scholarly journals 175 Synthetic Mulches Increase Strawberry Yields Compared with Organic Mulches

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 472C-472
Author(s):  
Nancy Roe ◽  
Toby Fojtik ◽  
Johnnie R. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

Affluent “peri-urban” populations in some areas have created new markets for small specialized growers. Although intensive growing systems using drip irrigation and fertigation with new varieties can increase yields, there is also a desire to use systems that are viewed as more sustainable. One way to reduce the environmental impact of intensive systems is to use organic mulches that do not require disposal and can improve soil conditions. `Chandler' strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) transplants were set in raised beds on 28 Oct. 1997. All plots received pre-plant P at 73 kg/ha. Treatments were: hay mulch (HY); a commercial, pelleted, recycled paper mulch (PA); polyethylene mulch (PL); or a woven weed-blocking (WB) fabric, with or without dairy manure compost (22% moisture) at 22 t/ha tilled in before bedding. A total of 184 kg/ha N was applied through the irrigation system in weekly applications during the growing season. The first bloom set was killed by cold on 9 Mar. 1998. Yields from the two synthetic mulch systems (PL = 5502 and WB = 4996 kg/ha) were significantly higher than those from the organic mulches (HY = 2824 and PA = 1735 kg/ha). Mean fruit weight was also higher with synthetic (PL = 10.6 and WB = 10.4g) than organic (HY = 9.5 and PA = 9.0 g) mulches. Factors such as increased weed growth in organic mulches and warmer temperatures in synthetic mulches contributed to increased yields from synthetically mulched plots.

scholarly journals 402 Compost and Solarization Affect Broccoli Head Weight, but Not Yield

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 462B-462
Author(s):  
Nancy Roe ◽  
Johnnie R. Schmidt ◽  
Tobin Fojtik
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Soil Microorganism ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

Some possible alternatives to soil fumigation with methyl bromide include soil solarization and the use of composts to modify soil microorganism populations. We tested combinations of solarization and compost on a broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) crop on an organic farm. Treatments were: solarization with compost (SC); solarization without compost (SW); compost only (NC); and an untreated control (NW). Dairy manure compost was applied manually to compost plots at 22 Mg/ha, raised beds were constructed, and solarization plots were covered with clear polyethylene from 13 July to 26 Aug. Black polyethylene mulch was applied to all plots, covering the clear polyethylene. Broccoli, cv. Packman, transplants were planted into the beds and fertilized with fish emulsion fertilizer three times for a total of ≈22 kg/ha N. Broccoli heads were harvested on 1, 5, and 9 Dec., trimmed to 15 cm, weighed and counted. Marketable yields were 8704, 7117, 8169, and 8374 (kg/ha) and mean head weights were 353, 228, 286, 313 (g) for SC, SW, NC, and NW, respectively. Under these conditions, head weights were highest with compost and solarization, and marketable yields were similar.

INFLUENCE OF DIGGING DATE, CHILLING, CULTIVARS AND CULTURE ON GLASSHOUSE STRAWBERRY PRODUCTON IN NOVA SCOTIA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. CRAIG ◽  
G. L. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Optimal Period ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

A glasshouse experiment conducted from Oct. 1974 to June 1975 showed that strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cvs. Tioga and Sequoia from California yield well under glasshouse conditions in Nova Scotia. The date of digging plants in the fall and the number of days the plants were chilled at 0 C had a significant effect on yield. The optimal period of chilling for Sequoia was longer than that for Tioga. Plants grown in plots mulched with clear polyethylene outyielded plants grown in plots with heating cables or grown in control plots. The highest yield (619 g) per plant was from Tioga dug on 30 Oct, chilled 15 days and grown with clear polyethylene mulch. Sequoia’s average fruit weight (12.3 g) was significantly larger than Tioga’s (10.6 g). Chilling increased average fruit weight significantly.

scholarly journals Potassium Fertigation Requirements of Drip-irrigated Strawberry

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl E. Albregts ◽  
George J. Hochnmth ◽  
Craig K. Chandler ◽  
John Cornell ◽  
Jay Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Petiole Sap ◽  
K Fertilization

`Oso Grande' and `Sweet Charlie' strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) in 1991-92 and `Oso Grande' and `Seascape' in 1992-93 were grown in a K fertilization study using polyethylene-mulched and fumigated beds. Potassium was injected weekly into the drip irrigation system at 0.28,0.56,0.84, 1.12, and 1.40 kg K/ha per day. Early, March, and total-season marketable fruit yields were not affected by K rate during either season. The average fruit weight of `Oso Grande' for the early, March, and total-season harvest periods in the 1992-93 season decreased with increased K rate. For the same harvest periods, `Seascape' average fruit weight increased, decreased, and did not change, respectively, with increased K rate. Cull fruit yield during both seasons and fruit firmness during the 1992-93 season were not affected by K rate. Petiole sap, whole leaf, and leaf blade K concentrations increased with increasing K rates on most sampling dates during both seasons. `Oso Grande' and `Sweet Charlie' produced similar total marketable fruit yields the first season, but `Oso Grande' produced higher total yields than `Seascape' during all harvest periods of the second season.

