Poultry Litter Quantity Influences Collard Growth in Pots and Affects Cabbage Growth and Nutrient Uptake

A greenhouse pot study was conducted with a Wynnville sandy loam surface soil to determine the influence of application rates of poultry litter (PL) on growth and nutrient uptake of collard (Brassica oleracea, Acephata Group L., cv. Champion), and the residual effects of PL on growth and nutrient uptake of cabbage (Brassica oleracea, Capitata Group L., cv. Rio Verde). PL at 0, 13, 26, 53, and 106 g·kg–1 was incorporated into limed (pH 6.5) and nonlimed (pH 5.2) soil. Collard plants were grown for 52 days. The residual effects of PL were evaluated by growing three successive crops of cabbage without further application of PL (total 218 days). Collard plants were severely damaged or killed within 7 days after transplanting when the application rate of PL exceeded 26 g·kg–1 soil. Maximum dry matter yield of cabbage shifted from 26 to 106 g PL/kg soil during three successive crops. After four successive growth periods, 6% to 37% of N, 3% to 62% of Ca, 20% to 120% of K, 5% to 60% of Mg, and 3% to 25% of P added through PL was removed by plants. The decrease in water-extractable K accounted for the decrease in the soil salinity. Our results suggest that application rates of PL ≥ 53 g·kg–1 soil can result in elevated levels of salts and NH3 in soil, which can produce severe salt stress and seedling injury.

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Accumulation of total nutrients, dry matter and phytochrome content in Boesenbergia stenophylla R.M Smith as affected by different light conditions

Journal of Plant Stress Physiology ◽

10.25081/jpsp.2021.v7.5924 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 10-16

Author(s):

Tracy Saptu ◽

Nur Ashikin Psyquay Abdullah ◽

Franklin Ragai Kundat ◽

Aicher Joseph Toyat ◽

Calson Gimang Endawie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Application Rate ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Forest Canopies ◽

Soil Mixture ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Phytochrome Content

A study was conducted to determine the best agronomic practices for the cultivation of jerangau merah as a new medicinal crop. Jerangau merah is scientifically known as Boesenbergia stenophylla is a ginger plants that is highly endemic to the Borneo Highland. This understorey herb grows in cluster and under the heavy shades of forest canopies and perceived only the sunflecks that pass through the forest canopies. Jerangau Merah has been consumed by the locals for its medicinal values since decades ago. Generally, B. stenophylla is well known for its function as antidote for alcohol. Moreover, the B. stenophylla is also beneficial for rheumatic pains, remedies for stomach ache and toothache and as antiseptic wash as well. This herb is not propagate by the locals due to its sensitivity to sunlight and lack of agronomic information for B. stenophylla. Harvesting it from their natural habitat, however, seen the decline it its population size hence cultivation is essential. This paper aimed to determine the total nutrients, dry matter yield and phytochrome content of Bosenbergia stenophylla R.M. Smith under different light regimes. A study for determining suitable planting media for B. stenophylla was conducted at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). The treatments are: i) (M1) with the ratio of 3:2:1 top soil: sand: organic matter, media ii) (M2) consists of soil mixture 3:2:1 placed in water-logged polyethylene bags and media iii) (M3) contained only leaf litters. The results showed that the herbs showed significantly higher number of shoots and leaves in the common soil mixture. But, better root development in media containing leaf litters. The study proceeded with field experiment at Ba’Kelalan to determine the effect of different shade levels and fertilizing regimes on growth. B. stenophylla was cultivated under two different levels of shade cloths: 70% and 90% level of shade and different fertilizing regimes (T1 as control, no fertilizer applied to the plants; T2, chicken dung; T3, NPKMg and T4, mixed of chicken dung and NPKMg). The study for determining the effects of different shade level and fertilizing regimes on seedling’s growth which conducted at Ba’Kelalan in factorial randomized completely blocked design (RCBD). The data collected for 9 weeks of planting which include nutrient content in soil, leaf, PAR and phytochrome content and growth parameters. Regarding the nutrient uptake, the results showed no interactions between fertilizing regimes and shade levels. There were no significant different in nutrient elements except for magnesium and potassium. Magnesium is essential for the formation of chlorophyll which ensure efficiency of photosynthesis when under higher light intensity. Among all the fertilizer treatment, it was showed that chicken dung amendment has higher nutrient uptake. Thus, it is recommended chicken dung should be added into the NPKMg for better nutrient uptake. Further study on suitable fertilizer rates apply to B. stenophylla should be taken into consideration. Moreover, plants cultivated under 70% have been higher and have higher dry matter yield than those plants cultivated under 90%. The result also revealed that there was significant different in chlorophyll content of B. stenophylla cultivated under 70% which treated either with chicken dung and NPKMG respectively. However, plants under 90% have higher chlorophyll content than those under 70%. Based on the results, plants under 70% shade was taller than those under 90% and there were significant difference in height among treatments under 70%. It was observed plant treated with NPKMg was taller. This study showed that shade and fertilizers significantly affected the dry matter yield of B. stenophylla. Moreover, adding NPKMg to the treatments yields more dry matter content of jerangau merah. As for phytochrome content, there was no significant effect of fertilizer on phytochrome content. However, there was significant difference among the shade levels. 90% shade showed higher phytochrome content than those under 70%. In overall, both shade and fertilizer is important in cultivation of Jerangau Merah. 70% shade was observed to have significant effects on growth of jerangau merah and also more economical compared to 90%. Moreover, combination of organic matter and NPKMg also promote the growth of jerangau merah enhance the nutrient uptake efficiency of jerangau merah. However, further investigation of suitable fertilizer and application rate are required to determine suitable fertilizer for jerangau merah and application rate for optimum growth of jerangau merah.

