s):

Untreated Control ◽

Quantitative Measure ◽

Field Studies ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Physiological Maturity ◽

Pinto Bean ◽

Treated Leaf ◽

Dry Edible Bean ◽

Seed Yields ◽

Petroleum Oil

Dry bean producers have limited postemergence broadleaf weed control options. The purpose of this research was to determine whether bentazon increased dry edible bean tolerance to postemergence imazethapyr applications. Imazethapyr and bentazon were applied with a petroleum oil adjuvant to ‘Olathe’ pinto bean in the field and greenhouse. Imazethapyr injured pinto bean 7 DAT in the field and greenhouse. Chlorophyllacontent, a quantitative measure of bean chlorosis, decreased compared to the untreated control following imazethapyr application. When 840 g ha−1of bentazon was tank-mixed with 53 g ha−1of imazethapyr, bean injury decreased and chlorophyllaincreased compared to imazethapyr alone. Fifty three g ha−1of imazethapyr delayed physiological maturity by 8 and 15 d compared to the untreated control in 1991 and 1992, respectively. Pinto bean seed yields were not reduced compared to the untreated control. When 840 g ha−1of bentazon was tank-mixed with 53 g ha−1of imazethapyr, maturity was not delayed.14C-Imazethapyr absorption decreased by more than 40% and translocation of14C from the treated leaf decreased by more than 50% when14C-imazethapyr was tank-mixed with bentazon compared to14C-imazethapyr alone. The addition of 20 mM Na-acetate inhibited absorption of14C-imazethapyr, but did not inhibit translocation of14C. The decreased absorption and translocation of imazethapyr when tank-mixed with bentazon likely accounts for the safening effect observed in greenhouse and field studies.

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Resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in Advanced Generation Breeding Lines of Peanut1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/pnut.22.1.0013 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 59-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

J. L. Starr ◽

C. E. Simpson ◽

T. A. Lee

Keyword(s):

Field Tests ◽

Recurrent Parent ◽

Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Nematode Reproduction ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Nematode Population Density ◽

Arachis Batizocoi ◽

Moderate Resistance ◽

Moderately Resistant

Abstract Levels of resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria in F2 individuals from the second, third, and fourth backcross (BC) generations were compared in seven separate tests to that of the root-knot nematode-resistant peanut germplasm line TxAG-7. Resistance of TxAG-7 was derived from the wild species Arachis batizocoi, A. cardenasii, and A. diogoi. Recurrent susceptible parents were Florunner and Tamnut 74 for the all backcrosses, Tamspan 90 for BC3 and BC4, and NC 7 and VC-1 for BC4. Resistance in these tests was defined as an inhibition of nematode reproduction relative to that of the susceptible recurrent parent. Numerous individuals with a level of resistance similar to that of TxAG-7 were identified from each backcross generation. In three field tests, the resistant BC2 genotype TP-223 supported a lower final nematode population density than did its susceptible recurrent parent Florunner. When rooted cuttings from selected BC4F2 individuals were retested to confirm the original resistance class, ratings were unchanged for those originally identified as resistant or susceptible. Of nine individuals originally identified as having moderate resistance (2.5 to 12.5% of the eggs/g roots as the susceptible recurrent parent), one was identified as susceptible, one as moderately resistant, and seven as resistant (<2.5% of the eggs/g roots) upon retest. These data are evidence that this source of resistance is readily recoverable from advanced back-cross generations.

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Emerging Yr26-Virulent Races of Puccinia striiformis f. tritici Are Threatening Wheat Production in the Sichuan Basin, China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-08-14-0865-re ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 99 (6) ◽

pp. 754-760 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

D. J. Han ◽

Q. L. Wang ◽

X. M. Chen ◽

Q. D. Zeng ◽

J. H. Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stripe Rust ◽

Sichuan Basin ◽

Puccinia Striiformis ◽

Field Tests ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Stripe Rust Resistance ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Wheat Production ◽

Stripe Rust Resistance Gene ◽

The Sichuan Basin

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. tritici, is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat in the world. The Sichuan Basin is one of the most important regions of wheat production and stripe rust epidemics in China. Stripe rust resistance gene Yr26 (the same gene as Yr24) has been widely used in wheat breeding programs and in many cultivars grown in this region since the gene was discovered in the early 1990s. Virulence to Yr26 has increased in frequency since its first detection in 2008. The objective of this study was to assess the vulnerability of the wheat cultivars and breeding lines in the Sichuan Basin to Yr26-virulent races. In total, 85 wheat accessions were tested with Yr26-avirulent races CYR32, CYR33, and Su11-4 and two Yr26-virulent races, V26/CM42 and V26/Gui22. DNA markers for Yr26 were used to determine the presence and absence of Yr26 in the wheat accessions. Of the 85 wheat accessions, only 5 were resistant and 19 susceptible to all races tested, and the remaining 61 were resistant to at least one or more races tested in seedling stage. In all, 65 (76.5%) accessions were susceptible to the emerging Yr26-virulent race V26/Gui22. In field tests, susceptible accessions increased from 31.8% in a nursery inoculated with predominant and Yr26-avirulent races to 61.2% in the nursery inoculated with the predominant races mixed with V26/Gui22. Based on the results of the molecular marker and race tests, 33 (38.8%) accessions were determined to have Yr26, showing that the Yr26 virulence is a major threat to wheat production in the Sichuan Basin and potentially in other regions of China.

