scholarly journals Onion Seed Quality

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1141A-1141
Author(s):  
Alan G. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Initial Seed

High seed quality is required to obtain optimal plant stands and to achieve maximum yield potential. Onion seeds are commonly coated and treated with an insecticide and fungicide to control early season insects and diseases. The seed treatments may cause phytotoxicity in standard germination tests, and thus reduce the percent germination of a seed lot. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of seed quality on seed storage, stand establishment and yield. Two seed lots of two long-day onion varieties were pelleted and treated with the seed treatments Trigard and Pro-Gro. Standard germination and saturated salt aging tests were performed on each seed lot, indicating a high and lower quality seed lot for each variety. Aging was conducted by equilibrating pelleted seeds at 35% relative humidity and aging at 25 °C for up to 12 months. Aging decreased germination with time, especially for the lower quality lots. Field studies were conducted in two locations in upstate New York. The plant stand was greater in the high compared to the lower quality lots in both varieties at both locations. Yield was reduced in the lower quality than high quality lot; however, the response differed by variety and location. Overall, the initial seed quality had an impact on seed storagability, stand establishment and yield.

Seed survival in Chilean Nothofagus in response to desiccation and storage

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro León-Lobos ◽  
Richard H. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Hermetic Storage ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Tree Seeds ◽  
Initial Seed

Nothofagus alpina,N. obliqua,N. glauca,N. leonii,N. dombeyiandN. pumilioseeds exhibited consistent, albeit slight, sensitivity to extreme desiccation, but nevertheless maintained viability at low moisture contents and cool temperatures (–10° to –20°C) over 2 years.Nothofagus alpina,N. obliqua,N. glauca,N. leoniiandN. dombeyiconformed to the seed viability equation of Ellis and Roberts; sensitivity of longevity to temperature was quantitatively similar to that of crop seeds, sensitivity to moisture was somewhat less, and a low-moisture-content limit to the equation was detected at 4.8% moisture content in hermetic storage at 65 °C, and possibly similar moisture contents at 30–40°C. These five species show orthodox seed storage behaviour. Therefore,ex-situconservation of theseNothofagusspecies in seed banks is possible, but the quality of seed lots collected requires attention. Seed storage behaviour was not defined inN. pumilio: initial seed quality was poor and loss of viability was detected over 2 years at 0°, –10° and –20°C at 2.7% moisture content, but not at 5.2%. The results confirm that the economy of nature in seed storage physiology extends to forest tree seeds, but the repeated observation of reduced sensitivity of longevity to moisture in forest tree seeds requires further investigation.

Effect of Cone Storage on Pine Seed Storage Potential

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
One Year

Abstract The effect of cone storage on seed viability during 5 years of storage at 35°F was tested with seeds from studies with loblolly (Pinus taeda L.), slash (P. elliottii Engelm.), longleaf (P. palustris Mill.), and eastern white (P. strobus L.) pines. Results showed that: (1) with the exception of slash pine, seeds from cones stored for the longer periods retained quality during storage better than seeds from cones that were stored only short periods; (2) all species exhibited slight, but statistically significant, decreases in seed quality after 3 years of storage, and with the exception of loblolly, more substantial decreases in germination rate at 5 years; (3) with the exception of eastern white pine, declining rates of germination indicated losses of seed quality at least one year before total percent germination decreased, and (4) slash pine seeds from cones in the center of 20-bushel crates performed better in storage than those from cones at the top of the crates or from cones stored in bags, but storage container made no difference for loblolly. South. J. Appl. For. 15(4):216-221

Preserving Spring Oat Yields in New York Through Varietal Resistance to Crown Rust

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Fulcher ◽  
David Benscher ◽  
Mark E. Sorrells ◽  
Gary C. Bergstrom
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Rust Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogen Populations ◽  
The Impact

Crown rust is the principal disease of spring oat in New York. Management with resistance genes is effective but contingent on understanding varietal responses to local pathogen populations. Field studies were conducted from 2015 to 2018 to assess the crown rust susceptibility of commercial cultivars and public breeding lines under natural conditions in New York. Three of the 10 commercial varieties trialed were determined to be resistant, and breeding lines from five different states also exhibited resistance. On average, yield was reduced by 34.56 kg/ha for every 1% increase in crown rust severity, whereas the impact on test weight was negligible. A race differential panel was deployed in 2018 at a central screening nursery to determine the range of pathogen virulence present. Susceptible interactions were observed on only five crown rust differentials, and virulence on all five has been recorded at high levels across the country. Crown rust may be a limiting factor to oat production in New York, but yield potential and crop value can be preserved by planting an appropriately resistant variety.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment and scientific support of seed breeding of the new variety Evgeniya of sudangrass

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 01057
Author(s):  
Elena Vertikova ◽  
Vladimir Pylnev
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
New Variety ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
High Yields

