scholarly journals Changes in the Activity and Expression of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate (ACC) Synthase, ACC Oxidase, and Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase in Asparagus Spears in Response to Wound-induced Ethylene Synthesis

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1074-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar Bhowmik ◽  
Toshiyuki Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Ethylene Synthesis ◽  
Enzymatic Changes

The molecular and enzymatic changes that follow harvesting of asparagus are important aspects for postharvest deterioration. To define the factors contributing to postharvest deterioration, the early changes in ethylene production and the activities and expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase, ACC oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) were studied in whole spears and in excised top and bottom portions. As a result of wounding, ethylene production was found higher in both top and bottom portions compared with whole spears but followed the same trend reaching the peak at 16 hours after harvest. ACC synthase was rapidly induced in excised top portions but no significant ACC synthase activity was observed in excised bottom portions. In top portions, ACC synthase reached a peak 8 hours after harvest and thereafter started to decline. In contrast to ACC synthase, ACC oxidase was induced markedly in both top and bottom portions and remained high until 16 hours after excision. On the other hand, PAL greatly increased in activity in bottom portions but not in excised tops. Northern blot analysis showed that increased mRNA levels coincided well with the excision-promoted increases in enzyme activity and ethylene production.

scholarly journals Effect of Jasmonates Differed at Fruit Ripening Stages on 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate (ACC) Synthase and ACC Oxidase Gene Expression in Pears

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Kondo ◽  
Hiroko Yamada ◽  
Sutthiwal Setha
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
Climacteric Stage

The effects of n-propyl dihydrojasmonate (PDJ), which is a jasmonic acid derivative, on 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase activities, their gene expressions, and ethylene productions in ‘La France’ pears (Pyrus communis L.) were investigated. The fruit was harvested 156 days after full bloom, stored at 4 °C for 15 days, ripened at 20 °C, and then dipped into 0.39 mm PDJ solution at the preclimacteric stage (0 day of ripening at 20 °C) or the climacteric stage (9 days of ripening at 20 °C). In the skin of the PDJ-treated fruit at the preclimacteric stage, the expressions of ACC synthase (ACS)1 and ACC oxidase (ACO)1 were higher than the expressions of those in the untreated control. Ethylene production also increased in the PDJ-treated fruit. In contrast, the accumulation of the ACS1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in the skin and an increase of ethylene production were observed in the untreated control fruit at the climacteric stage, although the levels of mRNAs hybridized with ACO1 were not different between the PDJ-treated fruit and untreated control. The endogenous jasmonic acid levels in the skin increased in the PDJ-treated fruit regardless of the application times of PDJ. These results indicate that ACS1 may be an ACC synthase gene that is induced by jasmonates in pears, and that system 2 ethylene may be regulated by jasmonates.

scholarly journals 24-Epibrasinolide Modulates the Vase Life of Lisianthus Cut Flowers by Modulating ACC Oxidase Enzyme Activity and Physiological Responses

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 995
Author(s):  
Mohammad Darvish ◽  
Habib Shirzad ◽  
Mohammadreza Asghari ◽  
Parviz Noruzi ◽  
Abolfazl Alirezalu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Oxidase Enzyme

Ethylene is the most important factor playing roles in senescence and deterioration of harvested crops including cut flowers. Brassinosteroids (BRs), as natural phytohormones, have been reported to differently modulate ethylene production and related senescence processes in different crops. This study was carried out to determine the effects of different levels of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) on ACC oxidase enzyme activity, the final enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis pathway, vase life, and senescence rate in lisianthus cut flowers. Harvested flowers were treated with EBL (at 0, 3, 6, and 9 µmol/L) and kept at 25 °C for 15 days. The ACC oxidase activity, water absorption, malondialdehyde (MDA) production and vase solution absorption rates, chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents, and the vase life of the flowers were evaluated during and at the end of storage. EBL at 3 µmol/L significantly (p ≤ 0.01) enhanced the flower vase life by decreasing the ACC oxidase activity, MDA production and senescence rates, and enhancing chlorophyll and anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation, relative water content, and vase solution absorption rates. By increasing the concentration, EBL negatively affected the flower vase life and postharvest quality probably via enhancing the ACC oxidase enzyme activity and subsequent ethylene production. EBL at 6 and 9 µmol/L and in a concentration dependent manner, enhanced the ACC oxidase activity and MDA production rate and decreased chlorophyll and anthocyanin accumulation and water absorption rate. The results indicate that the effects of brassinosteroids on ethylene production and physiology of lisianthus cut flowers is highly dose dependent.

scholarly journals Introgression of Sub1 (SUB1) QTL in mega rice cultivars increases ethylene production to the detriment of grain- filling under stagnant flooding

