Growth Analysis of Tomatoes Grown in Black Polyethylene and Hairy Vetch Mulches

Dry weight and leaf area of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants grown on raised beds with black polyethylene (BP) or hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) (HV) mulches were measured at weekly intervals during 1993 and 1994. Leaf area and foliage, fruit, and total weight of tomato plants grown in BP were greater early in the season, but less later in the season than plants grown in HV. The relative growth rate of tomatoes in HV was higher throughout most of each year than that in BP. There was little difference between treatments in unit leaf rate (rate of weight gain per unit leaf area). The growth rate of fruit per unit of tomato foliage was greater in BP than HV, whereas the leaf area to weight ratio was greater in HV than BP. These results suggest that tomatoes grown in BP produce greater early yield because of greater early foliage growth and greater partitioning to fruit than HV. However, tomatoes grown in HV eventually outgrow and outyield those in BP because of greater partitioning to and maintenance of leaf area throughout the season.

Download Full-text

Growth Analysis of Wheat Using Machine Vision: Opportunities and Challenges

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20226501 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (22) ◽

pp. 6501

Author(s):

Mohammad Ajlouni ◽

Audrey Kruse ◽

Jorge A. Condori-Apfata ◽

Maria Valderrama Valencia ◽

Chris Hoagland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Machine Vision ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Relative Growth Rate ◽

Growth Analysis ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Projected Area ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Leaf Dry Weight

Crop growth analysis is used for the assessment of crop yield potential and stress tolerance. Capturing continuous plant growth has been a goal since the early 20th century; however, this requires a large number of replicates and multiple destructive measurements. The use of machine vision techniques holds promise as a fast, reliable, and non-destructive method to analyze crop growth based on surrogates for plant traits and growth parameters. We used machine vision to infer plant size along with destructive measurements at multiple time points to analyze growth parameters of spring wheat genotypes. We measured side-projected area by machine vision and RGB imaging. Three traits, i.e., biomass (BIO), leaf dry weight (LDW), and leaf area (LA), were measured using low-throughput techniques. However, RGB imaging was used to produce side projected area (SPA) as the high throughput trait. Significant effects of time point and genotype on BIO, LDW, LA, and SPA were observed. SPA was a robust predictor of leaf area, leaf dry weight, and biomass. Relative growth rate estimated using SPA was a robust predictor of the relative growth rate measured using biomass and leaf dry weight. Large numbers of entries can be assessed by this method for genetic mapping projects to produce a continuous growth curve with fewer replicates.

Download Full-text

Growth relationships in silver maple seedlings fumigated with O3 and SO2

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x83-042 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 298-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

K. F. Jensen

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Relative Growth Rate ◽

Growth Analysis ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Ozone Treatment ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Silver Maple ◽

The Impact

Growth analysis was used to measure the impact of low levels of ozone, alone and with sulfur dioxide, on the growth of silver maple (Acersaccharinum L.) seedlings. The seedlings were fumigated for up to 60 consecutive days with cither 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 ppm ozone, alone and with 0.1 ppm SO2 for 12 h per day. Dry weight and leaf area development curves were calculated from data collected at 10-day intervals throughout the study. Growth analysis variables were calculated from these curves. Three variables, relative growth rate, relative leaf area growth rate, and relative leaf weight growth rate, were reduced by 0.2 ppm ozone and decreased even further when 0.1 ppm SO2 was applied. Neither the 0.05 nor 0.1 ppm ozone treatment decreased the relative growth rate of the silver maple seedlings. Even small differences in growth rate may produce large differences in dry matter accumulation over a growing season.

Download Full-text

Analysis of interspecific variation in plant growth responses to nitrogen

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b01-134 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 34-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Daniel R Taub

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Relative Growth Rate ◽

Specific Leaf Area ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Response Ratio ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Unit Leaf ◽

Leaf Weight Ratio ◽

Low Nitrogen

Plant species differ greatly in their growth responses to nutrients, but little is known about the physiological and morphological factors that are responsible for this variation. To address this question, I measured the responses to added nitrogen of relative growth rate and three of its components (specific leaf area, unit leaf rate, and leaf weight ratio) for 17 C3 grass species. Plants were grown in sand culture in a greenhouse and were fertilized daily with either 5 or 0.05 mM NH4NO3. For most species, growth response to nitrogen was primarily associated with an increased mass allocation to leaves at high versus low nitrogen. Across all species, the average response at high versus low nitrogen was a 37% increase in leaf weight ratio, a 12% increase in unit leaf rate, and a 4% decrease in specific leaf area. Interspecific differences in growth response to nitrogen, however, were associated primarily with species differences in the response of unit leaf area to nitrogen supply. I determined the nitrogen response ratio of each parameter as the value of the parameter at high nitrogen divided by the value at low nitrogen. The rank-order correlation between the unit leaf area response ratio and the relative growth rate response ratio was 0.88. Reanalysis of previous experiments on plant nutrient response showed a similar pattern. In all studies, interspecific variation in the response of relative growth rate to nutrients was associated primarily with interspecific differences in the plastic response of unit leaf area.Key words: leaf weight ratio, net assimilation rate, plant growth analysis, relative growth rate, specific leaf area, unit leaf rate.