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Corrigenda - A portable microcomputer-controlled drip infiltrometer. II. Field measurement of sorptivity, hydraulic conductivity and time to ponding

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9850393c ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 393

Author(s):

BJ Bridge ◽

PJ Ross

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Application Rate ◽

Variable Rate ◽

Infiltration Rates ◽

Constant Rate ◽

Long Time ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Dry Soil

The lightweight portable drip infiltrometer described in Part I was used to determine the infiltration characteristics of a sandy loam soil. Sorptivity was determined by varying the application rate to maintain surface ponding and by measuring the time to ponding at a constant application rate. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was equated to the long-time steady-state application rate needed to maintain surface ponding. This rate could be determined to a precision of 0.5 �m s-1 (2 mm h-1) and agreed well with core data from 0.5 to 1.0 m depth in the profile. The results obtained were compared with ponded ring infiltrometer measurements. Sorptivities calculated from the ring infiltrometers were greater than those from the variable rate drip infiltrometer which in turn were greater than those from the constant rate drip infiltrometer. This was attributed to the effect of the macropores under the ponded rings and to confining the depth over which sorptivity was measured under constant application rate to the wetter surface soil. In dry soil, the drip infiltrometer measured low initial infiltration rates caused by poor wetting of the soil, but these were not measured by the ponded ring infiltrometers, which had a 50 mm head. In moist soil, poor wettability did not occur. Five equations for calculating sorptivity from measurements of time to ponding under a constant application rate of 8.3 �m s-1 (30 mm h-1) were used and four of these equations agreed within 20%. This was less than the range of sorptivities arising from uncertainties in determining the time to ponding, and the differences between the equations were attributed to the assumptions used in their derivation. It was concluded that any measurement of sorptivity on this soil was difficult to interpret because of non-uniformity in the upper soil profile.

