scholarly journals Growth of Rooted `Gala' Apple Microcuttings ex Vitro as Influenced by Initial Adventitious Root Count

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 664-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis P. Stimart ◽  
James F. Harbage
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Main Effects

The role of the number of adventitious roots of Malus domestics Borkh. `Gala' microcuttings in vitro on ex vitro root and shoot growth was investigated. Root initiation treatments consisted of IBA at 0, 0.15, 1.5, 15, and 150 μm in factorial combination with media at pH 5.5, 6.3, and 7.0. IBA concentrations significantly influenced final root count and shoot fresh and dry weights, but not plant height, leaf count, or root fresh and dry weights at 116 days. Between 0 and 0.15 μm IBA, final root counts were similar, but at 1.5, 15, and 150 μm IBA, root counts increased by 45%, 141%, and 159%, respectively, over the control. The pH levels did not affect observed characteristics significantly. There was no significant interaction between main effects. A significant positive linear relationship was found between initial and final root count. The results suggest a limited association between high initial adventitious root count and subsequent growth. Chemical name used: 1 H -indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).

scholarly journals Diazotrophic bacteria in the growth of micropropagated ornamental pineapple

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-278
Author(s):  
Adriano Bortolotti Silva ◽  
Ligiane Aparecida Florentino ◽  
Dalvana De Sousa Pereira ◽  
Paulo Roberto Correa Landgraf ◽  
Ana Carolina Rodrigues Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Ornamental pineapple is a hardy plant with significant landscaping value. Tissue culture of plants is viable for producing plants with a high phytosanitary quality. However, one of the difficulties with this cultivar is the acclimatization process, which is slow and can cause losses. The objective of the present study was to verify the potential of inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria for in vitro and ex vivo growth of ornamental pineapple. A group of diazotrophic bacterial strains selected at the Universidade José do Rosário Vellano (UNIFENAS) was prioritized in this study, and the treatments included bacterial strains UNIFENAS (100-13, 100-60, 100-68, 100-153, 100-167 and 100-198). These strains were evaluated in terms of their capacity to produce indole 3-acetic acid. Subsequently, plants were cultivated in a medium composed of MS medium salts (1/4), adding 1 mL of the bacterial strain. In the control treatment, the plants were maintained in 2 mL of MS medium. 7 days after inoculation, the plants were transplanted into the MS, where they were maintained for 30 days. After in vitro cultivation, the plants were transferred to pots containing commercial Plantmax® substrate and maintained under these conditions for 60 days. The diazotrophic bacteria were able to synthesize auxins, and their inoculation promoted greater growth in vitro and ex vitro in the plants. In the acclimatization phase, the plants inoculated with UNIFENAS strains (100-60, 100-68 and 100-153) promoted a higher shoot growth, chlorophyll content and nitrate reductase enzyme activity.

Involvement of Abscisic Acid in Controlling Plant Growth in Soil of Low Water Potential

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Munns ◽  
RE Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Soil

Hormones appear to be important in controlling plant growth in soils of low water potential, particularly in changing the root:shoot ratio as the soil dries or becomes saline, and in communicating soil conditions to the leaves. This review has necessarily focused on abscisic acid (ABA), as there is little information about the role of other hormones in controlling growth in dry or saline soils. ABA is partly responsible for the differential response of root and shoot growth to dry soils. In dry soil it maintains root growth and inhibits shoot growth. However, when applied to well-watered plants, it usually inhibits root and shoot growth, showing that plants in dry soil respond quite differently from well-watered plants. ABA affects the rate of cell expansion in plants in dry soils: it maintains cell expansion in roots and inhibits that in leaves. It may also affect the rate of cell production, but little is known about this. The role of ABA as a long-distance signal in controlling growth by root-to-shoot communication is unclear: the concentrations found in xylem sap can affect stomatal conductance, but seem too low to affect leaf expansion. Yet drought and salinity generally affect leaf expansion before they affect leaf conductance. A possible solution to this puzzle is that ABA is transported in xylem sap in a complexed form, or that another compound in xylem sap stimulates the synthesis or activity of ABA in leaves, or affects leaf expansion independently of ABA.

scholarly journals STUDY ON ROOT MORPHOGENESIS IN-VITRO OF MORINDA CITRIFOLIA L.