Download Full-text

Growth Analysis of Tomatoes in Black Polyethylene and Hairy Vetch Production Systems

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.4.659 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 659-663 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

John R. Teasdale ◽

Aref A. Abdul-Baki

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Growth Analysis ◽

Production Systems ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Hairy Vetch ◽

Fresh Market ◽

Vicia Villosa ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Unit Leaf

Growth analysis was used to document growth responses of staked, fresh-market tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to black polyethylene or hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) mulches. Leaf area and dry mass of vegetation and fruit were measured weekly during two growing seasons. Growth was better early in the season but worse later in the season for plants grown with black polyethylene than with hairy vetch mulch. Unit leaf rate (rate of growth per unit leaf area) of fruit was higher with black polyethylene than with hairy vetch, whereas the reverse was true of vegetation. This relationship led to a higher leaf area ratio and leaf area duration of plants grown with hairy vetch than with black polyethylene. Consequently, tomatoes grown with black polyethylene produced higher early yield because of increased partitioning to fruit. However, tomatoes grown with hairy vetch eventually outgrew and outyielded those grown with black polyethylene because of increased partitioning to leaf area.

Download Full-text

Growth and Development of Organic Arsenical-Susceptible and -Resistant Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Biotypes Under Noncompetitive Conditions

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00039361 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 154-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

William E. Haigler ◽

Billy J. Gossett ◽

James R. Harris ◽

Joe E. Toler

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Reproductive Potential ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growing Season ◽

Xanthium Strumarium ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Growth Development

The growth, development, and reproductive potential of several populations of organic arsenical-susceptible (S) and -resistant (R) common cocklebur biotypes were compared under noncompetitive field conditions. Plant height, leaf area, aboveground dry weights, and relative growth rate (RGR) were measured periodically during the growing season. Days to flowering, bur dry weight, and number of burs per plant were also recorded. Arsenical S- and R-biotypes were similar in all measured parameters of growth, development, and reproductive potential. Populations within each biotype varied occasionally in plant height, leaf area, aboveground dry weights, and reproductive potential.

Download Full-text

Fitness Cost of Imazamox Resistance in Wild Poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10121859 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1859

Author(s):

Saeid Hassanpour-bourkheili ◽

Mahtab Heravi ◽

Javid Gherekhloo ◽

Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz ◽

Rafael De Prado

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Specific Leaf Area ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Area Ratio ◽

Fitness Cost ◽

Seed Plant ◽

Growth Indices ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Net Assimilation

Wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) is a difficult-to-control weed in soybean production in Brazil that has developed resistance to herbicides, including acetolactate synthase inhibitors. We investigated the potential fitness cost associated to the Ser-653-Asn mutation that confers imazamox resistance in this weed. Plant height, leaf and stem dry weight, leaf area and seed production per plant as well as the growth indices of specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, relative growth rate and net assimilation in F2 homozygous resistant (R) and susceptible (S) wild poinsettia progenies were pairwise compared. S plants were superior in most of the traits studied. Plant heights for S and R biotypes, recorded at 95 days after planting (DAP), were 137 and 120 cm, respectively. Leaf areas were 742 and 1048 cm2 in the R and S biotypes, respectively. The dry weights of leaves and stems in the S plants were 30 and 35%, respectively, higher than in the R plants. In both biotypes, the leaves had a greater share in dry weight at early development stages, but from 50 DAP, the stem became the main contributor to the dry weight of the shoots. The R biotype produced 110 ± 4 seed plant−1, i.e., 12 ± 3% less seeds per plant than that of the S one (125 ± 7 seed plant−1). The growth indices leaf area ratio and specific leaf area were generally higher in the S biotype or similar between both biotypes; while the relative growth rate and net assimilation rate were punctually superior in the R biotype. These results demonstrate that the Ser-653-Asn mutation imposed a fitness cost in imazamox R wild poinsettia.

Download Full-text

Growth Analysis of Mayweed Chamomile (Anthemis cotula) Interference in Peas (Pisum sativum)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500052103 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 394-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Alex G. Ogg ◽

Randall H. Stephens ◽

David R. Gealy

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Growth Analysis ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Field Peas ◽

Flower Stem ◽

Weak Competitor ◽

Crop Harvest

Destructive growth analysis of field replacement series experiments with mayweed chamomile and dry field peas was used to determine the competitive relationship between the two species. Mayweed chamomile produced similar amounts of leaf area and dry weight per plant in a dry year and a wet year. On the other hand, dry field peas produced 20% more leaf area and 100% more dry weight per plant in the wet year compared to the dry year. Height, leaf area, and dry weight of peas reached maximum between bloom and pod-set, and then declined. Height and dry weight of mayweed chamomile increased steadily throughout the growing season. Mayweed chamomile leaf area reached a maximum at the beginning of flower stem elongation. Initially, the relative growth rate of mayweed chamomile was about three times greater than the rate for peas, but by 40 to 48 d after planting, rates were similar for both species. Relative yields and relative crowding coefficients for dry weight showed that peas were 3 to 20 times more aggressive than mayweed chamomile. Results of these experiments show that mayweed chamomile is a weak competitor against peas, but because it continues to grow after peas senesce, it could interfere with crop harvest.

