scholarly journals Fruit Fresh Mass—Diameter Relationship for `Royal Gala' Apple across Seasons and among Fruit Production Regions of New Zealand

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1169-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.N. De Silva ◽  
D.S. Tustin ◽  
W.M. Cashmore ◽  
C.J. Stanley ◽  
G. Lupton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Form ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Single Function ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Potential Use

A number of mass—diameter equations were compared for their potential use in indirect measurement of fruit masses of `Royal Gala' apple (Malus ×domestica). The fruit fresh-mass—diameter relationship changed with time during the season, hence no single function fitted the data well. Smooth piecewise functions that assume different relationships for intervening segments of a curve bounded by knots on the x-axis are particularly useful for modeling such data. The curve is said to be smooth because the first derivative of the function is continuous on the interval, including the knots. Two such equations, a three-parameter piecewise power function and a five-parameter spline exponential function, provided good fits to data. For both equations, the estimated mean bias on individual fruit predictions was within 5% of predicted mass over the two validating data sets. As for the precision conditional on no bias, a sample size of 20 fruit gave standard errors within 2.5% of mean predicted mass. These precisions are adequate to meet the industry requirements for monitoring fruit mass through the growing season. There was evidence of a seasonal difference in the estimated bias, but we were unable to confirm that this variation resulted from seasonal differences in fruit shape. Application of these two equations to data from other regions suggested that divergence from the estimated functional form may in fact be greater under increasingly different climatic conditions. Hence, further investigations to identify possible sources of these differences are necessary before the proposed equations can be applied across climatically different regions.

scholarly journals Adaptability and stability of peach and nectarine cultivars in subtropical climate

Revista CERES ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Gonçalves Pires Matias ◽  
Claudio Horst Bruckner ◽  
Danielle Fabíola Pereira da Silva ◽  
Pedro Crescêncio Souza Carneiro ◽  
João Alison Alves de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Length ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Phenotypic Stability ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Fruit Mass

ABSTRACT Information on adaptability and stability of fruit production in different environments or years is crucial to increasing agricultural production potential. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is interaction between cultivars and years, as well as to assess the stability of peach and nectarine cultivars regarding fruit fresh mass, SS/TA ratio, and cycle length in Viçosa -MG, Brazil. The characteristics fruit fresh mass (FM), soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio (SS/TA), and cycle length (CL) were evaluated in 28 cultivars of peach and two cultivars of nectarine from the orchard of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, in 2011, 2012, and 2013. The methods used to determine the phenotypic stability across time were Eberhart & Russell (1966) and the Traditional. The interaction cultivars x years was significant for all traits. Cultivar ‘Josefina’ showed broad adaptability for SS/TA ratio, and cultivars ‘Flordaprince’ and ‘Tropical’ for cycle length. For favorable environments, the cultivars ‘Capdebosq’ and ‘Maciel’ are indicated regarding the characteristic fruit mass, and ‘Coral’ and ‘Talismã’ for SS/TA ratio. ‘Rubimel’ was adaptable to unfavorable environments regarding fruit mass.

scholarly journals Yield and quality of the Tetsukabuto squash fruits induced with 2,4-D doses under dry conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-277
Author(s):  
Roberto CF Queiroga ◽  
Gabriel D Silva ◽  
Auderlan M Pereira ◽  
Ricardo RP Almeida ◽  
Ariano B Silva
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Fruit Mass

