744 PB 076 IDENTIFICATION OF BOTH ACID AND NEUTRAL INVERTASE ACTIVITY IN DEVELOPING STRAWBERRY FRUIT

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 539f-539
Author(s):  
Kirk W. Pomper ◽  
Patrick J. Breen
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Assimilate Transport ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Neutral Invertase ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Cold Acetone ◽  
Ripe Stage ◽  
Sugar Levels

Invertase (INV) may influence sugar levels and assimilate transport in strawberry fruit. Several groups, including our own, have only detected acid INV (optimum pH 4.6) in strawberry fruit, however, recently Hubbard et al. (Physiol. Plant. 82:191-196, 1991) reported the presence of a neutral INV (pH 7.5). Since dissimilar isolation protocols may have contributed to the different findings, we re-examined our work with developing `Brighton' strawberry using the extraction procedure of Hubbard et al. Neutral INV activity per gFW (pH 7.5-8.0) increased many fold as fruit developed from green to the red ripe stage. Acid INV activity decreased markedly from green-white to the red stage. In addition, when fruit extracts were precipitated with cold acetone, a pellet contained 60% of the acid INV activity, and a surface coagulation of protein contained 60% of the neutral INV activity. This allowed easy separation of these two enzymes. Extraction methodologies affect isolation of neutral INV activity from strawberry fruit.

Internodal invertases and stalk maturity in sugarcane

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Sehtiya ◽  
J. P. S. Dendsay ◽  
A. K. Dhawan
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Neutral Invertase ◽  
High Enzyme ◽  
Stem Slices ◽  
High Enzyme Activity

SUMMARYAcid and neutral invertase activities in the stem of an early (CoJ 64) and a late cultivar (Col 148) of sugarcane were estimated by incubating stem slices in buffered sucrose solution and measuring the production of reducing sugars. High enzyme activity occurred in young tissue but the activity of both enzymes was considerably lower in the mature internodes. Acid and neutral invertase activity was highest in the midinternode position, corresponding to the region of cell expansion.

Hydrolytic Proteins of Sugarcane: The Acid Invertases

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-307
Author(s):  
Alex G. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Acid Invertase ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Yeast Invertase ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Polysaccharide Hydrolysis

Invertase has been extracted from meristem, leaf, sheath, node, and internode tissue of sugarcane. The meristem was the richest source for invertase acting under both acidic (pH 4.65) and neutral (pH 7.0) conditions. Acid invertase was extracted from meristem with water after the samples had been frozen, lyophilized, ground to a fine powder, and sonified in a powder-water suspension. Virtually all invertase was precipitated from solution with ammonium sulfate below 55-percent saturation. Acid invertase was precipitated primarily between 30- and 52-percent saturation. Within the acid-invertase preparation, two distinct enzymes were demonstrated, one, α-glucosidase, "taka-invertase", which attacks the glucose end of the sucrose molecule, and the other, ß-fructosidase, "yeast invertase", attacking the fructose end. ß-fructosidase is predominant by about 2 to 1. The possibility that α-glucosidase takes part in the degradation of glucosidically linked oligosaccharides, or products of polysaccharide hydrolysis, is discussed. Optimum pH for the acid-invertase preparation lay between 4.75 and 5.5. Optimum temperature was 44° C, and substrate concentration about 80 µmoles of sucrose per milliliter of digest. Invertase was inhibited by iodide, lead, and mercury at concentrations of 1.0, 0.5, and 0.0003 µmole/ml. of digest, respectively. Iodide inhibition was completely reversed by increasing substrate concentration, and lead inhibition was partly reversed. The inhibitory effects of mercury were not reversible. Arsenic and tungsten also inhibited invertase, but at relatively high concentrations, 5.0 and 10.0 µmoles/ml. of digest, respectively. Manganese doubled invertase activity at 0.5 µmole/ml. of digest, and as little as 0.005 µmole markedly stimulated the reaction. Prolonged dialysis (36 hours) against distilled water reduced invertase activity by about 95 percent. Added manganese revived the activity and stimulated the enzyme beyond predialysis levels. Activity was also revived by sucrose, maltose, galactose, glucose, and fructose, when these were added to the dialyzed enzyme. It was concluded that the active, acid-invertases are protein-sugar-manganese complexes, in which the protein constituent is virtually inactive in the absence of either manganese or sugar.

