scholarly journals Growth and Nutrient Status of Containerized Shrubs Grown in Composts Containing Waxed Corrugated Cardboard and Other Organic Wastes

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 894F-895
Author(s):  
D.A. Raymond ◽  
C. Chong ◽  
R.P. Voroney
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Physocarpus Opulifolius ◽  
Corrugated Cardboard

Four containerized deciduous ornamental shrubs, [silverleaf dogwood (Cornus alba L. `Argenteo-marginata'), red-osier dogwood (Comus sericea L.), ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius L.), and deutzia (Deutzia gracilis L.)] were grown in 12 composts containing (by volume) spent mushroom substrate (50%), waxed corrugated cardboard (WCC; 0%, 25%, or 50%), and/or pulverized wood wastes (PWW; 50%, 25%, and 0%). Supplemental N as poultry manure and/or soybean wastes was added to some composts. Growth (shoot dry weight, average of two seasons) of all species was better or similar in most composts compared with two controls (100% pine bark and 80% pine bark: 15% peat: 5% sand). Deutzia grew best in 50% WCC composts and other species in 25% WCC composts. Porosity characteristics of the composts were acceptable for container growing (50% to 60% total; 25% to 30% aeration). Total soluble salts were initially high and potentially phytotoxic, particularly in the 50% WCC composts but were quickly leached and resulted in no injury to plants. There were no symptoms of nutrient deficiencies or toxicities in any of the species tested. Foliar nutrient (N, I P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Fe) concentrations in all species were within normal ranges, except for low Mn and Fe concentrations in red-osier dogwood during the second season.

scholarly journals Use of Ground Miscanthus Straw in Container Nursery Substrates

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Altland ◽  
James C. Locke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Foliar Nutrient

Abstract Pine bark (PB) is the primary component in nursery substrates in the United States. Availability of pine bark is decreasing and price is increasing. The objective of this research was to determine if miscanthus straw (MS) can replace all or part of the pine bark fraction in nursery container substrates. Five substrates were created that contained 15% sphagnum peatmoss, 5% municipal solid waste compost, and the remaining 80% consisted of one of the five following PB:MS ratios: 0:80, 20:60, 40:40, 60:20, and 80:0. Luna Red hibiscus (Hibiscus moscheutos) were grown in each substrate and evaluated for eight weeks in a greenhouse. Ground MS increased air space and decreased container capacity and bulk density as its concentration in the substrate increased. Additions of MS did not affect hibiscus chlorophyll content, and had negligible effects on hibiscus foliar nutrient levels. Increasing levels of MS caused a decrease in plant shoot dry weight, although growth reduction was most pronounced with 80% MS. Ground MS has potential to be a suitable substrate for nursery growers, however, some changes to management practices will be necessary.

Effects of Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) on Growth, Yield, and Nutrient Status of Transplanted Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik ◽  
Krishna N. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Field studies were conducted to determine the effects of various barnyardgrass populations on growth, yield, and nutrient concentration of transplanted “Jetstar’ tomato. Barnyardgrass densities at 16, 32, and 64 plants/m tomato row were tested in 1982 and 1983. Barnyardgrass shoot fresh weights/unit area increased as density increased. Fresh weight of barnyardgrass shoots ranged from 17 100 kg/ha at 16 plants/m of row to 35 500 kg/ha at 64 plants/m of row. At the vegetative stage, tomato shoot dry weight was unaffected by barnyardgrass. As crop growth progressed, tomato shoot dry weight decreased at all barnyardgrass densities. Season-long interference of barnyardgrass reduced marketable tomato fruit number and fruit weight at all densities compared to weed-free plots. Reductions in marketable fruit weight ranged from 26% to 16 plants/m row to 84% at 64 plants/m row. In 1982, concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in tomato shoots were unaffected by season-long interference of barnyardgrass at all densities. However, in 1983, concentrations of N and K decreased and concentration of P increased in tomato leaves as the density of barnyardgrass increased. Concentrations of Ca and Mg in tomato leaves were unaltered by barnyardgrass density.

Sclerophylly and Foliar Nutrient Status of Mediterranean-Climate Plant Communities in Southern Australia

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Specht ◽  
PW Rundel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Foliar Phosphorus ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Leaf Specific Area

An increase (percentage dry weight) in both lignin and cellulose (with a greater proportion of cellulose than lignin being formed) is associated with a decrease in the concentration of phosphorus (and of other related elements) per unit dry weight in the leaves of sunlit overstorey species, of both sclerophyll and savannah communities in the mediterranean climate of southern Australia. Simultaneously, crude protein decreases. Leaves become increasingly sclerophyllous (with a higher Sclerophyll Index), with lower crude protein (cytoplasm) per unit dry weight; thicker leaves with lower leaf specific area result. The degree of sclerophylly per unit foliar phosphorus content is a little higher in understorey species which are partially shaded by the overstorey canopy.

scholarly journals Differential Responses of Pak Choi and Edible Amaranth to an Elevated Temperature