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhya Rani Kuanar ◽  
Kutubuddin Ali Molla ◽  
Krishnendu Chattopadhyay ◽  
Ramani Kumar Sarkar ◽  
Pravat Kumar Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Oxidase Enzyme

AbstractIn the recent time, Submergence1 (Sub1)QTL, responsible for imparting tolerance to flash flooding, has been introduced in many rice cultivars, but resilience of the QTL to stagnant flooding (SF) is not known. The response of Sub1-introgression has been tested on physiology, molecular biology and yield of two popular rice cultivars (Swarna and Savitri) by comparison of the parental and Sub1-introgression lines (SwarnaSub1 and SavitriSub1) under SF. Compared to control condition SF reduced grain yield and tiller number and increased plant height and Sub1- introgression mostly matched these effects. SF increased ethylene production by over-expression of ACC-synthase and ACC-oxidase enzyme genes of panicle before anthesis in the parental lines. Expression of the genes changed with Sub1-introgression, where some enzyme isoform genes over-expressed after anthesis under SF. Activities of endosperm starch synthesizing enzymes SUS and AGPase declined concomitantly with rise ethylene production in the Sub1-introgressed lines resulting in low starch synthesis and accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in the developing spikelets. In conclusion, Sub1-introgression into the cultivars increased susceptibility to SF. Subjected to SF, the QTL promoted genesis of ethylene in the panicle at anthesis to the detriment of grain yield, while compromising with morphological features like tiller production and stem elongation.

scholarly journals Glutathione regulates ACC synthase transcription via WRKY33 and ACC oxidase by modulating mRNA stability to induce ethylene synthesis during stress

2015 ◽  
pp. pp.01543.2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riddhi Datta ◽  
Deepak Kumar ◽  
Asma Sultana ◽  
Saptarshi Hazra ◽  
Dipto Bhattacharyya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Stability ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Ethylene Synthesis

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF POLYAMINES ON THE SENESCENCE OF CARNATION PETALS.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 617d-617
Author(s):  
Ki-Cheol Son ◽  
Y. Chae
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Exact Role ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Acc Content ◽  
Carnation Petals

The interaction between polyamines and ethylene is still not clear for floral tissues. The aim of the present paper is to examine the senescence on the isolated petals of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus cv. Desio) but not the whole flower in an attempt to clarify the exact role of polyamines. Petals were treated with putrescine (Put; 0.0, 1.0, 10mM), spermidine (Spd; 0.0, 1.0, 10mM), spermine (Spn; 0.0, 1.0, 10mM), Put+Spd (1.0mM), Put+Spn (1.0mM). The fresh weight of petals in all 10mM treatment was decreased less than those in the other treatments at all times but there were no significant differences. The differences in ethylene production were significant. In petals maintained in 10mM of polyamines, ethylene production was completely inhibited until 13 days and senescence was considerably retarded. However, ethylene productions in 1.0mM polyamines treatments were delayed 2-3 days with reduced amounts. These results suggest that high concentrations of polyamines retard senescence and completely inhibit ethylene production. ACC content, activities of ACC synthase and SAM decarboxylase were analyzed. Finally, the role of SAM in ethylene and polyamines biosynthesis will be discussed.

scholarly journals Physiological and Molecular Characterization of the Response to Ethylene during Senescence of Carnation Genotypic Variants

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Woodson ◽  
Shimon Mayak ◽  
Haim Rabinowitch
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Petal Senescence ◽  
Ethylene Treatment ◽  
Novel Proteins ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

The senescence of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flowers is associated with increased production of the phytohormone ethylene, which in turn serves to initiate and regulate the processes involved in programmed petal death. We investigated the regulation of ethylene production and petal senescence in carnation. Several carnation genotypes were identified that exhibited extended vase-life in comparison to flowers from typical commercial cultivars. The capacity of these genotypes to produce ethylene during postharvest vase-life and to respond to exogenous ethylene was investigated. Several genotypes, represented by 'Sandrosa' and 87-37G produced little ethylene durig their postharvest vase-life and as a result failed to exhibit the symptoms (in-rolling and wilting) typical of flowers producing elevated levels of ethylene. These genotypes were further separated by their capacity to respond to exogenous ethylene by both increased ethylene synthesis and premature petal senescence. In one case a genotype (799) was identified that was not capable of responding to exogenous ethylene by either increased ethylene production or premature petal senescence. The regulation of ethylene production during petal senescence was investigated both at the enzyme and gene levels. A full length cDNA was identified for the petal senescence-related ACC synthase gene. Utilizing this, and other ethylene biosynthetic pathway cDNA probes, an increase in both ACC synthase and ACC oxidase mRNAs were detected following ethylene treatment. An increase in ACC oxidase mRNA and enzyme activity was detected within 2-3 h following ethylene treatment, indicating the expression of this gene is an early response to ethylene. An investigation into the expression of novel proteins during petal senescence revealed a number of polypeptides increased in abundance and possibly play a role in the regulation or biochemical processes of senescence. One polypeptide of 70 kDa was identified as being encoded by the previously characterized gene SR12 and possibly represents a b-galactosidase involved in the remobilization of carbohydrates during senescence.

