scholarly journals Inheritance of Male Sterility in Lesquerella fendleri

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 483C-483
Author(s):  
D.A. Dierig ◽  
P.M. Tomasi ◽  
T.A. Coffelt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Lesquerella Fendleri ◽  
Alternative Crop ◽  
Hybrid Plants

Lesquerella fendleri (Gray) Wats., Brassicaceae, is a potential oilseed crop native to the southwestern U.S. The seed oil contains hydroxy fatty acids, similar to castor. Unique properties of the oil, along with coproducts, allow additional applications that would not be in competition with castor. Plants with vestigial anthers were discovered in a bulk population growing in the greenhouse in 1993. The inheritance of the trait was investigated the following three crop seasons. Crosses were made among sterile and fertile plants and reciprocals among fertile plants. Chi-square results indicate the male sterility trait is expressed by a recessive nuclear gene with cytoplasmic influence restoring fertility. Cytoplasmic male sterile lines can be utilized for development of hybrids. Development of lines without male sterility should lead to higher yields than current bulk populations of lesquerella. Hybrid plants and higher yields will enhance the commercialization potential of this new, alternative crop.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Male Sterility in Lesquerella fendleri

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 738-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Dierig ◽  
Pernell M. Tomasi ◽  
Dennis T. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Lesquerella Fendleri ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Hybrid Development

Lesquerella fendleri (Gray) Wats. (lesquerella, Brassicaceae), native to the southwestern United States, is a potentially useful industrial oilseed crop. The seed oil contains hydroxy fatty acids, similar to castor (Ricinus communis L.) seed oil. The unique properties of the oil, along with coproducts, allow additional applications that would not compete with castor oil. Plants with vestigial anthers (male-sterile) were discovered in a greenhouse-grown, nonselected population in 1993. The inheritance of the trait was investigated through four crop seasons. Crosses were made among male-sterile and male-fertile plants from an open pollinated population, thus, they were heterozygous for many traits. Statistical analysis indicated that male sterility is expressed as a result of two nonlinked nuclear genes with epistatic relations and different cytoplasms, which cause partial or total fertility restoration. These ratios fit a 13:3 epistatic ratio, indicating that male sterility is controlled by homozygous recessive alleles at one locus in combination with at least one dominant allele at the second locus, i.e., ms1ms1 Ms2_. Some cross results were skewed in favor of fertile phenotypes presumably due to cytoplasmic effects causing partial fertility restoration. Male-sterile lines could be used for hybrid development and this information will be helpful in implementing a strategy for hybrid development. Hybrid plants and higher yields will enhance the potential for commercialization of this new alternative crop.

Analysis of mitochondrial DNA, chloroplast DNA, and double-stranded RNA in fertile and cytoplasmic male-sterile sunflower (Helianthus annuus)

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory G. Brown ◽  
Howard Bussey ◽  
Lee J. DesRosiers
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
Chloroplast Dnas

The extent of variation in the mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs), chloroplast DNAs (ctDNAs), and double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) of sunflower lines carrying fertile and male-sterility conferring cytoplasms was examined. To minimize nuclear gene effects, efforts were concentrated on two chromosomally isogenic lines, CM400 (fertile) and cmsCM400 (male sterile), which differ only in their cytogenes. A circular 1.45 kilobases (kb) plasmid DNA was found in the mitochondria of the four fertile lines examined, but was absent in the male-sterile line. Restriction enzyme analysis of mtDNAs of the fertile and male-sterile cytoplasms with BamHI, EcoRI, and HindIII revealed no fragment mobility differences between them other than those which could be ascribed to the 1.45-kb circle. Similar restriction analysis of ctDNA showed no differences between fertile and male-sterile cytoplasms. Both CM400 and cmsCM400 contain dsRNA molecules. The number and sizes of these dsRNAs varied from preparation to preparation in both lines. Species of 3.3 and 1.5 kb, which were the only dsRNAs common to all preparations from CM400, were also the only species common to all preparations from cmsCM400. Thus, no consistent differences between the fertile and male-sterile cytoplasms were seen in these molecules. The specific association of the 1.45-kb plasmid with fertile cytoplasm together with the absence of variation in ctDNA and dsRNA, suggests the involvement of mtDNA in sunflower cytoplasmic male sterility.Key words: DNA (mitochondrial), sterility (male), sterility (cytoplasmic), Helianthus, sunflower, DNA chloroplast.