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
San-Gwang Hwang ◽  
Hsiao-Chien Chao ◽  
Huey-Ling Lin
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
White Leaf

Global surface temperatures are predicted to increase by 1 to 4 °C by the year 2100. To unravel the risks from rising temperature to Taiwan’s summer leafy vegetable production, the phenotypical and physiological responses of two leafy crops, pak choi (Brassica chinensis L. cv. Quanzhou) and edible amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L. cv. White leaf), were compared under an elevated temperature. A temperature increase from 28 to 32 °C resulted in lower leaf calcium, magnesium, and manganese concentrations (dry weight basis) in pak choi without significant changes in shoot dry weight, suggesting potential negative effects of the elevated temperature on pak choi leaf nutrient status. However, increased temperature promoted both root and leaf growth in edible amaranth, which may be beneficial to its yield, making edible amaranth a potential summer leafy vegetable crop for Taiwan. Furthermore, a temperature change from 28 to 32 °C resulted in a higher leaf nitrate concentration in edible amaranth, because of the lower nitrate reductase activity (NRA). Thus, suitable nitrogen fertilization rates and programs under elevated temperature conditions should be reconsidered in the future. To sum up, a future rise in summer temperatures may impose negative impacts on pak choi leaf nutrient status but positive impacts on edible amaranth production.

scholarly journals 822 PB 269 PINE BARK SOIL AMENDMENTS AND NUTRITION AFFECT GROWTH AND DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF VIBURNUM PLICATUM VAR. TOMENTOSUM `MARIESII'

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 551b-551
Author(s):  
Carleton B Wood ◽  
Timothy J. Smalley ◽  
Mark Rieger
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Ammonium Toxicity ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiencies ◽  
Water Contents

Container-grown Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum `Mariesii' were planted in tilled beds and tilled beds amended with aged pine bark. After transplanting, plants were fertilized at three different rates: no fertilizer, 18.4 g of N m-2, and 36.8 g of N m-2. A 31 day drought was begun 73 days after planting. Fertilization of tilled plots induced ammonium toxicity, which caused a linear reduction in leaf area, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight. Fertilization of amended plots had no effect on shoot growth but reduced mot growth by 54%; thus, amendments ameliorated ammonium toxicity. Between 10 and 28 days after beginning the drought, plants in unfertilized-amended plots maintained higher relative leaf water contents (RLWC) and relative leaf expansion rates (RLER) than plants in unfertilized-tilled plots. Amendment induced nitrogen deficiencies contributed to the increased drought tolerance of plants from unfertilized-amended plots. Since fertilized plants developed symptoms of ammonium toxicity, we were unable to determine if increasing fertility would counteract the drought tolerance conferred by pine bark soil amendments.

scholarly journals 407 Nitrogen Retention and Release by Paper Pellets in the Bottom of Nursery Containers

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 463B-463
Author(s):  
J.O. Glenn ◽  
C.H. Gilliam ◽  
J.H. Edwards ◽  
G.J. Keever ◽  
J. Olive ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Total N ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrate N

Recycled paper pellets in the bottom of containers were evaluated for retention of N from container leachate. `Formosa' azalea were transplanted on 15 Apr. in 2.8-L containers in a pine bark/peat substrate (3:1; v/v). Treatments included paper (0 or 2.5 cm depth) in the bottom of containers and two rates of Osmocote 18–6–12 (0.68 kg or 1.36 kg N/yd3). Immediately after transplanting, plants were topdressed with 3.2 g of 12–4–6 fertilizer. Data collected included leachate samples every 2 weeks for NO3-N and NH4-N levels and destructive sampling every 4 weeks for shoot dry weight, foliar N, and total paper N. Nitrate-N and NH4-N leachate concentrations were reduced with the 0.68 kg N/yd3 fertilizer rate and with paper. For example, 28 days after planting (DAP) NO3-N leachate concentrations were reduced 36% with the 0.68 kg N/yd3 fertilizer rate and 46% with paper in the bottom of containers. NH4-N in the leachates was reduced 53% with the 0.68 kg N/yd3 fertilizer rate and 59% with paper. Azalea shoot dry weight was not affected by paper or fertilizer rate up to 112 DAP; however, as the study progressed, plants with paper in the bottom of containers grew larger than plants in no paper treatments (29% at 168 DAP, 31% at 196 DAP). Total N absorbed by paper was not affected by fertilizer rate, and peaked at 168 DAP [980 (0.68 kg N/yd3) to 1066 (1.36 kg N/yd3) mg per container, or 41% – 28% of applied N], after which it began to decline. This decline in paper N was associated with greater growth of azalea with paper.

scholarly journals Growth response of black velvet tamarind (Dialium guineense Willd) seedling to different potting media

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. U. Osaigbovo ◽  
C. N. C. Nwaoguala
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Potting Media