Microbial Populations of Botrytis cinerea-Inoculated Strawberry Fruit Exposed to Four Volatile Compounds†

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1352-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. NTIRAMPEMBA ◽  
B. E. LANGLOIS ◽  
D. D. ARCHBOLD ◽  
T. R. HAMILTON-KEMP ◽  
M. M. BARTH
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Volatile Compound ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Compound Control ◽  
Ripe Stage ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Plastic Containers ◽  
Sample Time

Aerobic, microaerophilic, coliform, and mold populations of Botrytis cinerea -inoculated strawberry fruit not exposed (control) or exposed to low and high quantities of four volatile compounds during storage at 2°C were determined after storage for 7 days and after removal of the volatile and transfer to 22°C for 3 days. Fruit harvested at the ripe stage were inoculated with 106 conidia B. cinerea per ml and were placed in plastic containers containing no volatile compound (control) or two quantities of (E)-2-hexenal (10 or 100 μl), (E)-2-hexenal diethyl acetal (30 or 300 μl), benzaldehyde (30 or 300 μl), or methyl benzoate (12 or 60 μl). The fruit containers were overwrapped with a low-density polyethylene film, sealed, stored at 2°C for 7 days, and then transferred to 22°C for 3 days. Aerobic, microaerophilic, and coliform populations of fruit exposed to volatile compounds tended to be lower than the Controls after storage at 2°C for 7 days and, depending on the volatile compound, similar, lower, or higher than the Controls after transfer and storage at 22°C. However, due to variability in initial aerobic, microaerophilic, and coliform populations of the fruit used in the different trials (P < 0.05), none of the differences between control and treatment and between treatments within a sample time were significant (P > 0.05). Strawberry fruit exposed to 100 μl of (E)-2-hexenal was the only treatment that did not show a significant increase in mold populations after transfer and storage at 22°C for 3 days. Additional studies are needed to determine if (E)-2-hexenal can be used in combination with other postharvest storage conditions, such as low temperature and controlled/modified atmosphere, to delay mold spoilage and extend the shelf life of the strawberry.

scholarly journals The effects of straw-returning and inorganic K fertilizer on the carbon–nitrogen balance and reproductive growth of cotton

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei HU ◽  
Chaoran YU ◽  
Wenqing ZHAO ◽  
Ruixian LIU ◽  
Changqin YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Acid Invertase ◽  
Assimilate Transport ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Crop Straw ◽  
K Fertilizer

Abstract Background Many studies have indicated that straw-returning could meet part or even all of the potassium (K) demand for crop growth in the field, but few have compared the effects of crop straw as K source and inorganic K fertilizer on carbon–nitrogen (C–N) balance of cotton and the reproductive growth. To address this, field experiments were conducted using the cotton cultivar, Siza 3, under there treatments (CK as control group one, no crop straw and inorganic K fertilizer were applied; K150 as control group two, 150 kg·ha−1 of K2O was applied; and W9000, 9 000 kg·ha−1 wheat straw, which could provide K2O about 150 kg·ha−1, was incorporated into soil). Results Although the final reproductive organ biomass did not differ between W9000 and K150, W9000 had a higher ratio of reproductive organ biomass to total biomass (RRT), suggesting that straw-returning was more conducive to the allocation of biomass to reproductive organs. The theoretical maximum biomass of reproductive organ was higher, but the average and maximum accumulation rates of reproductive organ biomass were 2.8%∼8.3% and 2.5%∼8.2% lower under W9000 than K150. Also, the duration of rapid-accumulation period for reproductive organ biomass (T) was 2.0∼2.8 d longer under W9000 than K150, which was a reason for the higher RRT under W9000. Straw-returning altered the dynamics of leaf K with the growth period, so that W9000 had a more drastic effect on leaf C metabolism than K150. Consequently, lower soluble sugar/free amino acid and C/N ratios were measured under W9000 than K150 at boll-setting (BSS) and boll-opening (BOS) stages. Higher leaf net photosynthetic rate, sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase activities, and lower acid invertase activity were observed under W9000 than K150 at BSS and BOS and these were more conducive to sucrose accumulation. However, less sucrose was measured under W9000 than K150 at these stages. This should be because straw-returning promoted the assimilate transport capacity when compared with inorganic K fertilizer application, which also explained the higher RRT under W9000 than K150. The lower acid invertase activity under W9000 inhibited the conversion of sucrose to other sugars, hence lower contents of soluble sugar and starch were measured under W9000 than K150. Conclusion Under low K condition, crop straw as K source can increase the assimilate transport from source to sink, leading to lower C/N ratio in leaf and higher allocation of biomass to reproductive organs than inorganic K fertilizer.

RAT INTESTINAL SUCRASE: I. INTESTINAL DISTRIBUTION AND REACTION KINETICS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 905-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. R. Blair ◽  
J. Tuba
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Arrhenius Equation ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Sucrase Activity ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Intestinal Sucrase

A study of the distribution of sucrase (invertase) activity in the small intestine of the rat and of sucrase reaction kinetics was conducted. Sucrase activity was measured in water homogenates of 10-cm sections of the intestine. The sucrase activity of normal adult male rats was associated mainly with the first half of the small intestine (measured from the pylorus) and decreased to negligible amounts at the ileocolic end. A trace of sucrase activity was found in the colon, but other rat tissues examined lacked the enzyme.The third 10-cm section of the small intestine (measured from the pylorus) was used as a source of enzyme for studies of reaction kinetics. The optimum pH for intestinal sucrase was 6.25 under the conditions used. The optimum substrate concentration was 0.12 M (4.1%) to 0.5 M (17.1%) sucrose, and the Km was 0.0128 M. At the sucrose concentration used for routine assays (0.161 M) the enzyme action was zero order for a period of at least 20 minutes. Sucrase action followed the Arrhenius equation at temperatures between 5° and 37 °C, and an activation energy of 10,100 calories per mole was calculated.