The article characterizes the advantages of sudangrass, presents its comparative assessment, and gives recommendations for the cultivation of a new variety Evgeniya for seeds. Implementation of the program for the development of forage production in Russia and other countries implies not only the creation of new varieties but also the promotion of their introduction. This study aims to test the new variety Evgeniya of sudangrass and refine the cultivation techniques for obtaining high-quality seeds in the Volga region. For a period of 2 years, we studied the new promising variety, new lines that were obtained during interspecific, intraspecific, and intervarietal crossings carried out in different years, and new varieties of sudangrass recommended for cultivation in the region. The Yubileinaya 20 and Zonalskaya 6 varieties of sudangrass were used as standards. Field studies were carried out in 2017-2019. It was found that the new variety Evgeniya was characterized by high values of economically valuable traits. The variety had several biometric and biological features, such as thin stems and high yields, so we studied the influence of sowing methods and seeding rates not only on yield but on seed quality. To obtain the maximum yield of high-quality seeds, Evgeniya sudangrass must be sown with a seeding rate of 0.6-0.7 mln. viable seeds per hectare and row spacing of 30 cm.

scholarly journals Stand Establishment and Yield Potential of Organically Grown Seeded and Transplanted Medicinal Herbs

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Kleitz ◽  
Marisa M. Wall ◽  
Constance L. Falk ◽  
Charles A. Martin ◽  
Marta D. Remmenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Stinging Nettle ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Nepeta Cataria

Field studies were conducted in 1995 and 1996 at Las Cruces, New Mexico, and Alcalde, New Mexico, to compare direct seeding to transplanting for stand establishment and yield estimates of calendula (Calendula officinalis), catnip (Nepeta cataria), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), and globemallow (Sphaeralcea spp.). Calendula established well from seed or transplants at both sites. Transplanting increased establishment of lemon balm, catnip, stinging nettle, and globemallow. Lemon balm establishment was increased by 230% to 400% at Las Cruces, and catnip establishment was increased by 84% to 100% at Alcalde by transplanting. Direct seeding resulted in little or no stand establishment for stinging nettle and globemallow at Alcalde. In 1996, transplants increased lemon balm and stinging nettle dry weight yields by a factor of three or more at both sites. Dry weight yields of transplanted catnip were 4.86 t·ha−1 in 1995 and 7.90 t·ha−1 in 1996 in Las Cruces. Alcalde yields for transplanted dried catnip were 2.43 t·ha−1 in 1995 and 5.12 t·ha−1 in 1996. Transplanted globemallow dry weight yields were 6.04 t·ha−1 in 1995 and 9.17 t·ha−1 in 1996 for Las Cruces. Transplanted stinging nettle yield in Alcalde was 5.91 t·ha−1 for plants that overwintered and were harvested in the second season. Transplanting versus direct seeding medicinal herbs has the potential to substantially increase stand establishment and yield in New Mexico, particularly in the more northern and cooler part of the state.

scholarly journals Impact of harvest stage on seed yield quality and storability of french bean

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-656
Author(s):  
Md Rayhan Shaheb ◽  
Md Nazmul Islam ◽  
Ashratun Nessa ◽  
Md Altab Hossain ◽  
Ayesha Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Brown Colour ◽  
The Impact

Good quality seeds are one of the least expensive but vital factors influencing yield potential and key to agriculture progress. Studies were conducted both in the field and laboratory with the objective to observe the impact of harvest stage on the seed, quality and storability of French bean. Five harvest stages viz. H1- deep green with light yellow colours of pod, H2-50% green and 50% yellowing of pods, H3-light brown with few yellow colour pods, H4-90% brown colour of pods and H5-100% brown colour and dried pods were considered as treatments for field trial. Harvested seeds were then stored in both cool room and ambient conditions up to 16 months and performed seed quality studies in every 4 months. The treatments combination of laboratory studies were T1: H1 seed storage in cool room (SSCR), T2: H1 seed storage in ambient (SSAB), T3: H2 SSCR, T4: H2 SSAB; T5: H3 SSCR; T6: H3 SSAB; T7: H4 SSCR; T8: H4 SSAB; T9: H5 SSCR and T10: H5 SSAB. Experiments were laid out in a RCBD and CRD in the field and laboratory, respectively. Results revealed that the highest seed yield and quality of French bean was observed in H3. On the contrary, seed harvested in H4 and stored in cool room (with the mean temperature 18-20oC and relative humidity around 60-70%) recorded the highest storability compared to ambient condition. However, seeds harvested in H3 and H5 were also showed better storability in cool room as well as ambient conditions. To sum up, all the seed quality parameters were satisfactorily well up to 12 months of storage then it declined in quality.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(4): 641-656, December 2015

scholarly journals Seed quality effects on seedling emergence, plant stand establishment and grain yield in two-row barley

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. RAJALA ◽  
M. NISKANEN ◽  
M. ISOLAHTI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Yielding Capacity ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Plant Stand