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Acid-Modified and Unmodified Natural Clay Deposits for In Situ Immobilization and Reducing Phytoavailability of Molybdenum in a Sandy Loam Calcareous Soil

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12198203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (19) ◽

pp. 8203

Author(s):

Saleh H. Alrashidi ◽

Abdelazeem S. Sallam ◽

Adel R. A. Usman

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Calcareous Soils ◽

Application Rate ◽

Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Modified Clay ◽

Clay Deposits ◽

Reduction Effect ◽

Mo Content

Molybdenum (Mo) in basic soils has high bioavailability and plant toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of increasing Mo concentration on its availability and toxicity threshold in alfalfa plants grown in sandy loam calcareous soils, and the potential use of raw and acid- modified clay deposits as soil additives to immobilize Mo and reduce its phytoavailability. Raw clay deposits (RCD) were treated with H2SO4 to produce acid-modified clay deposits (AMCD). The first experiment was performed using soils treated with 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 50, and 100 mg Mo kg−1. The second experiment was conducted with soils treated with 10 or 50 mg Mo kg−1 and amended with RCD and AMCD at application rates of 0, 2.5, 5, and 10% (w/w). After harvesting, water-soluble Mo, ammonium bicarbonate-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (AB-DTPA)-extractable Mo, and shoot Mo content as well as dry matter were measured. The results showed that water-soluble Mo, AB-DTPA-extractable Mo, and shoot Mo concentration increased at higher Mo soil addition. AMCD had a stronger influence on Mo immobilization and reduction effect on plant shoots compared to RCD, depending on soil Mo concentration and application rate. Applying AMCD decreased soil pH but increased salinity levels. The shoot dry matter significantly increased in soils amended with RCD and/or AMCD compared to control soils; with the highest improvement recorded for RCD at 10%. It was concluded that AMCD is an efficient immobilizing agent to reduce Mo mobility and its phytoavailability in calcareous soils. Additionally, both AMCD and especially RCD were able to create favorable conditions for plant growth.

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Inoculant effects on the fermentation quality, chemical composition and saponin content of lucerne silage in a mixture with wheat bran or corn husk

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an16407 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (12) ◽

pp. 2249 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jipeng Tian ◽

Risu Na ◽

Zhu Yu ◽

Zhongkuan Liu ◽

Zhenyu Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Application Rate ◽

Corn Husk ◽

Application Rates ◽

Saponin Content ◽

Fermentation Quality ◽

By Products

This study evaluated the effects of lactic acid bacteria inoculants on the fermentation quality and chemical composition of lucerne silage (A), a mixture of lucerne and wheat bran (A+WB), and a mixture of lucerne and corn husk (A+CH). The application rates of wheat bran in A+WB or corn husk in A+CH were 10%, 15%, and 20% of the whole fresh material. These different materials were treated with distilled water (Control), Lactobacillus plantarum 1 (LAB1), L. plantarum 2 (LAB2), L. plantarum 8 (LAB8) or a commercial inoculant (LALMAND) at a rate of 106 CFU/g of fresh forage. As the application rate of the by-products increased, the dry matter, lactate, propionate, and neutral detergent fibre (after heat-stable amylase treatment) contents increased, and the pH and the acetate, ammonia nitrogen, crude protein, and non-fibre carbohydrate contents decreased. The A+WB showed better fermentation quality than A and A+CH. The inoculants had beneficial effects on the silages, but the effects varied. The results indicate that the use of LAB1, LAB2, or LAB8 was better with A, whereas LALMAND was preferable for use with A+WB or A+CH. The saponin content decreased during ensiling and was positively correlated with the pH and the acetate and ammonia nitrogen content but negatively correlated with the dry matter content. The increase in the application rate of by-products and the addition of LALMAND further decreased the saponin content. Overall, the combined effects of the inoculants, by-products, and different application rates improved the fermentation quality and chemical composition and led to greater a reduction of saponin in lucerne silage, but the selection of suitable types and application rates of by-products and inoculants is essential.