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Huong Thi Ngoc Nguyen ◽  
Mai Thi Bach Vo
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Morphogenesis In Vitro ◽  
Root Morphogenesis ◽  
Roots In Vitro

Morinda citrifolia L. is a valuable medicinal plant, used to treat many diseases, such as sleeplessness, backache, high pressure... Recent studies show that Morinda citrifolia L. can regenerate adventitious roots in-vitro. To study the root morphogenesis in Morinda citrifolia L., we examined the effects of some auxin on regeneration of adventitious root in hypocotyl and leaf. The results showed that the concentration of 0,1mg/l NAA stimulated the formation of callus and primordia root in hypocotyl and leaf, in the first week, and the elongation of primordia root in the second week. Roles of respiration rate and endogenous hormones were discussed to understand the physiological changes in the formation of adventitious root.

scholarly journals Influence of propagation method a nd indole-3-butyric acid on growth and development of in vitro- and ex vitro-derived lingonberry plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir C Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Adventitious Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Propagation Methods ◽  
Rhizome Morphology ◽  
Rhizome Development

The effects of two propagation methods and four indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations were studied in two cultivars of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.). Cultivars Regal and Erntedank, propagated by conventional softwood cuttings (SC) and adventitious shoot regeneration from excised leaves of micropropagated shoots (LC), were evaluated for growth and morphology. Significant two- and three-way interactions for shoot and rhizome characteristics were observed among the treatments. The LC plants produced shorter and less-vigorous shoots but had more stems, branches, leaves and rhizomes in contrast to conventional cuttings, which rarely produced rhizomes. IBA had an effect on shoot and rhizome morphology, but not on the frequency of rhizome formation. In vitro culture on zeatin-containing nutrient medium apparently induces the juvenile branching characteristics that favored enhanced rhizome production. The advantage of shoot and rhizome production of adventitiously produced LC plants over SC plants varied between the genotypes. Erntedank plants had better shoot growth and rhizome development across propagation methods than did Regal plants. Key words: Vaccinium vitis-idaea, propagation, regeneration, cuttings, indole-3-butyric acid

scholarly journals In Vitro and ex Vitro Adventitious Root Formation in Asian Jasmine (Trachelospermum asiaticum) II. Physiological Comparisons

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 906-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Apter ◽  
F.T. Davies ◽  
E.L. McWilliams
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Initial Dosage ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
P Absorption

In vitro tissue-cultured (TC) and macropropagated (MACRO) 18-day old adventitious roots of Asian jasmine [Trachelospermum asiaticum (Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai] were compared for their ability to absorb and translocate radiolabelled P from a nutrient solution. Samples were taken at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the initial dosage of the nutrient solution with 7.4 × 10-2 MBq KH 322PO4/liter. TC roots were capable of absorbing P, but at significantly lower levels than MACRO roots. Greater P absorption occurred in MACRO roots within the first hour and continued for the duration of the experiment. However, there was no significant difference in the rate of P translocation from roots to shoots between treatments. Root systems formed in vitro survived acclimation and had developed into well-branched root systems after 13 weeks. Reduced P absorption by TC roots did not limit either P translocation or survivability during and after acclimation.

scholarly journals Auxins Increase Post-transplant Growth of Vinca

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 438A-438
Author(s):  
Marc van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Transplant Shock ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Small Roots

Auxins are commonly used to induce root formation during in-vitro culture of higher plants. Because transplanting is often accompanied by root damage and loss of small roots, auxins also could be beneficial in minimizing transplant shock. Vinca (Cataranthus rosea) seeds were germinated in a peat-lite growing mix and transplanted into pots (55 mL) filled with a diatomaceous earth (Isolite) 10 days after planting. Pots were then placed in a tray containing 62.5 mL of auxin solution per pot. Two different auxins [indole-acetic acid (IAA) and naphtylacetic acid (NAA)] were applied at rates ranging from 0.01 to 100 mg/L. Post-transplant growth was slow, possibly because of Fe+2-deficiencies. Both IAA (1–10 mg/L) and NAA (0.01–10 mg/L) significantly increased post-transplant root and shoot growth. As expected, NAA was effective at much lower concentrations than IAA. At 63 days after transplant, shoot dry mass of plants treated with 0.1 mg NAA/L was four times that of control plants, while 10 mg IAA/L increased shoot dry mass three-fold. High rates of both IAA (100 mg/L) and NAA (10–100 mg/L) were less effective. The highest NAA rate (100 mg/L) was phytotoxic, resulting in very poor growth and death of many plants. These results suggest that auxins may be a valuable tool in reducing transplant shock and improving plant establishment.