ABSTRACT Squashes and pumpkins are known and grown worldwide, including the Tetsukabuto type, a hybrid of Japanese origin. On this work, we evaluated yield and quality of parthenocarpic fruits of hybrid Tetsukabuto developed with the use of 2,4-D doses, in the climatic conditions of the Brazilian semiarid, in the city of Pombal, state of Paraíba, Brazil. The experiment was carried out from February to May 2013, in complete blocks at random and five replications. Treatments corresponded to five 2,4-D doses (0, 90, 180, 270, and 360 mg/L) applied to female flowers, and a control treatment, where fruits developed out of insect pollinated flowers. We evaluated number of flowers per plant, duration of flowering, number of fruits per plant (used to estimate number of fruits per hectare), fruit set index, fruit mass and transversal and longitudinal diameters, pulp thickness and content of soluble solids, total fruit production and yield. Number of fruits per plant and fruit mass increased 269.5 and 15.4%, respectively, with 212.1 mg/L and 360.0 mg/L of 2,4-D, when compared to the control treatment. Increasing the 2,4-D dose from 0.0 to 241.4 mg/L resulted in 38.2% rise in plant production. Correlations were significant only for number of flowers x number of fruits per plant (NF) and NF x yield, with coefficients of 87.5 and 82.7%, respectively. These results indicate that fruit induction using 2,4-D resulted in higher fruit set, independent of the 2,4-D dose applied.

Toxicity, Uptake, and Distribution of Simazine in Canna hybrida `King Humbert': Implications for Phytoremediation

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 484e-485
Author(s):  
Patrick C. Wilson ◽  
Ted Whitwell ◽  
Steven J. Klaine
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Potential Use

This research focuses on the potential use of Canna hybrida `King Humbert' for removing simazine from contaminated water generated at golf courses and ornamental nurseries. Because of simazine's herbicidal activity, it is important for levels in solution not to exceed plant tolerance levels. Tolerance levels for C. hybrida were determined by dosing plants for 7 d with 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg simazine/L nutrient media. Measurements of 7-d fresh mass production and photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) were taken. Simazine uptake and distribution within the plant was determined by dosing plants with 2.03 mCi 14C-simazine (0.243 mg/L) for 1, 3, 5, or 7 d. Plant tissues were analyzed by combustion and liquid scintillation counting. Fresh mass production was reduced 66% and 78% for plants exposed to 1.0 and 3.0 mg/L, respectively. Likewise, photosynthetic efficiency was reduced to 66% and 40% of the controls at the same respective concentrations. Plant uptake of simazine accounted for 13%, 34%, 48%, and 65% of the original simazine in the dosing solution after 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-d exposure, respectively. This simazine was distributed primarily between roots and leaves.

scholarly journals Melon fruit yield and quality as a function of doses and times of biostimulant application

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e130973911
Author(s):  
Roberto Cleiton Fernandes de Queiroga ◽  
Zaqueu Lopes da Silva ◽  
Odair Honorato Oliveira de ◽  
Elidayane da Nóbrega Santos ◽  
Higínio Luan Oliveira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Fruit Mass

The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity and quality of melon fruits as a function of the dose and time of application of biostimulant in the conditions of the semi-arid region of Paraíba. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Campina Grande, campus of Pombal - PB, Brazil, in a randomized block design in a 4 x 5 split plot scheme, with doses of biostimulant (0; 0.5; 1.0; 1, 5 and 2.0 L ha-1) and in the subset of the biostimulant application times (15; 20; 25 and 30 days before harvest - DAC), in four replications. Characteristics related to fruit production and quality were evaluated. There was no interaction between the factors of dose and application time of the biostimulant in any of the evaluated characteristics. Thus, the highest estimated values of number of fruits per plant, fruit mass and total melon production were obtained with the application of doses ranging from 0.9 to 1.5 L ha-1 and at the time of application it varied from 22,5 to 23.6 DAC. The content of soluble solids increased 5.5% when the biostimulant dose of 2.0 L ha-1 was used and 4.4% when the product was applied 15 days before harvest.

scholarly journals Intention, Principle, Outputs and Aims of the Experimental Pavilion Research of Building Envelopes Including Windows for Wooden Buildings

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Štaffenová ◽  
Ján Rybárik ◽  
Miroslav Jakubčík
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Time Period