The response in growth and development of seedlings of Dialium guineense to different potting media was studied in the screen house. Five potting media: River sand (Rs), Top soil (Ts), Poultry manure (Pm), Rice husk (Rh) and Oil palm refuse bunch (OPRB) were used. They were evaluated as sole treatments and in combination with river sand (Rs) in different ratios (1:1, 1:2, 2:5 and 5:2) respectively. Altogether, twenty one (21) potting media types were evaluated. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) in three replications. Data were collected on monthly basis for plant growth parameters, while shoot and root dry weight were measured at the end of the experiment. On the average the seedlings of D. guineense responded best on the Rs + Ts 1:2 growth medium in number of leaves (16.67), stem girth (0.31 cm), number of nodes (11.67), shoot dry weight (1.24 g) and root dry weight (0.50 g). Rs + Ts 1:2 was followed by Rs + Pm 1:1 and Ts sole respectively with respect to the growth parameters evaluated and were not significantly (p 0.05) from one another, but were significantly (p < 0.05) different from other media and their combinations with river sand.

scholarly journals Growth of tomato seedlings in substrates containing a nanocomposite hydrogel with calcium montmorillonite (NC-MMt)

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
Raphael AC Melo ◽  
Marçal HA Jorge ◽  
Adriel Bortolin ◽  
Leonardo S Boiteux ◽  
Caue R Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Nanocomposite Hydrogel ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

ABSTRACT The correct use of hydrogels in some situations can increase seedling survival rates, plant growth, and the water-retention capacity of the growing medium. A technique for the production of a nanocomposite hydrogel using calcium montmorillonite (NC-MMt) was recently developed. However, additional research is necessary in order to validate this innovative input, particularly for the production of vegetable crops seedlings. In this context, the main objective of the present study was to evaluate the growth and development of seedlings, tomato hybrid ‘BRS Nagai’, in substrates containing different amendments of hydrogel NC-MMt. The trial was conducted in a 3x3 factorial arranged in a complete randomized blocks design, with three replications. Three substrates (peat moss, pine bark, and coconut peat) corresponded to the first factor and three rates of the NC-MMt hydrogel (0%= R1, 1.5%= R2 and 2.0%= R3, on a w/w basis) corresponded to the second factor. Each plot was composed of 16 plants that were assessed after three weeks. Overall, peat moss-based and pine bark-based substrates resulted in higher values for most of the analyzed traits: plant emergency percentage, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, plant height/shoot dry weight ratio, root dry weight, shoot dry weight/root dry weight ratio and the Dickinson Quality Index. Rates of NC-MMt hydrogel displayed significant responses only to root superficial area and root volume. NC-MMt hydrogel amendment (mainly 1.5%) combined with specific substrates (mainly peat moss-based substrate) was able to improve the growth of ‘BRS Nagai’ tomato seedlings, with no observed toxic effects.

scholarly journals Arcillite: Effect on Chemical and Physical Properties of Pine Bark Substrate and Plant Growth

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Ted E. Bilderback
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of arcillite, a calcined montmorillonite and illite clay, on the physical and chemical properties of a pine bark growth substrate and plant growth. To accomplish this, Cotoneaster dammeri ‘Skogholm’ and Rhododendron sp. ‘Sunglow’ were potted into pine bark substrate amended with 0, 27, 54, 67 or 81 kg/m3 (0, 45, 90, 112 or 136 lbs/yd3) arcillite. Plants were irrigated every l, 2, or 4 days. Container capacity, available water, and bulk density increased with increasing arcillite rate. Air space decreased with increasing arcillite rate. Total porosity and unavailable water were not affected by arcillite. Substrate NH4, NO3, P, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations increased with decreasing irrigation frequency. Substrate NH4, P, and K concentrations increased with increasing arcillite rate suggesting that arcillite improved retention within the container substrate. Azalea ‘Sunglow’ shoot dry weight decreased linearly with decreasing irrigation frequency and increased curvilinearly with increasing arcillite with maximum dry weight occurring at 67 kg/m3 (l12 lbs/yd2). Cotoneaster ‘Skogholm’ shoot dry weight increased linearly with increasing arcillite rate at 2 and 4 day irrigations and curvilinearly at 1 day irrigation with maximum weight at 67 kg/m3 (112 lbs/yd2).

scholarly journals Plant Response to Container Planting Method and Media

1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Keever ◽  
G.S. Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Method ◽  
Relative Root

Abstract Shoot dry weight and relative root density of Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Compacta’ and Rhododendron obtusum (Lindl.) Planch. ‘Hino Crimson’ were greater when liners were transplanted into holes with a core removed (excavated) compared to holes formed by compression (dibbled). Growth index, relative root density, and shoot dry weight increased as the percent pine bark in the growth media increased from 50% to 80 or 90% pine bark with holly and from 50% to 90% pine bark with azalea. Bulk density decreased and air porosity and irrigation frequency increased as the percent pine bark in pine bark:sandy loam container media increased from 50% to 100%. In a second experiment, root density and shoot dry weight of Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Helleri’, but not Rhododendron × ‘Trouper’, were greater in pine bark and pine bark-sandy loam media when the planting hole was excavated rather than dibbled. Plant growth of the 2 species in peat-based media was not influenced by planting method.

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