scholarly journals Crosstalk between Brassinosteroids and Ethylene during Plant Growth and under Abiotic Stress Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Jiroutova ◽  
Jana Oklestkova ◽  
Miroslav Strnad
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Signaling Networks ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Metabolic Systems ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Hormonal Crosstalk ◽  
Main Effects

Plant hormones through signaling networks mutually regulate several signaling and metabolic systems essential for both plant development and plant responses to different environmental stresses. Extensive research has enabled the main effects of all known phytohormones classes to be identified. Therefore, it is now possible to investigate the interesting topic of plant hormonal crosstalk more fully. In this review, we focus on the role of brassinosteroids and ethylene during plant growth and development especially flowering, ripening of fruits, apical hook development, and root and shoot growth. As well as it summarizes their interaction during various abiotic stress conditions.

The growth of the lucerne plant after cutting: I. The effects of cutting at different stages of maturity and at different intensities

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Leach
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Shoot Size ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Pasture Plants

Variation in shoot number, shoot size, and yield of dry matter occurring in the regrowth from lucerne plants cut at different stages of maturity and at different intensities is reported. The main effects of the treatments arose through variation in shoot number and changes in the time at which each shoot commenced extension growth; a linear regression utilizing this information about the population of shoots accounted for nearly all the variation in yield. Less severe, or later, cutting resulted in greater yields of dry matter in a 4 week period of regrowth. Changes in shoot number and shoot size both contributed to the variation in the yield of regrowth. Shoot size was mainly determined by the time at which the shoot resumed extension growth, and once such growth was resumed the shoot growth rate was apparently independent of the cutting treatment applied. The results are discussed in relation to currently held concepts on the role of "reserves" and of residual leaf area in promoting the regrowth of pasture plants. The development of lucerne adapted to grazing management is also considered.

scholarly journals In vitro screening of potato genotypes for osmotic stress tolerance

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandena Gelmesa ◽  
Nigussie Dechassa ◽  
Wassu Mohammed ◽  
Endale Gebre ◽  
Philippe Monneveux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
In Vitro Evaluation ◽  
Osmotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

AbstractPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a cool season crop which is susceptible to both drought and heat stresses. Lack of suitable varieties of the crop adapted to drought-prone areas of the lowland tropics deprives farmers living in such areas the opportunity to produce and use the crop as a source of food and income. As a step towards developing such varieties, the present research was conducted to evaluate different potato genotypes for osmotic stress tolerance under in vitro conditions and identify drought tolerant genotypes for future field evaluation. The experiment was carried out at the Leibniz University of Hannover, Germany, by inducing osmotic stress using sorbitol at two concentrations (0.1 and 0.2 M) in the culture medium. A total of 43 genotypes collected from different sources (27 advanced clones from CIP, nine improved varieties, and seven farmers’ cultivars) were used in a completely randomized design with four replications in two rounds. Data were collected on root and shoot growth. The results revealed that the main effects of genotype, sorbitol treatment, and their interactions significantly (P < 0.01) influenced root and shoot growthrelated traits. Under osmotic stress, all the measured root and shoot growth traits were significantly correlated. The dendrogram obtained from the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean allowed grouping of the genotypes into tolerant, moderately tolerant, and susceptible ones to a sorbitol concentration of 0.2 M in the culture medium. Five advanced clones (CIP304350.100, CIP304405.47, CIP392745.7, CIP388676.1, and CIP388615.22) produced shoots and rooted earlier than all other genotypes, with higher root numbers, root length, shoot and root mass under osmotic stress conditions induced by sorbitol. Some of these genotypes had been previously identified as drought-tolerant under field conditions, suggesting the capacity of the in vitro evaluation method to predict drought stress tolerant genotypes. Most of the genotypes collected from Ethiopia were found to be susceptible to osmotic stress, except one farmers’ cultivar (Dadafa) and two improved varieties (Zemen and Belete). Field evaluation of the tested materials under drought conditions would confirm the capacity of osmotic stress tolerant genotypes to perform well under drought-prone conditions and the potential interest of in vitro evaluation as a pre-screening component in potato breeding programs.

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