scholarly journals Effect of External Nitrate Concentration on Nitrate and Iron Uptake and Assimilation in Vaccinium Species

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1116C-1116
Author(s):  
Rebecca Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Iron Nitrate ◽  
Nr Activity ◽  
Soil Adaptation

Most Vaccinium species, including V. corymbosum, have strict soil requirements for optimal growth, requiring low pH, high iron, and nitrogen, primarily in the ammonium form. V. arboreum is a wild species adapted to high pH, low iron, nitrate-containing soils. This broader soil adaptation in V. arboreum may be related to increased efficiency of iron or nitrate uptake/assimilation compared with cultivated Vaccinium species. To test this, nitrate and iron uptake, and nitrate reductase (NR) and ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activities were compared in two Vaccinium species, V. arboreum and the cultivated V. corymbosum. Plants were grown hydroponically for 15 weeks in either 1.0 or 5.0 mm NO3 with 0.09 mm Fe. Root FCR activity was greater in V. arboreum compared with V. corymbosum, especially at the lower external nitrate concentration. However, this was not reflected in differences in iron uptake. Nitrate uptake and root NR activity were greater in V. arboreum compared with V. corymbosum. The lower nitrate uptake and assimilation in V. corymbosum was reflected in decreased plant dry weight compared with V. arboreum. V. arboreum appears to be more efficient in acquiring nitrate compared with V. corymbosum, possibly due to increased NR activity, and this may partially explain the wider soil adaptation of V. arboreum.

scholarly journals Uptake and Assimilation of Nitrate and Iron in Two Vaccinium Species as Affected by External Nitrate Concentration

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Darnell ◽  
Steven A. Hiss
Keyword(s):  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Nitrate Uptake Rate ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Nr Activity ◽  
Soil Adaptation ◽  
Vaccinium Arboreum

Most Vaccinium species have narrow soil adaptation and are limited to soils that have low pH, high available iron (Fe), and nitrogen (N) primarily in the ammonium (NH4+) form. Vaccinium arboreum Marsh. is a wild species that can tolerate a wider range of soil conditions, including higher pH and nitrate (NO3-) as the predominant N form. This wider soil adaptation may be related to the ability of V. arboreum to acquire Fe and NO3- more efficiently than cultivated Vaccinium species, such as V. corymbosum L. interspecific hybrid (southern highbush). Nitrate and Fe uptake, and nitrate reductase (NR) and ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activities were compared in these two species grown hydroponically in either 1.0 or 5.0 mm NO3-. Nitrate uptake rate (on a whole-plant and FW basis) and root NR activity were significantly greater in V. arboreum compared with V. corymbosum. Iron uptake on a FW basis was also greater in V. arboreum, and was correlated with higher root FCR activity than was found in V. corymbosum. Increased Fe and NO3- uptake/assimilation in V. arboreum were reflected in increased organ and whole-plant dry weights compared with V. corymbosum. Vaccinium arboreum appears to be more efficient in acquiring and assimilating NO3- and Fe than is the cultivated species, V. corymbosum. This may partially explain the wider soil adaptation of V. arboreum.

scholarly journals Effect of salt and water stresses on growth, nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism in Cucumis sativus L. seedlings

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Sacała ◽  
Edward Grzyś ◽  
Anna Demczuk ◽  
Zofia Spiak
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Nr Activity

Plants exposed to osmotic stress exhibit changes in their physiology and metabolism. In general, osmotic stress reduces water availability and causes nutritional imbalance in plants. In the present study, we compared the response of cucumber (<em>Cucumis sativus</em> L. var. Władko F-1) to ionic (100 mmol•dm-3 NaCl) and osmotic stress (10% PEG 6000). Both stress factors reduced significantly fresh and dry weight of 7-day-old cucumber seedlings. Under PEG treatment reduction of cucumber dry mass was lesser than in fresh mass, whereas under salt stress decrease in dry weight of cucumber shoots was more pronounced than in fresh mass. Salt stress caused severe decrease in nitrate concentration and activity of nitrate reductase (NR). In cotyledons nitrate content declined to 17% of the control and similar reduction in NR activity was observed. In the roots, observed changes were not so drastic but there was also strong interaction between reduction in nitrate content and NR activity. Under 10% PEG both nitrate concentration and NR activity in cucumber roots were significantly higher in comparison to control plants. In cotyledons NR activity was significantly lower than in control plants, while decrease in nitrate content was not statistically significant. Phosphate concentration did not change significantly in cucumber cotyledons but increased in roots treated both NaCl (32% increase) and PEG (53% increase). Similar tendencies were observed in acid phosphatase activity. Obtained results indicated that osmotic and salt stresses evoke differential responses, particularly in growth reduction and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber seedlings.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PURIFIED AMOUNT OF TRITERPENE GLYCOSIDES AND THEIR ENRICHED EXTRACT FROM LEAVES OF SILPHIUM PERFOLIATUM L. ON THE GROWTH AND ACTIVITY OF NITRATE REDUCTASE OF WIN-TER WHEAT PLANTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Sergeyevna Davidyants
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Triterpene Glycosides ◽  
Nr Activity

