Anomalies and trends of high river flow under temperate climatic conditions in north-eastern Romania

Abstract Regional water resource management plans include various scenarios related to the anomalies and trends of hydro-climatic parameters. Two methods are used for the identification of the anomalies and trends associated with high flow (annual and seasonal) of the rivers in Eastern Romania, namely the quantile perturbation method (QPM) and the partial trend method (PMT). These methods were selected due to the fact that they are suitable for data sets which do not rely on restrictive statistical assumption as common parametric and nonparametric trend tests do. For six of the nine stations analyzed, the decreasing trend in high extremes for annual high flow based on the PTM is the same as the annual trend obtained with the QPM. Using the PI index (associated with PTM) for the estimation of trend intensity, values between −2.280 and −9.015 m3/s were calculated for the decreasing trend of the annual high flow and between +1,633 m3/s (in autumn) and −9.940 m3/s (in summer) for the seasonal high flow. The results obtained on the anomalies and trends of high river flow may represent a starting point in the analysis of the evolution of water resources and their effective management.

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Use of Ornamental Trees in Dating of Abandoned Cemeteries on the Example of Thuja Occidentalis and Thuja Orientalis

Contemporary Trends in Geoscience ◽

10.2478/ctg-2012-0006 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 45-50

Author(s):

Magdalena Opała ◽

Leszek Majgier

Keyword(s):

Climatic Conditions ◽

The Other ◽

Lake District ◽

Thuja Occidentalis ◽

North Eastern ◽

The 1960S ◽

Thuja Orientalis ◽

Ornamental Trees ◽

Common Tree ◽

Local Habitat

Abstract Due to the lack of maintenance, abandoned cemeteries are often incorporated into the landscape. In many cases the information about the age of the cemetery is unavailable. To find out the approximate time of the formation of the cemetery the information recorded in the annual tree and shrub rings can be used. One of the most common tree species, planted for ornamental and symbolic purposes on the cemeteries, are Thuja orientalis and Thuja occidentalis. Alien to the Polish flora, these species adapted well to the local habitat and climatic conditions. The paper presents an attempt to apply dendrochronological dating to determine the age of the abandoned cemeteries in the region of the Great Masurian Lakes, part of the Masurian Lake District (north-eastern Poland). The study included five abandoned cemeteries. In total, 15 cores were taken from the trees. After applying the standard dendrochronological method, local chronologies for the studied species were established. The research indicated that the oldest found specimens - over 70 yrs old - are Thuja occidentalis individuals growing at the Słabowo cemetery. At the other sites the specimens of both Thuja species date back to the 1960s and early 1970s. Compared to the historical information regarding the age and origin of the studied objects, thujas growing there are much younger than the age of the cemeteries foundation. The presented method proved to be very helpful in understanding the time of Thuja occidentalis and Thuja orientalis introduction at the investigated cemeteries.

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Advances on the Implementation of Circular Economy Techniques in Rural Areas in Colombia under a Sustainable Development Framework

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13073816 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 3816

Author(s):

Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri ◽

Camilo-A. Vargas-Terranova ◽

María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero ◽

Paula-A. Bustos-Castro

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Waste Management ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Development Framework ◽

Starting Point ◽

Management Plans ◽

Good Starting Point ◽

Depressed Regions ◽

First Time

For the first time in the scientific literature, this research shows an analysis of the implementation of circular economy techniques under sustainable development framework in six municipalities with a depressed economy in Colombia. The analysis is based on solid waste data production at a local scale, the valuation of the waste for subsequent recycling, and the identification and quantification of the variables associated with the treatment and final disposal of waste, in accordance with the Colombian regulatory framework. Waste generation data are obtained considering three different scenarios, in which a comparison between the simulated values and those established in the management plans are compared. Important differences have been identified between the waste management programs of each municipality, specifically regarding the components of waste collection, transportation and disposal, participation of environmental reclaimers, and potential use of materials. These differences are fundamentally associated with the different administrative processes considered for each individual municipality. This research is a good starting point for the development of waste management models based on circular economy techniques, through the subsequent implementation of an office tool in depressed regions such as those studied.