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THE EVALUATION OF THE RESIDUAL EFFECT OF FERTILIZER IN LONG-TERM FERTILITY PLOTS: I. POTASSIUM

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss63-028 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 229-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. A. MacLean ◽

J. J. Doyle

Keyword(s):

Nitric Acid ◽

Cation Exchange ◽

Cation Exchange Capacity ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Intensive Cropping

Residual effects of long-term annual applications of fertilizer potassium on the potassium status of an acid sandy loam Podzol were investigated, in a greenhouse experiment. Potassium accumulated in the surface soil in a form readily available to plants.On plots with higher cation exchange capacities, resulting from manurial treatments, there was no evidence to indicate leaching below 15 inches. On plots where cation exchange capacity was not increased by treatment, a higher percentage potassium saturation at greater depths indicates that leaching of potassium had occurred to a depth of 21 inches. An increased concentration of nitric acid-soluble potassium at greater depths suggests that some of the leached potassium has been converted to the non-exchangeable form.Accumulation in the surface soil was sufficient to supply most of the potassium requirement of ladino clover under conditions of intensive cropping. The results suggest that exchangeable and nitric acid-soluble potassium are reliable criteria of available potassium.

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Agronomic and P recovery efficiency of organomineral phosphate fertilizer from poultry litter in sandy and clayey soils

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2017000900011 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (9) ◽

pp. 786-793 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jerusa Maia e Sá ◽

Cláudia Pozzi Jantalia ◽

Paulo César Teixeira ◽

José Carlos Polidoro ◽

Vinícius de Melo Benites ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sandy Loam ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Phosphate Fertilizer ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Recovery Efficiency ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Good Potential ◽

Loam Soil ◽

P Recovery ◽

Four Levels

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate agronomic and P recovery efficiencies of a granulated organomineral phosphate fertilizer (OMF) produced from poultry litter, compared with those of monoammonium phosphate (MAP), in soils with different textures. The experiment followed a 2x2x4+2 factorial arrangement, with two Oxisols (sandy loam and clay loam textures), two sources of P (OMF and MAP), four levels of P (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1), besides two control treatments without P application. The treatments were evaluated in 10-kg pots filled with soil, during four successive cultivations of corn without replacing the P absorbed by the plants, in order to evaluate the actual and residual effects of the fertilizers. Available P contents in the soil were higher with the MAP fertilizer in the sandy loam soil, with no significant differences between fertilizers in the clay loam soil. OMF had a greater immediate effect and promoted a higher dry matter yield in the first cultivation; however, the residual effects of the fertilizers did not differ in the other cultivations. P accumulation by plants was not affected by the fertilizer used. OMF had higher agronomic efficiency, but P recovery efficiency did not differ significantly between fertilizers. OMF performance indicates good potential use of poultry litter as fertilizer, in organomineral formulations.

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Biochar in sugar beet production and nutrition

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20180684 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Katherin Prissila Sevilla Zelaya ◽

Barbara Samartini Queiroz Alves ◽

Fernando Colen ◽

Leidivan Almeida Frazão ◽

Regynaldo Arruda Sampaio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Conventional Treatment ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Application Rate ◽

Biomass Pyrolysis ◽

Application Rates ◽

Agricultural Use

ABSTRACT: The biomass pyrolysis process may be an alternative for the agricultural use of sewage sludge. This study aimed to evaluate the use of of biochars from mixture of sewage sludge and sugarcane bagasse (BB, 1:1 relationship sewage sludge and sugarcane bagasse) on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) production and nutrition. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with five application rates of BB: 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% (v/v), and two additional treatments, biochar from sewage sludge (BS, application rate 5% (v/v)) and conventional treatment (CV) that received lime and mineral fertilizer. The treated soils were incubated for 45 days, after which, seedlings were cultivated for 55 days. Biochar produce from sewage sludge and sugarcane bagasse is an alternative technology to reduce the potential for contamination of sewage sludge and to incorporate more stable carbon forms in the soil. Although, biochar has increased soil fertility, fine roots and nutrient uptake efficiency by sugar beet plants, total dry matter yield was significantly lower than that obtained in conventional treatment.