The effect of seed treatment with solutions of a purified amount of triterpene glycosides (PATG) containing, as major components, oleanolic acid glycosides – sylphiosides B, C, E, G, and extract (E) enriched with sylphiosides, from Silphium perfoliatum L. (Asteraceae) leaves on growth parameters and nitrate reductase activity (NR, EC 1.6.6.1) of 7-day winter wheat plants (Tritium aestivum L.) was studied. It was shown that, seed treatment with PATG solutions in concentrations of 0.0005 and 0.001% and E in concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4% caused an increase in the length of roots, shoots, wet and dry weight of seedlings compared to the control. The stimulating effect of these concentrations of PATG and E on the total nitrate reductase activity of the roots and leaves of seedlings has been established, and an increase in the stimulating effect of preparations on the activity NR оf against the background of substrate activation of the enzyme potassium nitrate (KNO3) was observed. The greatest increase in the total NR activity of roots and leaves of winter wheat plants was observed when PATG acted at a concentration of 0.001% and E – at a concentration of 0.4%, which amounted respectively 122 and 116%, when adding 1 ml of 50 mM KNO3 solution into the growing medium of plants – 141 and 137% relative to the control. The stimulating effect of exogenous triterpene glycosides on NR activity has been established for the first time. The obtained data allow to theoretically substantiate the possibility of practical use of triterpene glycosides and preparations based on them for the regulation of growth and nitrogen metabolism of plants.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic, Biochemical and Enzymatic Investigation of Azolla microphylla in Response to an Insecticide-Hexachlorohexahydro-Methano-Benzodioxathiepine-Oxide

Our Nature ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
Waseem Raja ◽  
Preeti Rathau ◽  
Suchit A. John ◽  
P.W. Ramteke
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Organochlorine Insecticide ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Azolla Microphylla ◽  
Stress Metabolites ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Supply

A study on the heterocystous, nitrogen fixing Water fern, Azolla microphylla was carried out to investigate the effect of an organochlorine insecticide (hexachloro-hexahydro-methano benzodioxathiepine-oxide, called as endosulfan) at different concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 600 ppm on fresh weight, dry weight, photosynthetic pigments, stress metabolites such as ascorbic acid, proteins, and nitrogen metabolism activity like nitrate reductase and nitrate uptake. The inhibition was found to be dose dependent. The insecticide endosulfan showed to be deleteriously affecting the activities in the Azolla microphylla. Endosulfan adversely depleted the cellular activities, leading to a marked increase in the Vitamin-C at lower concentration and gradually decreases at higher concentrations. Decrease in protein was clear and activities like nitrate reductase and nitrate uptake also increases up to certain concentration and at higher concentration slightly decreases. Despite of deleterious effects of endosulfan on the Azolla microphylla, a unique regenerating ability in presence of the insecticide was observed by the end of five days in the lower doses of insecticide. Azolla seems to help sustain the soil nitrogen supply by returning nitrogen to quantities roughly equal to those extracted from the soil by the rice plant.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7775

scholarly journals Monomeric NarB Is a Dual-Affinity Nitrate Reductase, and Its Activity Is Regulated Differently from That of Nitrate Uptake in the Unicellular Diazotrophic Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. Strain RF-1

2003 ◽  
Vol 185 (19) ◽  
pp. 5838-5846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tung-Hei Wang ◽  
Hongyong Fu ◽  
Yuh-Jang Shieh
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Biphasic Kinetics ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Terminal Structure ◽  
Diazotrophic Growth ◽  
Nr Activity

ABSTRACT Synechococcus sp. strain RF-1 is a unicellular freshwater cyanobacterium that fixes N2 aerobically and exhibits a circadian rhythm for nitrogenase activity under a light-dark regimen. Synechococcus sp. strain RF-1 also utilizes nitrate, nitrite, or ammonium for growth. Under the diazotrophic growth, the nitrate uptake in Synechococcus sp. strain RF-1 was induced by nitrate or nitrite but repressed by ammonium. In contrast, a prominent nitrate reductase (NR) activity was detected in diazotrophically grown cells using the reduced methyl viologen assay. The NR activity was not inhibited by ammonium and only slightly enhanced by nitrate. The different expression patterns of nitrate uptake and NR in Synechococcus sp. strain RF-1 were reflected in general at the transcript level determined by reverse transcriptase PCR. Under both nitrate-induced and uninduced conditions, the in situ NR activity exhibited similar biphasic kinetics for nitrate. The recombinant NR encoded by the narB gene of Synechococcus sp. strain RF-1, expressed in E. coli, also showed the biphasic kinetics with similar pH and temperature profiles. By in-gel NR activity assay, the recombinant NarB was found to exist as a single form. Both the high- and low-affinity NR activities of the recombinant NarB showed the same thermostability. When modified at the N terminus by a polyhistidine tag, the recombinant NR activity was shifted from biphasic to hyperbolic kinetics and showed only a single Km for nitrate, indicating the functional importance of the NarB N-terminal structure in NR kinetics.