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Changes in Air Temperature and Snow Cover in Winter in Poland

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12010068 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Arkadiusz M. Tomczyk ◽

Ewa Bednorz ◽

Katarzyna Szyga-Pluta

Keyword(s):

Snow Cover ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Winter Season ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Cover Depth ◽

North Eastern ◽

Northern Regions ◽

Maximum Air Temperature ◽

Snow Cover Depth

The primary objective of the paper was to characterize the climatic conditions in the winter season in Poland in the years 1966/67–2019/20. The study was based on daily values of minimum (Tmin) and maximum air temperature (Tmax), and daily values of snow cover depth. The study showed an increase in both Tmin and Tmax in winter. The most intensive changes were recorded in north-eastern and northern regions. The coldest winters were recorded in the first half of the analyzed multiannual period, exceptionally cold being winters 1969/70 and 1984/85. The warmest winters occurred in the second half of the analyzed period and among seasons with the highest mean Tmax, particularly winters 2019/20 and 1989/90 stood out. In the study period, a decrease in snow cover depth statistically significant in the majority of stations in Poland was determined, as well as its variability both within the winter season and multiannual.

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The predictability of reported drought events and impacts in the Ebro Basin using six different remote sensing data sets

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-21-4747-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 4747-4765 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Clara Linés ◽

Micha Werner ◽

Wim Bastiaanssen

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Data Sets ◽

Drought Management ◽

Ebro Basin ◽

Sensing Data ◽

Drought Impacts ◽

Management Plans ◽

Drought Indicators ◽

Selection Of

Abstract. The implementation of drought management plans contributes to reduce the wide range of adverse impacts caused by water shortage. A crucial element of the development of drought management plans is the selection of appropriate indicators and their associated thresholds to detect drought events and monitor the evolution. Drought indicators should be able to detect emerging drought processes that will lead to impacts with sufficient anticipation to allow measures to be undertaken effectively. However, in the selection of appropriate drought indicators, the connection to the final impacts is often disregarded. This paper explores the utility of remotely sensed data sets to detect early stages of drought at the river basin scale and determine how much time can be gained to inform operational land and water management practices. Six different remote sensing data sets with different spectral origins and measurement frequencies are considered, complemented by a group of classical in situ hydrologic indicators. Their predictive power to detect past drought events is tested in the Ebro Basin. Qualitative (binary information based on media records) and quantitative (crop yields) data of drought events and impacts spanning a period of 12 years are used as a benchmark in the analysis. Results show that early signs of drought impacts can be detected up to 6 months before impacts are reported in newspapers, with the best correlation–anticipation relationships for the standard precipitation index (SPI), the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and evapotranspiration (ET). Soil moisture (SM) and land surface temperature (LST) offer also good anticipation but with weaker correlations, while gross primary production (GPP) presents moderate positive correlations only for some of the rain-fed areas. Although classical hydrological information from water levels and water flows provided better anticipation than remote sensing indicators in most of the areas, correlations were found to be weaker. The indicators show a consistent behaviour with respect to the different levels of crop yield in rain-fed areas among the analysed years, with SPI, NDVI and ET providing again the stronger correlations. Overall, the results confirm remote sensing products' ability to anticipate reported drought impacts and therefore appear as a useful source of information to support drought management decisions.

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Stakeholder involvement in water management: the role of the stakeholder analysis within participatory processes

Water Policy ◽

10.2166/wp.2010.004 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 675-694 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Paola Sabina Lupo Stanghellini

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Stakeholder Participation ◽

Stakeholder Analysis ◽

Stakeholder Involvement ◽

Integrated Water Resources Management ◽

Catchment Management ◽

Analysis Methodology ◽

Management Plans ◽

Future Challenges

Water is a central resource supporting human activities and ecosystems and it is required for different purposes and uses that are often conflicting. Existing water-related problems are expected to increase and conventional water resource management systems are not likely to be able to face future challenges. There is the need for an integrated water resources management, which should be participatory, technically and scientific informed and which should be based on bottom-up approach. The Directive 2000/60/EC is based on principles of integrated planning and calls for stakeholder involvement in water management. Involving stakeholders is an important step to ensure that catchment management plans take into consideration local needs, experiences and interests. This paper presents a stakeholder analysis methodology that was developed to support stakeholder participation in water management. The methodology was implemented as a preliminary step in a stakeholder participation project in an alpine sub-catchment in Northern Italy.