Seed viability and vigour play important roles in seedling emergence, plant stand establishment and yield potential. The majority of cereal fields in Finland are typically sown with farm saved seed (FSS). If the quality of the seed is not known, there can be insidious yield reduction. This research was conducted to study the effects of seed quality on seedling emergence rate, seedling number and yielding capacity. The study comprised three-year field experiments conducted during 2007–2009, established at three sites: Jokioinen, Nousiainen and Ylistaro. Spring barley cultivars Saana (2007) and Annabell (2008-2009) were sown at rate of 500 germinating seeds m-2. Five seed lots were included as treatments: farm saved seed (FSS); downgraded seed 2.7 mm); upgraded seed >2.7 mm with disinfection (FSS>2.7 mm + dis); and commercial certified seed with disinfection (CCS). Up- and down-graded seed lots (FSS2.7 mm, and FSS>2.7 mm + dis) all originated from the FSS. Seedling emergence rate was measured from the time when coleoptiles started to break through the soil surface. The number of seedlings (3 × 1 m row per plot) was recorded at five-day intervals four times from the same rows. Plots were harvested at physiological maturity and grain yield (kg ha-1), hectolitre weight (HLW, kg) single grain weight (SGW, mg) and grain protein content (%) were recorded. Seed lots of CCS and FSS>2.7 mm + dis enhanced seedling emergence rate and increased the number of plants compared with other treatments. These two seed lots also produced the highest grain yield and had the lowest grain protein. Seed quality had an apparent effect on plant stand establishment and grain yield. A seed lot effect was evident despite identical targeted sowing rates that took into account germination rate and seed weight. Therefore, differences in seedling emergence and yielding capacity were likely outcomes of variation in seed vigour among the five treatments.;

Effect of swathing and desiccation time on seed yield and quality of flax

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Gubbels ◽  
D. M. Bonner ◽  
E. O. Kenaschuk
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Glufosinate Ammonium ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Yield And Quality

In field studies conducted between 1986 and 1990, flax (Linum usitotissimum L.) was swathed or desiccated with diquat, glufosinate-ammonium and glyphosate at various times between the 0 and 100% brown capsule stages to determine the optimum stage for treatment and extent of seed yield and quality losses from early treatment. Maturity stage, at the maximum value for yield and quality parameters, varied considerably from one test to another. Maximum yield occurred on average at 30% capsule moisture (75% brown capsules) for swathing, 29% for diquat, 26% for glufosinate-ammonium and 17% for glyphosate. Yield reductions for swathing or application of diquat or glufosinate-ammonium ranged up to 32% for earliest treatments, but only to 13% for glyphosate. Seed weight, volume weight and oil content were minimally reduced by early treatment, least by glyphosate, while iodine value was not markedly affected. Key words: Flax, Linum usitotissimum L., swathing, desiccation, yield, seed quality, diquat, glufosinate-ammonium, glyphosate

Foliar Penetration and Phytotoxicity of Paraquat as Influenced by Peanut Cultivar1

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wehtje ◽  
J. W. Wilcut ◽  
J. A. McGuire ◽  
T. V. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

Abstract Field studies were conducted over a three year period to examine the sensitivity of four peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars (Florunner, Sunrunner, Southern runner, and NC 7) to foliar applications of paraquat (1, 1′-dimethyl-4, 4′-bipyridinium ion). Treatments included an untreated control and four herbicide treatments: paraquat applied alone at 0.14 and 0.28 kg/ha, or tank mixed with alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2, 6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] at 4.40 kg/ha. Weeds were hand-removed so that only herbicidal treatments were variables. Paraquat phytotoxicity did not differ between cultivars. No cultivar evaluated was abnormally sensitive nor tolerant to any paraquat-containing treatment. Laboratory studies utilizing radio labelled paraquat revealed that foliar absorption and translocation of paraquat did not vary between peanut cultivars. Yield differences were attributed to differences in yield potential between cultivars.

Spikelet abortion in six-rowed barley is mainly influenced by final spikelet number with potential spikelet number acting as a suppressor trait

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roop Kamal ◽  
Quddoos H Muqaddasi ◽  
Yusheng Zhao ◽  
Thorsten Schnurbusch
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Spikelet Number ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Pass Through

Abstract The potential to increase barley grain yield lies in the indeterminate nature of its inflorescence meristem (IM). The IM produces spikelets, the basic reproductive unit in grasses, which are linked to reproductive success. During early reproductive growth, barley spikes pass through the maximum yield potential—a stage after which no new spikelet ridges are produced. Subsequently, spikelet abortion (SA), a phenomenon in which spikelets abort during spike growth, imposes a bottleneck on increasing the grain yield potential. Here, we studied the potential of main culm spikes by counting potential spikelet number (PSN), final spikelet number (FSN) and computed the corresponding SA (%) in a panel of 417 six-rowed spring barleys. Our phenotypic data analyses showed a significantly large within- and across-years genotypic variation with high broad-sense heritability estimates for all the investigated traits, including SA. Asian accessions displayed the lowest SA indicating the presence of favorable alleles that may be exploited in breeding programs. A significantly negative Pearson’s product-moment correlation was observed between FSN and SA. Our path analysis revealed that PSN and FSN explain 93% of the observed phenotypic variability for SA with PSN behaving as a suppressor trait magnifying the effect. Based on a large set of diverse barley accessions, our results provide a deeper phenotypic understanding of the quantitative genetic nature of SA, its association with traits of high agronomic importance, and a resource for further genetic analyses.

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