Impact of low pH and aluminium on nitrogen uptake and metabolism in roots of Lotus japonicus

Biologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Pal’ove-Balang ◽  
Igor Mistrík
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Ammonium Uptake ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase Activity ◽  
Al Treatment ◽  
Uptake And Metabolism

AbstractThe effect of low pH and aluminum on nitrogen uptake and metabolism was studied in roots of Lotus japonicus grown in hydroponic cultures. The low pH slightly suppressed root elongation, and this effect was accompanied by the suppression of nitrate and ammonia uptake, as well as the nitrate reductase activity. In spite of high resistance of young Lotus plants to short-term Al application, the one-day treatment of Al strongly reduced nitrate uptake and also the activity of nitrate reductase (NRA) in the apical parts of roots. The glutamine synthetase activity was also suppressed by Al treatment, but in lower extent. On the other hand, the ammonium uptake and nitrite reductase activity stayed unchanged by Al treatment and the values were practically the same as in control plants. These results support the view that nitrate uptake and nitrate reduction might be the main processes responsible for Al induced growth retardation in Lotus plants grown in mineral acid soils.

RELATIONS BETWEEN NITRATE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY AND NITROGEN ACCUMULATION IN SOYBEANS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIR HATAM ◽  
D. J. HUME
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Nr Activity

An in vivo assay for nitrate reductase (NR) activity was adapted to measure total NR activity in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plants grown for a 29-day period indoors. Disappearance of nitrate from the nutrient solution, plant nitrate and total plant nitrogen (N) also were measured. Under the conditions of this experiment, nitrate reduction estimated from NR activities agreed closely with actual nitrate reduction. The same assay was used to measure leaf NR activities of field-grown soybeans throughout the 1971 growing season. Leaf NR activities accounted for 77 and 72% of the total N uptake in plants receiving 0 and 280 kg N as NH4NO3/ha, respectively. Measurements of nitrate and ammonium losses from soil under soybeans and under adjacent bare soil at three stages of plant development suggested that in plots receiving no fertilizer N, 86% of N uptake from the soil was in the form of nitrate. The NR activity of field-grown plants agreed well with total plant N derived from soil nitrates. Results indicated that leaf NR activities were proportional to nitrate uptake and might be used to determine amounts and seasonal patterns of nitrate uptake by soybean plants.

scholarly journals Influence of simazine on nitrate uptake and nitrate reductase activity in Triticum aestivum (L.) and Cucumis sativus (L.) seedlings

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Jarzyńska ◽  
Józef Buczek
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Photosynthesis Inhibition ◽  
Nr Activity

The influence of simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamine)-1,3,5-triazine) on N0<sub>3</sub>- uptake and nitrate reductase (NR) activity in wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>) and cucumber (<em>Cucumis sativus</em>) seedlings was investigated. It was found that at first (up to 12 h after herbicide treatment) simazine enhanced and then inhibited NR activity in the leaves and roots of the tested plants. After seven days of growth in nutrient medium containing 2.5 and 25 µM simazine the herbicide inhibited by 25 and 70 per cent, respectively, NR activity and reduced by 30 per cent in wheat and 50 per cent in cucumber seedlings nitrate uptake. The probable mechanism of NR inhibition by simazin is discussed and it is suggested that the influence of the herbicide on NR activity may not be exclusively connected with photosynthesis inhibition.

Mineral nutrition, dinitrogen fixation, and growth of Alnuscrispa and Alnusglutinosa

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 855-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Prégent ◽  
C. Camiré
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Dinitrogen Fixation ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
N Status

Invitro cultures of Alnuscrispa (Ait.) Pursh and Alnusglutinosa (L.) Gaertn. were used to estimate critical foliage levels of selected nutrients for optimal growth and dinitrogen (N2) fixation. For A. crispa to obtain 90% of maximum growth and N2 fixation, foliar levels of 0.12% P, 0.13% Mg, <0.31% K, and <0.04% Ca on a dry weight basis were needed. For A. glutinosa, the critical levels were 0.138% P, 0.10% Mg, 0.29% Ca, and ~0.20% K. From all the deficiencies observed, P had the more pronounced effects on N status of both species.

scholarly journals The Molecular Nature of the Hydrophilic Sulfur Prepared from Aqueous Sulfide and Sulfite (Selmi Sulfur Sol)

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 526-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Steudel ◽  
Thomas Göbel ◽  
Gabriele Holdt
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Reversed Phase Hplc ◽  
Ion Pair Chromatography ◽  
Approximate Composition ◽  
Molecular Nature

Hydrophilic sulfur sols prepared by reaction of aqueous sulfide and sulfite at low pH have been studied by chemical analysis, ion-pair chromatography, and reversed-phase HPLC. The approximate composition of the sol is x(NaHSO4/Na2SO4) ·ySn · zNa2SmO6 with n = 6-10 and m = 4-16. The elemental sulfur Sn accounts for 17% and the polythionate sulfur for 10% of the dry weight (sulfate: 18%). On aging of the sol at 20°C the long-chain polythionates decompose to elemental sulfur and tetrathionate as well as pentathionate. The higher chemical reactivity of this sol compared to S8 is explained by the fact that 45% of the zero oxidation state sulfur (S°) are present as non-S8 molecules.

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