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PREVALANCE OF HEAD AND NECK CANCER IN UPPER ASSAM: AN INSTITUTIONAL STUDY.

10.36106/ijsr/0807612 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 50-51

Author(s):

Ayesha Agarwal ◽

Trishan Paul ◽

Rudra Kanta Gogoi ◽

Rheetwik Baruah ◽

Chiranjeev Baruah

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Medical College ◽

Starting Point ◽

High Prevalence ◽

North Eastern ◽

Total Body

In India, head and neck cancers (HNCA) account for 14.3% cancers at all sites. In North-eastern India, there is a high prevalence of HNCA which can be associated with pervasive habit of using tobacco, lime and betel. The alarmingly high prevalence of cancers of head and neck in this part of India has prompted us to take up this study. Ahospital-based study on prevalence of cancer in various head and neck regions like oropharynx, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, salivary glands and nasal cavity was conducted in Department of Radiation Oncology, Assam Medical College and Hospital from June 2020 to May 2021.The prevalence is found to be signicantly high at 57.59%, affecting males more than females in the age group of 50-59 years. HNCA of hypopharynx and oral cavity constituted a major burden of total body cancer. This study hopes to quantify and analyse the HNCAspectrum and should help as a starting point for a much needed population based study in this region. Acomprehensive effort is required to identify the cause of such high prevalence of HNCAin this region of India, generate awareness and treatment options suited to meet this challenge.

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Two Comprehensive and Practical Methods for Simulating Pan Evaporation Under Different Climatic Conditions in Iran

Water ◽

10.3390/w13202814 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (20) ◽

pp. 2814

Author(s):

Mohammad Hassan Dehghanipour ◽

Hojat Karami ◽

Hamidreza Ghazvinian ◽

Zahra Kalantari ◽

Amir Hossein Dehghanipour

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Pan Evaporation ◽

Linear Quadratic ◽

Climate Type ◽

Method Error ◽

Basic Relationship ◽

Quadratic Relationship

Evaporation from surface water plays a crucial role in water accounting of basins, water resource management, and irrigation systems management. As such, the simulation of evaporation with high accuracy is very important. In this study, two methods for simulating pan evaporation under different climatic conditions in Iran were developed. In the first method, six experimental relationships (linear, quadratic, and cubic, with two input combinations) were determined for Iran’s six climate types, inspired by a multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP-NN) neuron and optimized with the genetic algorithm. The best relationship of the six was selected for each climate type, and the results were presented in a three-dimensional graph. The best overall relationship obtained in the first method was used as the basic relationship in the second method, and climatic correction coefficients were determined for other climate types using the genetic algorithm optimization model. Finally, the accuracy of the two methods was validated using data from 32 synoptic weather stations throughout Iran. For the first method, error tolerance diagrams and statistical coefficients showed that a quadratic experimental relationship performed best under all climatic conditions. To simplify the method, two graphs were created based on the quadratic relationship for the different climate types, with the axes of the graphs showing relative humidity and temperature, and with pan evaporation, were drawn as contours. For the second method, the quadratic relationship for semi-dry conditions was selected as the basic relationship. The estimated climatic correction coefficients for other climate types lay between 0.8 and 1 for dry, semi-dry, semi-humid, Mediterranean climates, and between 0.4 and 0.6 for humid and very humid climates, indicating that one single relationship cannot be used to simulate pan evaporation for all climatic conditions in Iran. The validation results confirmed the accuracy of the two methods in simulating pan evaporation under different climatic conditions in Iran.

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A description of the physical properties of selected sediments of the Weichselian and Wartanian glaciations

Bulletin of Geography Physical Geography Series ◽

10.1515/bgeo-2016-0009 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 123-132

Author(s):

Ewa Labak-Mechowska

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Relative Density ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Plasticity Index ◽

Geotechnical Parameters ◽

Constrained Modulus ◽

North Eastern ◽

Subsurface Sediments ◽

Engineering Parameters ◽

Study Sites

Abstract Subsurface sediments in Poland were deposited mainly in the Pleistocene, and have varying origins and, consequently, differing geological and engineering parameters. Fluvioglacial deposits were formed during both the glacial and interglacial periods, which differed from each other in climatic conditions. Based on the results of laboratory analysis and fieldwork, till and fluvioglacial sands were compared in Central and North-Eastern Poland. The research included consistency limits, relative density, plasticity index, constrained modulus of initial compressibility and modulus of initial deformation. Despite the existing view that there exists a large diversity of geological, engineering and geotechnical parameters of variously-aged deposits in Poland, no major differences in their properties were determined at the study sites.

