scholarly journals 661 Molecular Biology of Host–Pathogen Interactions in Harvested Horticultural Crops

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 512C-512
Author(s):  
T.G. McCollum
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Postharvest Losses ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Natural Defense ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Freedom From Disease ◽  
New Strategies

Decay caused by fungal pathogens accounts for significant postharvest losses. Although the application of synthetic fungicides can reduce postharvest decay, increasing public concern over using fungicides as well as the resistance that develops to them indicate that alternative means of decay control are needed. Freedom from disease before harvest is the norm rather than the exception. Numerous defense mechanisms, both preformed and inducible, are involved in plant resistance to fungal pathogens. Understanding how natural defense mechanisms are regulated and how to maintain them in harvested products may provide the basis for new strategies to reduce postharvest losses caused by pathogens. Host–pathogen interactions have been well studied in growing plants but much less extensively in harvested organs. The interaction between host and pathogen is dynamic; changes in both organisms are required for disease development. Following harvest, the incidence of decay increases indicating that changes in the host render it more susceptible to pathogen development. Recent studies by plant physiologists and pathologists have contributed to our understanding of changes in harvested tissues that render them less resistant to decay as well as changes in the host that are induced in response to fungal infection.

scholarly journals Nucleic acids enrichment of fungal pathogens to study host-pathogen interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Rodríguez ◽  
Brecht Guillemyn ◽  
Paul Coucke ◽  
Mario Vaneechoutte
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Host Pathogen

AbstractFungal infections, ranging from superficial to life-threatening infections, represent a major public health problem that affects 25% of the worldwide population. In this context, the study of host-pathogen interactions within the host is crucial to advance antifungal therapy. However, since fungal cells are usually outnumbered by host cells, the fungal transcriptome frequently remains uncovered. We compared three different methods to selectively lyse human cells from in vitro mixes, composed of Candida cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In order to prevent transcriptional modification, the mixes were stored in RNAlater. We evaluated the enrichment of fungal cells through cell counting using microscopy and aimed to further enrich fungal nucleic acids by centrifugation and by reducing contaminant nucleic acids from the host. We verified the enrichment of fungal DNA and RNA through qPCR and RT-qPCR respectively and confirmed that the resulting RNA has high integrity scores, suitable for downstream applications. The enrichment method provided here, i.e., lysis with Buffer RLT followed by centrifugation, may contribute to increase the proportion of nucleic acids from fungi in clinical samples, thus promoting more comprehensive analysis of fungal transcriptional profiles. Although we focused on C. albicans, the enrichment may be applicable to other fungal pathogens.

scholarly journals Long Non-Coding RNAs and Their Potential Roles in the Vector–Host–Pathogen Triad

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Parwez Ahmad ◽  
Chaima Bensaoud ◽  
Imen Mekki ◽  
Mujeeb Ur Rehman ◽  
Michail Kotsyfakis
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Time Specific

Long non-coding (lnc)RNAs have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression and are involved in almost every cellular process. They can bind to other molecules including DNA, proteins, or even other RNA types such messenger RNA or small RNAs. LncRNAs are typically expressed at much lower levels than mRNA, and their expression is often restricted to tissue- or time-specific developmental stages. They are also involved in several inter-species interactions, including vector–host–pathogen interactions, where they can be either vector/host-derived or encoded by pathogens. In these interactions, they function via multiple mechanisms including regulating pathogen growth and replication or via cell-autonomous antimicrobial defense mechanisms. Recent advances suggest that characterizing lncRNAs and their targets in different species may hold the key to understanding the role of this class of non-coding RNA in interspecies crosstalk. In this review, we present a general overview of recent studies related to lncRNA-related regulation of gene expression as well as their possible involvement in regulating vector–host–pathogen interactions.

Spatiotemporal Structure of Host-Pathogen Interactions in a Metapopulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 174 (3) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Soubeyrand ◽  
Laine ◽  
Hanski ◽  
Penttinen
Keyword(s):  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Spatiotemporal Structure ◽  
Host Pathogen

scholarly journals Porcine small intestinal organoids as a model to explore ETEC–host interactions in the gut

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarne Vermeire ◽  
Liara M. Gonzalez ◽  
Robert J. J. Jansens ◽  
Eric Cox ◽  
Bert Devriendt
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Intestinal Organoids ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Small Intestinal

AbstractSmall intestinal organoids, or enteroids, represent a valuable model to study host–pathogen interactions at the intestinal epithelial surface. Much research has been done on murine and human enteroids, however only a handful studies evaluated the development of enteroids in other species. Porcine enteroid cultures have been described, but little is known about their functional responses to specific pathogens or their associated virulence factors. Here, we report that porcine enteroids respond in a similar manner as in vivo gut tissues to enterotoxins derived from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, an enteric pathogen causing postweaning diarrhoea in piglets. Upon enterotoxin stimulation, these enteroids not only display a dysregulated electrolyte and water balance as shown by their swelling, but also secrete inflammation markers. Porcine enteroids grown as a 2D-monolayer supported the adhesion of an F4+ ETEC strain. Hence, these enteroids closely mimic in vivo intestinal epithelial responses to gut pathogens and are a promising model to study host–pathogen interactions in the pig gut. Insights obtained with this model might accelerate the design of veterinary therapeutics aimed at improving gut health.

scholarly journals Movement can mediate temporal mismatches between resource availability and biological events in host–pathogen interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Kürschner ◽  
Cédric Scherer ◽  
Viktoriia Radchuk ◽  
Niels Blaum ◽  
Stephanie Kramer‐Schadt
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Host Pathogen

scholarly journals Beyond Antioxidant Effects: Nature-Based Templates Unveil New Strategies for Neurodegenerative Diseases

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Andrea Bacci ◽  
Massimiliano Runfola ◽  
Simona Sestito ◽  
Simona Rapposelli
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Identification Process ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Natural Defense ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Neuronal Disorders ◽  
New Strategies

The complex network of malfunctioning pathways occurring in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) represents a huge hurdle in the development of new effective drugs to be used in therapy. In this context, redox reactions act as crucial regulators in the maintenance of neuronal microenvironment homeostasis. Particularly, their imbalance results in the severe compromising of organism’s natural defense systems and subsequently, in the instauration of deleterious OS, that plays a fundamental role in the insurgence and progress of NDDs. Despite the huge efforts in drug discovery programs, the identification process of new therapeutic agents able to counteract the relentless progress of neurodegenerative processes has produced low or no effective therapies. Consequently, a paradigm-shift in the drug discovery approach for these diseases is gradually occurring, paving the way for innovative therapeutical approaches, such as polypharmacology. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the main pharmacological features of most promising nature-based scaffolds for a possible application in drug discovery, especially for NDDs, highlighting their multifaceted effects against OS and neuronal disorders.

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