AbstractThe aim of experimental research in the area of exterior walls and windows suitable for wooden buildings was to build special pavilion laboratories. These laboratories are ideally isolated from the surrounding environment, airtight and controlled by the constant internal climate. The principle of experimental research is measuring and recording of required physical parameters (e.g. temperature or relative humidity). This is done in layers of experimental fragment sections in the direction from exterior to interior, as well as in critical places by stable interior and real exterior climatic conditions. The outputs are evaluations of experimental structures behaviour during the specified time period, possibly during the whole year by stable interior and real exterior boundary conditions. The main aim of this experimental research is processing of long-term measurements of experimental structures and the subsequent analysis. The next part of the research consists of collecting measurements obtained with assistance of the experimental detached weather station, analysis, evaluation for later setting up of reference data set for the research locality, from the point of view of its comparison to the data sets from Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMU) and to localities with similar climate conditions. Later on, the data sets could lead to recommendations for design of wooden buildings.

Stereological Analysis of the Dermal System of Fruit of the Grape Vitis vinifera L.

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Considine
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Single Function ◽  
Periclinal Chimeras ◽  
Fruit Size And Shape ◽  
Fruit Surface

Changes in cell vdume and shape in different layers of the dermal system of the grape Vitis vinifera have been analysed in relation to position along the radius of the fruit and fruit shape. Fruit surface area was found to be a function of changes in both cell area and cell number, though cell number effects were predominant. Cell volume generally increased exponentially from the epidermis inwards, though no single function adequately described the pattern for all cultivars. Deviations from a continuous pattern of change of volume were compatible with the possible occurrence of polyploid periclinal chimeras or endoploids. These results suggest that differences in cellular structure were determined by mechanisms that were independent of potential stresses associated with differences in fruit size and shape.

scholarly journals Anomalies and trends of high river flow under temperate climatic conditions in north-eastern Romania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionuț Minea ◽  
Oana Elena Chelariu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource Management ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Pi Index ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
High River Flow

Abstract Regional water resource management plans include various scenarios related to the anomalies and trends of hydro-climatic parameters. Two methods are used for the identification of the anomalies and trends associated with high flow (annual and seasonal) of the rivers in Eastern Romania, namely the quantile perturbation method (QPM) and the partial trend method (PMT). These methods were selected due to the fact that they are suitable for data sets which do not rely on restrictive statistical assumption as common parametric and nonparametric trend tests do. For six of the nine stations analyzed, the decreasing trend in high extremes for annual high flow based on the PTM is the same as the annual trend obtained with the QPM. Using the PI index (associated with PTM) for the estimation of trend intensity, values between −2.280 and −9.015 m3/s were calculated for the decreasing trend of the annual high flow and between +1,633 m3/s (in autumn) and −9.940 m3/s (in summer) for the seasonal high flow. The results obtained on the anomalies and trends of high river flow may represent a starting point in the analysis of the evolution of water resources and their effective management.

scholarly journals Demographic Seasonality

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Fellman
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Number Of Births

AbstractThe seasonality of demographic data has been of great interest. It depends mainly on the climatic conditions, and the findings may vary from study to study. Commonly, the studies are based on monthly data. The population at risk plays a central role. For births or deaths over short periods, the population at risk is proportional to the lengths of the months. Hence, one must analyze the number of births (and deaths) per day. If one studies the seasonality of multiple maternities, the population at risk is the total monthly number of confinements and the number of multiple maternities in a given month must be compared with the monthly number of all maternities. Consequently, when one considers the monthly rates of multiple maternities, the monthly number of births is eliminated and one obtains an unaffected seasonality measure of the rates. In general, comparisons between the seasonality of different data sets presuppose standardization of the data to indices with common means, mainly 100. If one assumes seasonality as ‘non-flatness’ throughout a year, a chi-squared test would be an option, but this test calculates only the heterogeneity and the same test statistic can be obtained for data sets with extreme values occurring in consecutive months or in separate months. Hence, chi-squared tests for seasonality are weak because of this arbitrariness and cannot be considered a model test. When seasonal models are applied, one must pay special attention to how well the applied model fits the data. If the goodness of fit is poor, nonsignificant models obtained can erroneously lead to statements that the seasonality is slight, although the observed seasonal fluctuations are marked. In this study, we investigate how the application of seasonal models can be applied to different demographic variables.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF LEGUMES WITH POTENTIAL USE AS GREEN MANURE IN THE COASTAL TABLELANDS OF PIAUÍ STATE, BRAZIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAURO SERGIO TEODORO ◽  
KARINA NEOOB DE CARVALHO CASTRO ◽  
JOÃO AVELAR MAGALHÃES
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Assessment Period ◽  
Soil Sustainability ◽  
Phenological Cycle ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
Potential Use