scholarly journals Plant regulators and invertase activity in sugarcane at the beginning of the harvest season

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1788-1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glauber Henrique Pereira Leite ◽  
Carlos Alexandre ◽  
Costa Crusciol ◽  
Gabriela Ferraz de Siqueira ◽  
Marcelo de Almeida Silva
Keyword(s):  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Acid Invertase ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Sugarcane Variety ◽  
Growth Inhibitors ◽  
Soluble Acid Invertase ◽  
Neutral Invertase ◽  
Soluble Acid ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
High Sucrose

Invertases play an essential role in partitioning photosynthates between storage and growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of acid and neutral invertases and the role they play in controlling the accumulation of sucrose in sugarcane as a result of the application of plant regulators in the beginning of the cropping season.A randomized block experimental design was adopted, with five replicates.The treatments consisted in the application of three plant regulators of the class of growth inhibitors (Sulfomethuron-methyl - 20g ha-1, Glyphosate - 0.4L ha-1, and Compounds from organic carboxylic radicals + Glyphosate - 1L ha-1 + 0.15L ha-1), in addition to a control (natural ripening).The acid and neutral invertase levels are affected in different ways and intensities, due to the active principle used as ripening agent and to the weather conditions.In sugarcane variety RB85-5453, with the conditions described in this experiment, it is suggested high levels of soluble acid invertase in relation to levels of neutral invertase; however, the first was characterized by high sucrose content in the stalks.Inverse correlation could be established for sugarcane variety RB85-5453 between soluble acid invertase levels and effective sucrose accumulation in the stalks.

Reduced neutral invertase activity in the culm tissues of transgenic sugarcane plants results in a decrease in respiration and sucrose cycling and an increase in the sucrose to hexose ratio

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Rossouw ◽  
Jens Kossmann ◽  
Frederik C. Botha ◽  
Jan-Hendrik Groenewald
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Transgenic Sugarcane ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Neutral Invertase ◽  
Transgenic Lines

Transgenic sugarcane plants (Saccharum officinarum L. interspecific hybrids) were regenerated from previously described cell lines with reduced neutral invertase (NI) activity. The effects that were observed in the differentiated culm tissues at different stages of maturity paralleled those observed across the growth cycle of the suspension cultures. Reduced NI activity correlated with an increase in sucrose and a decrease in hexose levels. However, the magnitude of the reduction in enzyme activity and the accompanying changes in carbohydrate metabolism were not as pronounced as in the suspension cultures. Feeding experiments with radio-labelled fructose provided evidence that the cycling of sucrose as well as the total respiration rate correlated directly with NI activity. Sucrose synthase activity was upregulated in the transgenic plants, possibly to compensate for the reduction in invertase activity. Despite this partial compensation, the respiratory rates of the transgenic lines were still significantly lower than those of the untransformed control lines. This study clearly demonstrates the importance of NI in directing carbon towards respiratory processes in the sugarcane culm. In addition, this is the first report in which data obtained from genetically modified sugarcane suspension cell cultures and their regenerated, whole-plant counterparts are compared. The observed correlations support the use of cell cultures as a model system for sugarcane internodes, which could significantly accelerate reverse genetic studies on sugarcane carbohydrate metabolism in the future.

scholarly journals Activity invertase and amylase in Marandu grass under shading and nitrogen fertilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e42496
Author(s):  
Florence Taciana Veriato Coura ◽  
Daniela Deitos Fries ◽  
Rodrigo Diego Quoos ◽  
Fábio Andrade Teixeira ◽  
Aureliano José Viera Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Neutral Invertase

The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of invertases and amylases in Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu under various shade and nitrogen fertilization conditions. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using a 4 x 2 factorial scheme (shading levels of 0, 30, 50, and 80% and fertilization with 0 and 100 kg N ha-1). The activity of the enzymes, cytosol-neutral invertase (Inv-N), vacuole acid (Inv-V) and cell-acidic acid (Inv-CW), reducing sugars (RS), and α and β-amylases were evaluated (α = 0.05). The interaction was significant for Inv-N within the leaf. In the first cycle, the highest activity was in fertilized plants with 30, 50, and 80% shading. For Inv-CW in the 1st cycle, the highest activity occurred with 0, 30, and 50% shading. However, the interaction for Inv-V leaf activity was not significant in the 1st and 2nd cycles. The highest activity observed for Inv-V was in the fertilized plants, suggesting that fertilization increased the enzymatic activity. The activity of the invertases increased both under 30-50% shaded conditions and in full sun. Furthermore, invertase activity was directly linked to the osmoregulatory system. The reduction in RS was related to a low photosynthetic rate, and an increase α and β-amylase was associated with the use of reserve energy sources to meet energetic needs.

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