scholarly journals Leaf Gas Exchange Characteristics of Red Raspberry Germplasm in a Hot Environment

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric T. Stafne ◽  
John R. Clark ◽  
Curt R. Rom
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Gas Exchange Characteristics ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Selection Of

Net CO2 assimilation (A), evapotranspiration (ET), and stomatal conductance (gs) were determined in two experiments for 14 and 18 raspberry (Rubus sp.) genotypes, respectively, grown in 4-L containers and exposed to 35 °C daytime temperatures 2 weeks and 4 weeks after placement in growth chambers. Measurements were taken on two successive leaves on the same primocane between the third and seventh node (≈75% to 85% of full leaf expansion). In Expt. 1, selections from Louisiana exhibited higher A (3.10-5.73 μmol·m-2·s-1) than those from Oregon (0.50-2.65 μmol·m-2·s-1). In Expt. 2, the genotype × time interactions were nonsignificant, and time of measurement did not affect A or ET (P ≤ 0.05). Assimilation ranged from 2.08 to 6.84 μmol·m-2·s-1 and varied greatly among genotypes, indicating that diverse A levels exist at high temperatures in raspberry germplasm. NC 296, a selection of R. coreanus Miq. from China, and `Dormanred', a southern-adapted raspberry cultivar with R. parvifolius Hemsl. as a parent, had the highest A rates. Evapotranspiration and gs did not differ among genotypes. Average gs for all genotypes declined from 234 mmol·m-2·s-1 in week 2 to 157 mmol·m-2·s-1 in week 4. Our findings, coupled with plant performance under hot conditions, can be used to identify potential parental raspberry germplasm for breeding southern-adapted cultivars.

scholarly journals Leaf Gas Exchange Response of 'Arapaho' Blackberry and Six Red Raspberry Cultivars to Moderate and High Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 880-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric T. Stafne ◽  
John R. Clark ◽  
Curt R. Rom
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
June July

Leaf gas exchange of six red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and one blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) genotypes growing in 12-L containers was measured at four temperatures (20, 25, 30, and 35 °C) once a month for 3 months in growth chambers by infrared gas analysis. Measurements were taken on three successive leaves on the same primocane between the third and seventh nodes (≈75% to 85% of full leaf expansion). The plants were grown in ambient (field) conditions except when measurements were taken. Maximum daily ambient temperatures rose as high as ≈37 °C during this period. Net CO2 assimilation (A), evapotranspiration (ET), and stomatal conductance (gs) were measured during June, July, and August. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) in A were found among the seven genotypes. 'Arapaho' blackberry displayed the highest mean A rate at all temperatures. Only in the raspberry cultivars Nova and Reveille did the rate of A drop significantly when temperature increased from 20 to 30 °C. 'Reveille' was also the only cultivar in which A significantly declined between 30 and 35 °C. The ET increased significantly over the four temperatures in four cultivars ('Arapaho', 'Heritage', 'Nova', and 'Southland'). The ET rate at 35 °C was higher for 'Arapaho' than for all other cultivars. 'Autumn Bliss', 'Dormanred', and 'Reveille' did not change significantly as the temperature rose from 20 to 35 °C. Stomatal conductance of 'Heritage' and 'Arapaho' did not change significantly between 20 and 35 °C, whereas that of 'Autumn Bliss' and 'Reveille' declined almost 50% when temperature increased to 30 or 35 °C.

The Effects of Drought on Leaf Gas Exchange and Growth of Three Species of Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 540a-540
Author(s):  
K.J. Prevete ◽  
R.T. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Analysis System

Three species of herbaceous perennials were tested on their ability to withstand and recover from drought stress periods of 2, 4, and 6 days. Eupatorium rugosum and Boltonia asteroides `Snowbank' were chosen because of their reported drought intolerance, while Rudbeckia triloba was chosen based on its reported drought tolerance. Drought stress began on 19 Sept. 1997. Plants were transplanted into the field the day following the end of each stress period. The effects of drought on transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and net photosynthetic rate were measured during the stress and throughout recovery using an infrared gas analysis system. Leaf gas exchange measurements were taken through recovery until there were no differences between the stressed plants and the control plants. Transpiration, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis of Rudbeckia and Boltonia were not affected until 4 days after the start of stress. Transpiration of Eupatorium decreased after 3 days of stress. After rewatering, leaf gas exchange of Boltonia and Rudbeckia returned to non-stressed levels quicker than Eupatorium. Growth measurements were taken every other day during stress, and then weekly following transplanting. Measurements were taken until a killing frost that occurred on 3 Nov. There were no differences in the growth between the stressed and non-stressed plants in any of the species. Plants will be monitored throughout the winter, spring, and summer to determine the effects of drought on overwintering capability and regrowth.

scholarly journals Normal Cyclic Variation in CO2 Concentration in Indoor Chambers Decreases Leaf Gas Exchange and Plant Growth

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
James Bunce
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Cyclic Variation ◽  
Indoor Exposure ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Gas Exchange System ◽  
Opening And Closing

Attempts to identify crop genetic material with larger growth stimulation at projected elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations are becoming more common. The probability of reductions in photosynthesis and yield caused by short-term variation in CO2 concentration within elevated CO2 treatments in the free-air CO2 enrichment plots raises the question of whether similar effects occur in glasshouse or indoor chamber experiments. These experiments were designed to test whether even the normal, modest, cyclic variation in CO2 concentration typical of indoor exposure systems have persistent impacts on photosynthesis and growth, and to explore mechanisms underlying the responses observed. Wheat, cotton, soybeans, and rice were grown from seed in indoor chambers at a mean CO2 concentration of 560 μmol mol−1, with “triangular” cyclic variation with standard deviations of either 4.5 or 18.0 μmol mol−1 measured with 0.1 s sampling periods with an open path analyzer. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and above ground biomass at 20 to 23 days were reduced in all four species by the larger variation in CO2 concentration. Tests of rates of stomatal opening and closing with step changes in light and CO2, and tests of responses to square-wave cycling of CO2 were also conducted on individual leaves of these and three other species, using a leaf gas exchange system. Reduced stomatal conductance due to larger amplitude cycling of CO2 during growth occurred even in soybeans and rice, which had equal rates of opening and closing in response to step changes in CO2. The gas exchange results further indicated that reduced mean stomatal conductance was not the only cause of reduced photosynthesis in variable CO2 conditions.