scholarly journals CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY IN BARLEY. XI. THE msm2 CYTOPLASM

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-295
Author(s):  
H Ahokas
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Restorer Gene ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Partial Restoration ◽  
Restoration Ability ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT A new cytoplasmic male sterility in barley (Hordeum vulgare s.l.) is described and designated as msm2. The cytoplasm was derived from a selection of the wild progenitor of barley (H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum). This selection, 79BS14-3, originates from the Southern Coastal Plain of Israel. The selection 79BS14-3 has a normal spike fertility in Finland. When 79BS14-3 was crossed by cv. Adorra, the F1 displayed partial male fertility and progeny of recurrent backcrosses with cv. Adorra were completely male sterile. Evidently 79BS14-3 is a carrier of a recessive or semidominant restorer gene of fertility. The dominant restorer gene Rfm1a for another cytoplasmic male sterility, msm1, is also effective in msm2 cytoplasm. The different partial fertility restoration properties of msm2 and msm1 cause these cytoplasms to be regarded as being distinct. Seventy spontaneum accessions from Israel have been studied for their capacity to produce F1 restoration of male fertility both in msm1 and in msm2 cytoplasms with a cv. Adorra-like seed parent (nuclear gene) background. The msm2 cytoplasm shows partial restoration more commonly than msm1 in these F1 combinations. The mean restoration percentage per accession for msm2 is 28, and for msm1 4. Most of the F1 seed set differences of the two cytoplasms are statistically significant. When estimated with partially restored F1 combinations, msm2 cytoplasm appeared to be about 50 times more sensitive to the male fertility-promoting genes present in the spontaneum accessions. The spontaneum sample from Central and Western Negev, which has been found to be devoid of restoration ability in msm1 cytoplasm, had only low partial restoration ability in msm2 (mean 0.3%). The female fertility of msm2 appears normal. The new msm2 cytoplasm could be useful in producing hybrid barley.

scholarly journals ESTIMATES OF OUTCROSSING AND MALE STERILITY FREQUENCY IN LESQUERELLA FENDLERI

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 646f-646
Author(s):  
David A. Dierig ◽  
Anson E. Thompson ◽  
Earl R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Gene Frequency ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Outcrossing Rate ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Initial Estimate ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Lesquerella Fendleri

Genetic markers have not yet been described for Lesquerella fendleri (Gray) Wats. a potential new industrial oilseed crop. Seeds of this species are also utilized as a primary component in some desert wildflower seed mixes. Allozyme variation was analyzed for aconitase (ACO), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), and phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI). Four codominant loci, useful as markers, were clearly resolved. In an open-pollinated population, an outcrossing rate and pollen gene frequency was obtained from 20 random families, using these loci. This initial estimate indicated that seed production primarily resulted from outcrossing. Male sterility was discovered in six bulk populations derived from single plant selections. The frequency of this trait, which could affect the outcrossing rate, was found to occur in 15 percent of the plants. Additional populations will be analyzed for validation.