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Southeast Asia as One of World’s Primary Sources of Biotic Recolonization Following Anthropocene Extinctions

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.3389/fevo.2021.634711 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Şerban Procheş ◽

Syd Ramdhani ◽

Alice C. Hughes ◽

Lian Pin Koh

Keyword(s):

Distribution Patterns ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Habitat Destruction ◽

Conservation Priorities ◽

High Survival ◽

The North ◽

Starting Point ◽

Ancient Lineage ◽

The Face ◽

Lineage Diversity

The plight of Southeast Asia’s animals, plants and ecosystems in the face of unsustainable exploitation and habitat destruction has been illustrated in several recent studies, despite often falling outside the global discourse on global conservation priorities. Here, we collate biogeographic and phylogenetic information to argue that this beleaguered region is one of world’s primary macrorefugia, and possibly its best chance of regaining its natural biodiversity distribution patterns after the current Anthropocene upheaval. The region uniquely combines top diversity values in (a) ancient lineage diversity and (b) cosmopolitan lineage diversity, suggesting that it has acted in the past as a biodiversity museum and source of global colonization. This is at least partly due to the interplay between latitudinal diversity gradients and continental connectivity patterns. However, the peak values in South China/North Indochina for cosmopolitan tetrapods and their sister lineages suggest that a key feature is also the availability of diverse climatic conditions. In particular, the north-south orientation of the mountain ranges here has allowed for rapid recolonization within the region following past climatic changes, resulting in high survival values and overall exceptional relict lineage diversity. From this starting point, global colonization occurred on multiple occasions. It is hoped that, with urgent action, the region can once again fulfill this function.

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Model cascade from meteorological drivers to river flood hazard: flood-cascade v1.0

Geoscientific Model Development ◽

10.5194/gmd-14-4865-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 4865-4890

Author(s):

Peter Uhe ◽

Daniel Mitchell ◽

Paul D. Bates ◽

Nans Addor ◽

Jeff Neal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Models ◽

River Flow ◽

Climate Model ◽

Climate Modeling ◽

Flood Hazard ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Computational Cost ◽

Data Sets ◽

Flood Inundation

Abstract. Riverine flood hazard is the consequence of meteorological drivers, primarily precipitation, hydrological processes and the interaction of floodwaters with the floodplain landscape. Modeling this can be particularly challenging because of the multiple steps and differing spatial scales involved in the varying processes. As the climate modeling community increases their focus on the risks associated with climate change, it is important to translate the meteorological drivers into relevant hazard estimates. This is especially important for the climate attribution and climate projection communities. Current climate change assessments of flood risk typically neglect key processes, and instead of explicitly modeling flood inundation, they commonly use precipitation or river flow as proxies for flood hazard. This is due to the complexity and uncertainties of model cascades and the computational cost of flood inundation modeling. Here, we lay out a clear methodology for taking meteorological drivers, e.g., from observations or climate models, through to high-resolution (∼90 m) river flooding (fluvial) hazards. Thus, this framework is designed to be an accessible, computationally efficient tool using freely available data to enable greater uptake of this type of modeling. The meteorological inputs (precipitation and air temperature) are transformed through a series of modeling steps to yield, in turn, surface runoff, river flow, and flood inundation. We explore uncertainties at different modeling steps. The flood inundation estimates can then be related to impacts felt at community and household levels to determine exposure and risks from flood events. The approach uses global data sets and thus can be applied anywhere in the world, but we use the Brahmaputra River in Bangladesh as a case study in order to demonstrate the necessary steps in our hazard framework. This framework is designed to be driven by meteorology from observational data sets or climate model output. In this study, only observations are used to drive the models, so climate changes are not assessed. However, by comparing current and future simulated climates, this framework can also be used to assess impacts of climate change.

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