scholarly journals LEAF GAS EXCHANGE CHARACTERISTICS OF FOUR PAPAYA GENOTYPES DURING DIFFERENT STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIEMAR CAMPOSTRINI ◽  
OSVALDO KIYOSHI YAMANISHI ◽  
CARLOS A. MARTINEZ
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Gas Exchange Characteristics

In this research, was used four papaya (Carica papaya L.) genotypes: three from the 'Solo ( Sunrise Solo TJ, Sunrise Solo 72/12 and Baixinho de Santa Amália) group and one from the 'Formosa' group (Know-You 01). They were grown in plastic pots containing a sandy-clay-loam soil subjected to pH correction and fertilization, under greenhouse conditions. Throughout the experimental period plants were subjected to periodic irrigation to maintain the soil humitidy around field capacity. The experiment was conducted 73 days after sowing. In all genotypes, leaf gas exchange characteristics were determined. The net photosynthetic rate (A, mumol m-2 s-1 ), stomatal conductance (g s mol m-2 s-1), leaf temperature (T I, 0C) and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (ci, muL L-1) on the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th leaves from the plant apex were determined. No significant differences were observed for A, g s, c i, or Tl either among the leaves sampled from any of the genotypes. A was positively correlated with g s and in the other hand T I and g s were negatively correlated. The results suggest that, for 73 DAP, all the sampled papaya leaves functioned as sources of organs.

scholarly journals Effect of ontogeny, heterophylly and leaf position on the gas exchange of the hop plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Hejnák ◽  
H. Hniličková ◽  
F. Hnilička
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis

This paper evaluates the influence of ontogeny and the position of bine and offshoot leaves on the rate of photosynthesis (P<sub>n</sub>), transpiration (E) and stomatal conductance (g<sub>s</sub>) in hop plants. In the ontogeny influencing P<sub>n</sub>, E and g<sub>s</sub> among hops. The highest P<sub>n</sub> was measured in phase 81&ndash;89 BBCH and E and g<sub>s</sub> in phase 61&ndash;69 BBCH. The P<sub>n</sub> increased over the course of ontogeny from the 1<sup>st</sup> to 3<sup>rd</sup> level of the hop plants. From the 61 BBCH phase, the leaves of the first and second level achieved a photosynthetic maturity and P<sub>n</sub> value no longer increased. The third-level leaves achieved photosynthetic maturity from the 81 BBCH phase. Higher E was measured in the upper parts of the hop plant. P<sub>n</sub> and E were higher in the bine leaves in the third level of the hop plant over the entire course of the vegetation period. In the first and second level of the hop plant, higher values of P<sub>n</sub> were measured in the offshoot leaves. Differences in g<sub>s</sub> were not noteworthy among the leaf types. Results show that a significant factor affecting the differences in P<sub>n</sub> and E in hops is the age of the leaves.

scholarly journals Differential responses between mature and young leaves of sunflower plants to oxidative stress caused by water deficit

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1290-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Cechin ◽  
Natália Corniani ◽  
Terezinha de Fátima Fumis ◽  
Ana Catarina Cataneo
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Gas Exchange Characteristics

The effects of water stress and rehydration on leaf gas exchange characteristics along with changes in lipid peroxidation and pirogalol peroxidase (PG-POD) were studied in mature and in young leaves of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), which were grown in a greenhouse. Water stress reduced photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (g s), and transpiration (E) in both young and mature leaves. However, the amplitude of the reduction was dependent on leaf age. The intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was increased in mature leaves but it was not altered in young leaves. Instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) in mature stressed leaves was reduced when compared to control leaves while in young stressed leaves it was maintained to the same level as the control. After 24h of rehydration, most of the parameters related to gas exchange recovered to the same level as the unstressed plants except gs and E in mature leaves. Water stress did not activated PG-POD independently of leaf age. However, after rehydration the enzyme activity was increased in mature leaves and remained to the same as the control in young leaves. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was increased by water stress in both mature and young leaves. The results suggest that young leaves are more susceptible to water stress in terms of gas exchange characteristics than mature leaves although both went through oxidative estresse.

The impact of kaolin clay sprays on leaf gas exchange of Ginger Gold apple trees in New Brunswick

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 1377-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Privé ◽  
L. Russell ◽  
A. LeBlanc
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
The Impact

A field trial was conducted over two growing seasons in a Ginger Gold apple orchard in Bouctouche, New Brunswick, Canada to examine the impact of Surround (95% kaolin clay) on leaf gas exchange [net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 (Ci) and transpiration (E)]. In 2004, a greater rate of Pn and gs was achieved at the higher than at the lower frequency of Surround applications. This was particularly notable at leaf temperatures exceeding 35°C. In 2005, no significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences among leaf residue groupings [Trace (< 0.5 g m-2), Low (0.5 to 2 g m-2), and High (≥ 2 g m-2)] were found for the four leaf gas exchange parameters at leaf temperatures ranging from 25 to 40°C. It would appear that under New Brunswick commercial orchard conditions, the application of Surround favours or has no effect on leaf gas exchange. Key words: Surround, particle film, leaf physiology, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2, transpiration

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