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A portable microcomputer-controlled drip infiltrometer. II. Field measurement of sorptivity, hydraulic conductivity and time to ponding

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9850393 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 393

Author(s):

BJ Bridge ◽

PJ Ross

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Application Rate ◽

Variable Rate ◽

Infiltration Rates ◽

Constant Rate ◽

Long Time ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Dry Soil

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The effect of application rate of chemical herbicides on weed control and yield in early potatoes

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600024370 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 243-246

Author(s):

Maurice Eddowes

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Low Cost ◽

Application Rate ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Application Rates ◽

Herbicide Mixtures ◽

Rate Controlled ◽

Annual Weeds

SummaryIn a series of field experiments from 1966 to 1969, on light sandy loam soils in the West Midlands, comparisons were made between two levels of application of herbicides based on urea, triazine and bipyridil compounds for weed control in early potatoes.Under conditions of adequate nutrient and water supply, the high application rate controlled about 94%, and the low application rate about 88% of the annual weeds. At equivalent application rates, urea compounds and herbicide mixtures containing ureas, gave superior weed control to triazine compounds and herbicide mixtures containing triazines, but the ureas were apparently more phytotoxic to the potatoes.In 1970, comparisons were made between three levels of application of ametryne and monolinuron, high, medium and low and an unsprayed control treatment.The highest yields of potatoes were associated with the low application rates of herbicides from 1966 to 1970.It was concluded that, on these light sandy loam soils, when irrigation is available, relatively low application rates of either monolinuron or ametryne, or mixtures of ureas or of triazines, or mixtures of bipyridils and ureas or triazines could give adequate control of annual weeds in early potatoes at low cost.

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Potato Response to Polyhalite as a Potassium Source Fertilizer in Brazil: Yield and Quality

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci12738-17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 373-379 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Simone da Costa Mello ◽

Francis J. Pierce ◽

Rachel Tonhati ◽

Guilherme Silva Almeida ◽

Durval Dourado Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Winter Season ◽

Ammonium Phosphate ◽

Tropical Soils ◽

Application Rate ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Yield Response ◽

Wet Season ◽

Potato Quality ◽

Application Rates

Polyhalite (PH) is a hydrated sulfate evaporite mineral containing potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, nutrients all required in significant quantities by crops, but has limited evaluation as a fertilizer for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Fertilizer source and application rate field trials were conducted to evaluate PH as a fertilizer for potato production in the weathered tropical soils in Brazil. We selected two locations in the potato producing region of Southeast Brazil in 2015–16, one trial was conducted during the wet season at Tapira in São Paulo and the other during the winter season at Casa Branca in Minas Gerais. A common blend, 4–14–8, was made with either muriate of potash (MOP), sulfate of potash (SOP), or PH as the K source; with kieserite and gypsum added to the SOP to make a synthetic PH with similar composition; P either as single super phosphate (SSP) for the MOP blend or mono ammonium phosphate (MAP) for the PH and SOP blends; and N as urea adjusted for the N in MAP. All blends were applied at four application rates of 62, 125, 187, and 249 kg K/ha. A control was also included consisting of N and P as urea and MAP but no K, Ca, Mg, or S. Total and marketable yields as well as potato quality including dry matter, starch, soluble solids, hardness, and crunchiness were measured at harvest using standard techniques. At Tapira, potato yields increased linearly with increasing K application rate from 22.4 t·ha−1 for the control to the highest yield of 29.2 t·ha−1 and were higher for PH and SOP than MOP (28.8, 29.2, and 25.3 t·ha−1, respectively). At Casa Branca, yields increased from 31.5 t·ha−1 for the control to 42.4 kg·ha−1 at the 62 kg K/ha application rate with no further increases at higher rates and no differences among fertilizer blends at any application rate. Polyhalite blend increased dry matter and starch at the higher application rates compared with MOP and SOP at Tapira and increased potato hardness and crunchiness at the optimum 62 kg K/ha application rate at Casa Branca. Yield response was similar for PH and SOP but quality differences between these two fertilizer blends were observed even though they were similar in composition. Differences between PH and MOP may be related either to Cl or lack of Mg in the MOP blend. PH performed well as a fertilizer for potatoes as it produced equal or higher yields and provided benefits to potato quality when compared with MOP or SOP as a K source in a common fertilizer blend.

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