Diabetes decreases creatine kinase enzyme activity and mRNA level in the rat heart

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (4) ◽  
pp. E573-E577 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Popovich ◽  
K. R. Boheler ◽  
W. H. Dillmann
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Cdna Probe ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Energy Phosphates ◽  
Contractile Performance

Several of the adenosinetriphosphatase enzymes that are responsible for cardiac muscle contraction rely on high-energy phosphates supplied by the creatine kinase (CK) system. Experimental diabetes mellitus has been shown to cause a decrease in the maximal contractile performance of the heart. We postulated that the decrease in contractile performance may be explained in part by a decrease in CK enzyme activity. To evaluate this possibility, we determined the level of CK activity and isoenzyme distribution in ventricular homogenates from normal, diabetic, and insulin-treated diabetic rats. We found that total CK activity was decreased by 35% in diabetic hearts and that a 66% reduction in the cardiac-specific MB isoenzyme occurs. Using a cDNA probe for CK-muscle (M) RNA in Northern blot analysis, we determined that a 61.1% decrease in CK-M mRNA occurs in diabetes. Chronic insulin therapy for 1 mo restores CK-M mRNA levels and enzyme activity. In conclusion, diabetes-induced CK enzyme decreases are mediated in part by a lower level of CK-M mRNA that codes for the major CK-M subunit protein. Decreased performance of the CK system may contribute to diabetic cardiomyopathy.

scholarly journals Heat Treatments Delay and Reduce the Ethylene Climacteric in Carnation Flowers (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. `White Sim')

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 460B-460
Author(s):  
Sven Verlinden ◽  
William R. Woodson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
And Control

High-temperature treatments can be used for disinfestation of a variety of horticultural crops. Carnation flowers were subjected to a heat treatment in order to determine if it is a viable option for disinfestation of this crop. Flowers were exposed to 45°C for 24 hr in the dark, while control flowers were held at RT for 24 hr in the dark. Subsequently, the flowers were held at RT in the light and monitored for ethylene production, an indicator of imminent floral senescence. In the heat-treated flowers, the ethylene climacteric occurred at 96 hr after the heat treatment, a delay of 12 hr when compared to the control. Peak ethylene production was decreased by 25% to 30% in heat-treated flowers. Northern blot analysis of the ethylene biosynthetic pathway genes, ACC synthase, and ACC oxidase, showed that the expression of these genes is delayed by 8 to 16 hr in heat-treated flowers. This indicates that the delay and decrease in ethylene production is at least, in part, due to a delay or reduction in the expression of these genes. Further investigation revealed a decreased responsiveness of the petals to ethylene. Petals from heat-treated and control flowers were exposed to 1 ppm ethylene for 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 32 hr. The heat-treated petals again showed a delay and a decrease in maximum ethylene production after exposure to ethylene. A delay in expression of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase was also observed. The beneficial effects of exposing carnation flowers to high temperatures, a delay in ethylene production, and reduced responsiveness to ethylene, suggest that heat treatments could be used for disinfestation of this crop.

scholarly journals Reduced ethylene synthesis of mangoes under high CO2 atmosphere storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e51540
Author(s):  
Renar João Bender ◽  
Jeffrey Karl Brecht ◽  
Steven Alonzo Sargent
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Ethylene Synthesis ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Co2 Atmosphere

. High CO2 atmospheres have been reported to be accountable for slower ripening processes of many fruit species. In modified or controlled atmosphere storage of mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) delayed ripening is attributed to the effects of CO2 on ethylene biosynthesis, which is reduced under CO2 concentrations beyond 10%. In the present work the objective was to determine if those elevated CO2 atmospheres on ethylene synthesis could be attributed to the action of CO2 upon ACC oxidase. Mature green or tree ripe `Tommy Atkins` mangoes were, in four experiments, held in a flow through system of either 10 or 25% CO2 mixed to 5% O2 or only air for 14 or 21 days at 5, 8 or 12°C. Mangoes in the 25% CO2 atmosphere did not produce detectable levels of ethylene, whereas under 10% CO2 the production rates were significantly suppressed at 5 or 8°C. However, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) concentrations in mango mesocarp tissue at retrieval from storage were similar to the air controls and ACC synthase activity was not completely inhibited. The direct effects of CO2 concentrations on ACC oxidase activity is to be considered the most important factor in inhibiting ethylene biosynthesis of mangoes under 25% CO2 atmospheres.

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