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Evaluation of different Ethiopian common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae) genotypes for host resistance to the Mexican bean weevil, Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

International Journal of Tropical Insect Science ◽

10.1017/s1742758417000248 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (01) ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Shiferaw G. Tigist ◽

Rob Melis ◽

Julia Sibiya ◽

Gemechu Keneni

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

National Level ◽

Research Centre ◽

Grain Legume ◽

Bean Weevil ◽

Zabrotes Subfasciatus ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Resistant Genotypes

AbstractCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) is amongst the most important grain legume crops in Africa in general, and Ethiopia in particular. The Mexican been weevil (Zabrotes subfasciatusBoheman) heavily attacks the grain of common bean. A total of 300 common bean entries were subjected to a ‘no-choice’ test at Melkassa Agricultural Research Centre, Ethiopia, using a randomized complete block design with three replications, to evaluate for resistance to the Mexican bean weevil. Data on insect and seed traits were collected and a significant level (P<0.01) of variation in all parameters measured was observed amongst genotypes. Relative resistance was recorded in landraces, improved genotypes and breeding lines, but the resistant genotypes, RAZ-11, RAZ-36, RAZ-2, RAZ-44, RAZ-120, RAZ-40 and MAZ-203, showed consistently complete resistance, with zero index of susceptibility value. Two other promising entries were also identified from the breeding lines (SCR-11) and landrace collections (NC-16) of Ethiopia. Stratified ranking diagrams showed that accessions from different eco-geographical origins in Ethiopia and those with different colours showed different patterns of response to infestation. The Ethiopian bean breeding programme should take up the resistant genotypes for a comprehensive yield trial at the national level and direct release them as commercial varieties. The incorporation of bean weevil resistance genes into adapted varieties through backcross breeding techniques, supported with marker assisted selection, seems to be the best strategy not only in terms of time saving but also in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.

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Variation Among Virginia Market-Type Peanut Genotypes in Susceptibility to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Vectored by Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/ps07-105.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 92-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. D. Riniker ◽

R. L. Brandenburg ◽

G. G. Kennedy ◽

T. G. Isleib ◽

D. L. Jordan

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽

Field Tests ◽

Breeding Line ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽

Foliar Symptoms ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Wilt Virus

Abstract Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), a thrips-vectored tospovirus, is an important pathogen of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Development of tolerant cultivars has proven to be one of the most promising methods to manage the disease. Twenty-four genotypes of virginia market-type peanut were monitored in field tests for thrips damage, and TSWV incidence and severity during 2004 and 2005 in North Carolina. The cultivar Gregory had a higher density of adult thrips in foliage than any other genotype, while breeding lines N01057 and N03054E had the lowest density. No significant correlation was detected between thrips density or injury and TSWV incidence. Line N03036EJ had the greatest TSWV incidence, but did not differ from cultivars Gregory or Perry in incidence. Line N00033 had the least TSWV incidence and differed from the cultivars Gregory and Perry. The occurrence of late-season chlorosis or peanut yellowing death (PYD) was highly correlated with TSWV infection (P < 0.0001). Breeding line N02051ol had the greatest incidence of PYD, but did not differ statistically from Gregory or Perry. Lines N03023EF and N01083 had the least PYD incidence. Plants infected with TSWV not expressing foliar symptoms were found in far greater abundance than plants that were infected and symptomatic. Line N03036EJ had the greatest proportion of infected but asymptomatic plants; line N03054E had the least. Susceptible lines are more likely to become infected, rather than just more likely to show spotted wilt symptoms.

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No-Pesticide Preliminary Yield Trials in Peanut1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-28-1-6 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 21-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

W. D. Branch ◽

S. M. Fletcher

Keyword(s):

Field Tests ◽

Cercospora Arachidicola ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Net Returns ◽

Endemic Diseases ◽

Leaf Spots ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Alternative Approach ◽

Wilt Virus ◽

Yield Trials

Abstract Pest-resistant peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars are critically important to reduce the increasing cost of production. Current pesticides used in the U.S. are effective but very expensive. The objective of this study was to evaluate several advanced Georgia breeding lines when grown without nematicides, fungicides, or insecticides. Preliminary yield trials without pesticides were conducted for 3 yr (1996-98) at the Univ. of Georgia, Coastal Plain Exp. Sta. under irrigation. However, preplant and occasionally post-applied herbicides were used for weed control. Thrips damage was noticeably uniform and severe early in the growing season each year, but plants seemingly recovered by midseason. Probably the most endemic diseases in the Southeast are both early and late leaf spots [Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton, respectively] and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Results from replicated field tests strongly suggest that it would be economically feasible to significantly reduce pesticide cost by growing multiple pest-resistant advanced Georgia breeding lines as compared to the five check cultivars Florunner, GK-7, Southern Runner, Florida MDR 98, and Georgia Browne. However, dollar values were variable and low with no pesticides because of the overall reduction in yield. An alternative approach for greater net returns possibly may be achieved by only reducing currently recommended input costs rather than eliminating pesticides with pest resistant cultivars.

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Bacillus Thuringiensis: a Logical Weapon for Spruce Budworm Control

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc54309-6 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 309-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W.A. Smirnoff

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Environmental Variables ◽

Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Field Tests ◽

Spruce Budworm ◽

Balsam Fir ◽

Insect Density ◽

Different Levels ◽

Methods Of Application

Action of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) on spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clem., was found to be attributable to septicemia with some enterotoxicosis. Development of a compact economical B.t. formulation, with addition of the enzyme chitinase, increased its efficiency by accelerating larval mortality. Between 1971 and 1975 field tests were conducted in balsam fir stands with different levels of insect density to select the best formulation and methods of application and to identify the major influencing environmental variables. Variability in the results prior to 1975 is attributable to difficulties with calibration of spray systems. With accurate calibration in 1976 and 1977, good results in terms of larval mortality and foliage protection were obtained, thus confirming the value of B.t. for control of spruce budworm.

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