Variability in seed oil content and fatty acid composition, phenotypic traits and self-incompatibility among selected niger germplasm accessions

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-354
Author(s):  
Victoria G. Benelli ◽  
Fred L. Allen ◽  
Ming Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Self Incompatibility

AbstractNiger (Guizotia abyssinica, L.) is a desirable oilseed crop for birdseed, especially for finches (Spinus spp.) because of its high ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids and relatively high oil content. In 2012, phenotypic traits, seed oil and fatty acid content measurements were made on 14 plant introductions (PIs) from the United States Department of Agriculture germplasm collection. The PIs originated in Ethiopia (ten), India (three) and USA (one). The phenotypic traits analysed included seed/plant, branches/plant, capitula/plant1, average seed/capitulum and plant height. After initial assessments of the 14 PIs, three were selected for use as parents to produce two one-way and two two-way F1 crosses for the purpose of evaluating self-incompatibility (SI). Parent and F1 progeny seeds were planted in a greenhouse and transplanted to a field site at the East Tennessee Research and Education Center (2012, 2013 and 2014). Comparisons from 2012 showed seed oil of the 14 PIs ranging from 32.9 to 37.9% (PI 508076 (Ethiopia) and PI 509436 (India), respectively). Major fatty acids included stearic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic; with linoleic acid in highest amount. PI508079 (Ethiopia) had the best combination of seed yield, seed oil and linoleic acid content. Over 2013 and 2014, SI ranged from 91.1 to 100.0%. W6 18860 (USA) had the most self-compatibility, and the F1 plants generated from crosses between W6 18860 and other plants tended to be self-compatible when the former was used as a pollen recipient. The results obtained from this study should be useful for niger breeding and production purposes.

scholarly journals Increasing Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Contents in Hexaploid Camelina sativa Seed Oil by FAD2 Gene Knockout Using CRISPR-Cas9

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeong-Ryeol Lee ◽  
Inhwa Jeon ◽  
Hami Yu ◽  
Sang-Gyu Kim ◽  
Hyun-Sung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Selection Marker ◽  
Egg Cell ◽  
Oilseed Crop

Seed oils are used as edible oils and increasingly also for industrial applications. Although high-oleic seed oil is preferred for industrial use, most seed oil is high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and low in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) such as oleic acid. Oil from Camelina, an emerging oilseed crop with a high seed oil content and resistance to environmental stress, contains 60% PUFAs and 30% MUFAs. Hexaploid Camelina carries three homoeologs of FAD2, encoding fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2), which is responsible for the synthesis of linoleic acid from oleic acid. In this study, to increase the MUFA contents of Camelina seed oil, we generated CsFAD2 knockout plants via CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing using the pRedU6fad2EcCas9 vector containing DsRed as a selection marker, the U6 promoter to drive a single guide RNA (sgRNA) covering the common region of the three CsFAD2 homoeologs, and an egg-cell-specific promoter to drive Cas9 expression. We analyzed CsFAD2 homoeolog-specific sequences by PCR using genomic DNA from transformed Camelina leaves. Knockout of all three pairs of FAD2 homoeologs led to a stunted bushy phenotype, but greatly enhanced MUFA levels (by 80%) in seeds. However, transformants with two pairs of CsFAD2 homoeologs knocked out but the other pair wild-type heterozygous showed normal growth and a seed MUFAs production increased up to 60%. These results provide a basis for the metabolic engineering of genes that affect growth in polyploid crops through genome editing.

scholarly journals Characterization and transcriptome analysis of a dominant genic male sterile cotton mutant

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinqi Cheng ◽  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
Fei Xue ◽  
Shouhong Zhu ◽  
Yanjun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Cytological Observation ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Tetrad Stage ◽  
Go Terms