Dairy Manure Compost Improves Soil and Increases Tall Wheatgrass Yield

2006 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 1090-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Twain J. Butler ◽  
James P. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Tall Wheatgrass

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Soil Salinity/Status Under Various Irrigation Systems in Arid Region of Jamshoro District

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-221
Author(s):  
Aneela Hameem Memon ◽  
Abdul Ghani Soomro ◽  
Reena Majid Memon ◽  
Bakhshal Khan Lashari ◽  
Muhammad Munir Babar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Irrigation Method ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Crop Harvest ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Lower Depth

  The agricultural lands are being affected due to groundwater (GW) quality issues. To address this worldwide problematic situation, various irrigation studies have been practiced to identify the effects on the soil conditions. The current study has been designed to assess the GW quality and soil salinity/sodicity by different irrigation techniques in the remote mountainous area of Jamshoro district at Gul Muhammad Khaskheli farm Thana Boula Khan. The experimental plot was designed under furrow, pitcher and poly ethylene bag irrigation system. These soil characteristics indicated that the drain-ability of the soil was high, with an infiltration rate of 1.60 cm/h and water holding capacity was low. Water samples were collected at each irrigation time from sowing to harvest. The soil understudy was non-saline (ECe < 4.0 dS/m) and non-sodic (pH < 8.0, SAR < 7.5 and ESP < 15.0) before crop sowing in all the three methods of irrigation at all the three sampling depths, i.e., 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-60 cm. Thus, the quality of water used for cultivation of ladyfinger/Okra crop under all irrigation methods was Class-I quality water.The investigated results shown that ECw (electrical conductivity of water) was < 1.5 dS/m, pH < 8.0, SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) < 10.0 and RSC (residual sodium carbonate) were non detective. After crop harvest changed a little bit, change was observed in the soil, i.e., under furrow and pitcher irrigation method, the ECe, SAR. and ESP (exchangeable sodium percentage) decreased in the wetted zone and increased at the wetted periphery. Under the polyethylene bag irrigation method, ECe, SAR and ESP decreased at depths 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm but these increased at lower depth, i.e., 30-60 cm after crop harvest. However, the soil remained non-saline and non-sodic.  

scholarly journals Assessment of a Large Subsurface Controlled Drainage and Irrigation System: III. Water chemistry of the tile effluent and its potential impact on surface water resources

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-45 (2010-2011) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Michael Aide ◽  
Indi Braden ◽  
Neil Hermann ◽  
David Mauk ◽  
Wesley Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Controlled Drainage ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations

Abstract Controlled subsurface drainage irrigation systems promote crop productivity; however, these land management systems also allow an efficient pathway for the transport of elements from soils to surface water resources. The nitrate and macro-element effluent concentrations from tile-drainage involving a 40 ha controlled subsurface drainage irrigation system are described and compared to soil nitrate availability. Soil nitrate concentrations generally show an increase immediately after soil nitrogen fertilization practices and are sufficiently abundant to promote their transport from the soil resource to the tile-drain effluent waters. The data indicates that: (1) the transport of nitrate-N in tile-drain effluent waters is appreciable; (2) denitrification pathways effectively reduce a portion of the soil nitrate-N when the controlled drainage system establishes winter-early spring anoxic soil conditions, and (3) the best strategy for reducing nitrate-N concentrations in tile-drain effluent waters is adjusting N fertilization rates and the timing of their application. The development of bioreactors for simulating wetland conditions may further limit nitrate concentrations in surface waters because of soil drainage.

scholarly journals Relative Performance of Strawberry Genotypes on Fumigated and Nonfumigated Soils

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk D. Larson ◽  
Douglas V. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
History Of ◽  
Replant Problem ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Early Phases