Download Full-text

Growth Analysis and Photosynthesis Measurements of Cucumber Seedlings Grown under Light with Different Red to Far-red Ratios

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.51.7.843 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (7) ◽

pp. 843-846 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Toshio Shibuya ◽

Ryosuke Endo ◽

Yoshiaki Kitaya ◽

Saki Hayashi

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Unit Leaf Area ◽

Cucumber Seedlings ◽

Unit Leaf ◽

Net Assimilation ◽

Normal Light

Light with a higher red to far-red ratio (R:FR) than sunlight reduces plant growth, but the cause has not been firmly established. In the present study, cucumber seedlings were grown under normal light (similar to sunlight; R:FR = 1.4) from metal-halide lamps or high-R:FR light (R:FR = 4.3) created by transmitting their light through FR-absorbing film, and then their growth parameters and photosynthesis were compared. The relative growth rate (RGR) at high R:FR was 92% of that under normal R:FR, although the net assimilation rate (NAR) did not differ between the treatments, indicating that changes in net photosynthesis per unit leaf area did not cause the growth inhibition at high R:FR. The CO2 exchange per unit leaf area did not differ between the treatments, which supports this hypothesis. The leaf area ratio (LAR) of total plant dry weight of high R:FR seedlings to that of normal R:FR seedlings was also 92%. This suggests that growth suppression in the high R:FR seedlings was caused mainly by decreased LAR. The specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf weight ratio (LWR), components of LAR, under high-R:FR light were 89% and 105%, respectively, of those under normal light, indicating that the smaller LAR at high R:FR mainly results from suppressed leaf enlargement per unit leaf dry matter.

Download Full-text

Components of relative growth rate and nitrogen productivity of Brussels sprouts and leeks grown at two widely differing light intensities

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v44i1.555 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 21-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Van Der Werf ◽

C.T. Enserink ◽

A.L. Smit ◽

R. Booij

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Relative Growth Rate ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Growth Chamber ◽

Brussels Sprouts ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Unit Leaf ◽

Growth Chamber Studies

Young vegetative Brussels sprout and leek plants were grown in a growth chamber at a light intensity of 550 micro mol m-2 s-1 or at only 20% of that intensity. In both light treatments, Brussels sprouts had a relative growth rate (RGR) ~90% higher than that of leeks, which was mainly explained by a higher leaf area ratio (LAR; msuperscript 2/kg plant). Only minor differences in the physiological component (net assimilation rate) were observed between the 2 species within a light treatment. The higher LAR of Brussels sprouts was mainly explained by higher specific leaf area. Brussels sprouts had a higher rate of biomass production per unit internal N (N productivity) than leeks. This was mainly explained by a higher allocation of N to leaves and a higher rate of biomass production per unit leaf N. It is suggested that the higher biomass production per unit of N taken up in Brussels sprouts than leeks as observed in the field is explained by higher N productivity. The results obtained from the growth chamber studies are discussed in relation to field experiments and data from the literature.

Download Full-text

Plant Growth Analysis of Jack Been (Canavalia ensiformis L.) at Different Spacing to Determine the Application Time of Cutback Technology

AgroTech Journal ◽

10.31327/atj.v4i1.907 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

N. Nurmuliana ◽

Muh. Akhsan Akib

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Growth Analysis ◽

Assimilation Rate ◽

Area Index ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Jack Bean ◽

Canavalia Ensiformis ◽

Bean Plants ◽

Net Assimilation

AbstractThe growth of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis L) is affected by genetic and environmental factors. One of the environmental factors involved is growing space. Growing space related to each plant of areas occupied is stated by the distance between plants. A Research has been conducted as long three months in dry season with average daily temperature of 25 to 31OC on altitude of 25 to 500 meter, to determine the timing of the application of cutback technology based on an analysis of growth of jack bean plants (Canavalia ensiformis L) in different growth spaces. The research was conducted in the trial form using a randomized block design. Variables of plants growth analysis observed is leaf area index (LAI), leaf area is computed by gravimetric method; net assimilation rate (NAR), and relative growth rate (RGR) is determined based on the dry weight of plants; in all three rooms grew, namely 75 cm x 100 cm (control), 75 cm × 75 cm and 75 cm × 50 cm, each repeated three times. The result shows that the trend of leaf area index increased at net assimilation rate (g-1.cm-2.week-1) and relative growth rate (g-1.g-1.minggu-1) decreasing at the time the plant to the age 8 weeks after planting. The best time for the application of reduction technology to jack bean plants (Canavalia ensiformis L) in all tested growing spaces, is recommended when plants are between 7 and 8 weeks after planting

Download Full-text