ABSTRACT Green manure may lead to physical, chemical, and biological improvements to the soil. However, the information on its use in the Brazilian Northeast is scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the phenological cycle and phytomass productivity of seven legume species. This study was conducted in the second semester of 2015 in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications. Plant height, fresh mass of shoot (FMS), dry mass of shoot (DMS), fresh mass of root (FMR), and dry mass of root (DMR) were determined at 100 days after sowing. Germination, flowering, and pod maturation were also assessed. The highest averages of FMS were observed in Crotalaria breviflora and Crotalaria mucronata, followed by Canavalia ensiformis, whereas the highest averages of DMS were observed in C. breviflora, C. ensiformis, C. mucronata, and Cajanus cajan cv. IAPAR 43. The highest averages of FMR were obtained by C. breviflora and C. mucronata, followed by C. cajan cv. Fava Larga. The species C. mucronata, C. cajan cv. IAPAR 43, and C. breviflora presented the highest averages of DMR. In addition, C. juncea, C. ensiformis, and C. cajan cv. IAPAR 43 were the earlier species regarding flowering, while C. cajan cv. Fava Larga was the later species. C. juncea was the earliest among all studied species regarding pod maturation. The tested legume species obtained promising initial results during the assessment period, being able to meet the expectations of biomass production and contributing to soil sustainability in this region.

scholarly journals Rainfall, Fruiting Phenology, and the Nesting Season of White-Crowned Pigeons in the Upper Florida Keys

The Auk ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Thomas Bancroft ◽  
Reed Bowman ◽  
Richard J. Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Large Peak ◽  
Nesting Patterns ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Nesting Season

AbstractWhite-crowned Pigeons (Columba leucocephala) varied their timing of breeding and nesting intensity in response to variation in production of the four most important fruit species in their breeding-season diet in the upper Florida Keys. From 1988 through 1990, we monitored fruit production year-round in five habitats in which pigeons foraged and monitored all pigeon nests along two transects on Middle Butternut Key. Annually, pigeon breeding was positively correlated with summer rains and with the peak in overall fruit production. However, within the breeding season, only the availability of Metopium toxiferum was positively correlated with rainfall and the number of new clutches initiated. Both the timing and magnitude of breeding varied annually. In 1988, when Metopium was more available, more pigeons nested, the nesting season started earlier and lasted longer, and a large peak in nesting occurred when Metopium fruit ripened. During 1989 and 1990, when the relative availability of Metopium was lower, fewer pigeons nested, the nesting season was shorter, and the seasonal peak in nesting associated with Metopium fruit was reduced or absent. Nesting patterns did not appear to vary with changes in the relative availability of other fruits. White-crowned Pigeons appear to prefer Metopium fruits to other species. Because pigeons do not supplement nestling diets with arthropods, but augment their diets with protein-rich crop milk, they may depend on lipid-rich fruits such as Metopium to provide the energy for breeding and crop-milk production. Metopium fruit production may be influenced by rainfall and climatic conditions, both of which may vary spatially within the range of White-crowned Pigeons in Florida. Evidence that pigeons shift foraging sites when Metopium availability varies emphasizes the need to preserve large tracts of seasonal deciduous forest in the Keys and to protect Metopium trees in suburban areas where they are removed because they cause contact dermatitis in humans.

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