Performance characteristics for 12 strawberry genotypes (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) from the Univ. of California, Davis, strawberry improvement program were evaluated in annual hill culture, with and without preplant soil fumigation using a mixture of 67 methyl bromide:33 chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane) (wt/wt, 392 kg·ha-1). Plants were established at two locations; one trial followed several cycles of strawberry plantation, whereas the other had not been cropped with strawberries for 20 years. Plant mortality was <3% and did not differ between soil treatments; thus, the main effects of fumigation treatment in these experiments were due to sublethal effects of soil organisms. Plants grown in nonfumigated soil produced 51% and 57% of the fruit yield of plants grown in fumigated soil for soils with and without a recent history of strawberry cultivation, respectively. Nonfumigated treatments also had reduced fruit weight and uniformly lower vegetative vigor during the early phases of plantation establishment. Significant genotype x fumigation interactions were not detected for any of the growth or performance traits at either location. Further, the proportion of variance attributable to interactions was at most 25% of that due to variation among genotypes, even for this highly selected population. Genotypic correlations for traits evaluated in different fumigation treatments ranged from 0.80 to 1.00; thus, selection in either soil environment is expected to affect largely the same sets of genes. These results demonstrate that strawberry productivity is substantially increased by fumigation, even in the absence of lethal pathogens or a discernible replant problem. More importantly, there appears to be little opportunity for developing cultivars specifically adapted to sublethal effects of nonfumigated soils.

Differential Survival of Generic E. coli and Listeria spp. in Northeastern U.S. Soils Amended with Dairy Manure Compost, Poultry Litter Compost, and Heat-Treated Poultry Pellets and Fate in Raw Edible Radish Crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Limoges ◽  
Deborah A. Neher ◽  
Thomas R. Weicht ◽  
Patricia D. Millner ◽  
Manan Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Heat Treated

Composted or heat-treated Biological Soil Amendments of Animal Origin (BSAAO) can be added to soils to provide nutrients for fresh produce. These products lower the risk of pathogen contamination of fresh produce when compared with use of untreated BSAAO; however, meteorological conditions, geographic location, and soil properties can influence the presence of pathogenic bacteria, or their indicators (e.g., generic E. coli) and allow potential for produce contamination. Replicated field plots of loamy or sandy soils were tilled and amended with dairy manure compost (DMC), poultry litter compost (PLC), or no compost (NoC) over two different field seasons, and non-composted heat-treated poultry pellets (HTPP) during the second field season. Plots were inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of rifampicin-resistant E. coli (rE.coli) at levels of 8.7 log CFU/m2. Direct plating and most probable number (MPN) methods measured the persistence of rE.coli and Listeria spp. in plots through 104 days post-inoculation. Greater survival of rE. coli was observed in PLC plots in comparison to DMC plots and NoC plots during year 1 (P &lt; 0.05). Similar trends were observed for year 2, where rE. coli survival was also greater in HTPP amended plots (P &lt; 0.05). Survival of rE. coli was dependent on soil type, where water potential and temperature were significant covariables. Listeria spp. were found in NoC plots, but not in plots amended with HTPP, PLC or DMC. Radish data demonstrate that PLC treatment promoted the greatest level of rE.coli translocation when compared to DMC and NoC treatments (P  &lt; 0.05). These results are consistent with findings from studies conducted in other regions of the US and informs Northeast produce growers that composted and non-composted poultry-based BSAAO supports greater survival of rE. coli in field soils. This result has the potential to impact the food safety risk of edible produce grown in BSAAO amended soils as a result of pathogen contamination.

Integration of Cool-Season Annual Legumes and Dairy Manure Compost with Switchgrass

Crop Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1621-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Randal Bow ◽  
James P. Muir ◽  
David C. Weindorf ◽  
Randy E. Rosiere ◽  
Twain J. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Annual Legumes

Effects of Photoperiod on Reproductive Development in Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Reciprocal Transfer

When velvetleaf plants from Mississippi and Minnesota populations were maintained in growth chambers with day/night temperatures of 29/23 C and photoperiods of 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 h, flower buds and open flowers appeared first in the 12 h photoperiod. Buds and flowers appeared 2 to 4 d later at photoperiods of 11, 13, or 14 h. Increasing the photoperiod beyond 14 h to 15 h delayed bud appearance an additional 7 d in the MN plants and 12 d in the MS plants. Open flowers appeared four to five nodes higher, 10 d later at 15 than at 14 h in the MN plants and 20 d later in the MS plants. Vegetative shoot weight and fruit weight 73 d after emergence were greater in 13 h or longer photoperiods than at 11 or 12 h. In shorter photoperiods, MN plants produced more vegetative growth than MS plants, but the reverse occurred at longer photoperiods where MS plants were taller than MN plants. These growth differences occurred because earlier shifts in allocation to reproductive growth in MN plants limited their vegetative growth, particularly in the longest photoperiods. Differences in rate of reproductive development between populations were not evident until photoperiod exceeded 13 h. Reciprocal transfer of plants of the MS population between short and long photoperiods revealed the durations of the juvenile (pre-inductive), inductive, and post-inductive phases to be 3 to 5, 7 to 8 (short day) or 30 (long day), and 10 to 11 d, respectively. Differences in competitive ability among latitudinal biotypes of photoperiodically-sensitive weeds may depend on time of emergence in the field and consequent photoperiod exposure. Weed growth simulation models to be used in development of expert systems for weed management should take photoperiodic sensitivity into account.

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