Abstract Background : Male sterility is an efficient trait for hybrid seed production and germplasm innovation. Until now, most studies on male sterility were on cytoplasmic and recessive genic sterility, with few on dominant genic male sterility, especially in cotton, due to lack of such mutant.Results : We discovered a natural male sterile (MS) Sea Island cotton ( G. barbadense ) mutant, Genetic analysis showed the mutation was caused by a dominant mutation in a single nuclear gene. Comparative cytological observation of anther sections from MS and WT uncovered cellular differences in anther at and after the tetrad stage of pollen mother cells (PMC). In the MS anthers, the outer wall of pollen grains was free of spinules, the tapetum was vacuolated and showed delayed degradation, consequently, no functional pollen grains. Comparison of transcriptomes from meiosis, tetrad, mononuclear and binuclear pollen, and pollen maturation stages identified 13,783 non-redundant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between MS and WT. Based on the number of DEGs, analyses of enriched GO terms and KEGG pathways, it was evident that significant transcriptomic changes occurred at and after the tetrad stage, consistent with cytological observation, and that the major differences were on metabolism of starch, sucrose, ascorbate, aldarate, alanine, aspartate and glutamate, and biosynthesis of cutin, suberine and wax. WGCNA analysis identified five modules containing 920 genes highly related to anther development, especially the greenyellow module with 54 genes that was highly associated with PMC meiosis and tetrad formation. A NAC transcription factor ( Gh_D11G2469 ) was identified as a hub gene for this module, which warrants further functional characterization.Conclusions : We demonstrated that the MS trait was controlled by a single dominant nuclear gene and caused by delayed tapetum degradation at the tetrad stage. Comparative transcriptome analysis and gene network construction identified DEGs, enriched GO terms and metabolic pathways, and hub genes potentially associated with anther development and the MS trait, which will contribute to important ideas and basis of the experimental data related to the molecular mechanism of DGMS and the innovation of cotton germplasm resources.

scholarly journals Fatty acid composition of milk thistle seed oil obtained with cold pressing

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
N. L. Kleymenova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Cold Pressing

Milk thistle seeds are a unique source of biologically active substances. The oilseed crop studied is used in various fields, both for food purposes, animal husbandry and in medicine. The characteristics of milk thistle oil were considered in the work. Milk thistle seeds are known to contain 35% vegetable oil (seed fat). The oil was obtained with cold pressing. Milk thistle seed oil was chosen as the object of study. Using an experimental extruder, the oil was obtained under the following modes: the annular gap of the grain chamber - 1.25 mm, the screw rotation speed - 190 rpm, the pressing temperature - 353 K. A comparative study of the fatty acid composition of milk thistle oil components with literary sources was carried out. Gas-liquid chromatography on a Chromotek 5000 device was used to determine the composition of the components according to the GOST 31665-2012 method. The calculation for the components of milk thistle oil  on the basis of which the chromatograms were obtained for the amount of fatty acids was made. It was found out that the characteristics of the test sample are comparable with the literature data, but they also have differences, since other fatty acids were found in the oil. 24 fatty acids were identified by gas chromatographic analysis. The following ratio of fatty acids was determined: linoleic - 53%, oleic - 26%, palmitic - 8%, stearic (5%), arachidic (3%) and behenic (2%). The sample under study contains saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. According to the results of the vitamin composition analysis  milk thistle oil contains vitamins A, E and K and minor β-carotene traces which are a valuable source for diet and preventive nutrition.

scholarly journals Development of Genic Male-sterile Watermelon Lines with Delayed-green Seedling Marker

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.P. Zhang ◽  
B.B. Rhodes ◽  
W.V. Baird ◽  
H.T. Skorupska ◽  
W.C. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Green Is ◽  
Green Seedling ◽  
Segregation Ratios ◽  
Pale Green

Hybrid seed production can be facilitated by using male sterility coupled with a seedling marker. This research was initiated to combine the ms male sterility and dg delayed-green seedling marker into watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] lines. Male-sterile plants of the male-sterile line G17AB were crossed with plants of delayed-green breeding line Pale90, which has yellow cotyledons and pale-green, newly developed, true leaves. The double-recessive recombinants, male sterile and delayed green, from the F2 population were backcrossed to the male-fertile plants of G17AB. The pedigree method was used for selection in the progenies. The segregation ratios obtained from F2 and BC1F2 populations suggest that the male-sterile and delayed-green traits are inherited independently and that delayed green is inherited as a single recessive nuclear gene. Two male-sterile watermelon lines with delayed-green seedling marker have been developed. These lines will provide a convenient way to introduce male sterility and the delayed-green seedling marker into various genetic backgrounds. These two lines can be used for testing the efficiency of a new, hybrid, watermelon, seed production system.

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