scholarly journals Carryover Effects of Prohexadione-calcium on Apples

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1340-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane W. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Carryover Effects ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Physiological Resistance ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Proheaxadione-calcium (ProCa) was applied to `Spencer' apple trees at rates between 250 to 750 mg·L–1 after harvest but before leaf fall. The following spring terminal growth was reduced linearly from early petal fall through the growing season to leaf fall. ProCa was applied after harvest and before leaf fall at 500 mg·L–1 to `Spigold' apples. The carryover effect on terminal growth persisted for about 2 weeks after bloom. A combination of 500 and 82.5 mg·L–1 ProCa on `Spigold' in the fall and spring, respectively, reduced terminal growth greater than the individual treatments for about 3 weeks after petal fall. Recent report have shown that ProCa can induce physiological resistance to fire blight and apple scab when applied near petal fall. These data support the suggestion that ProCa may be used as a fall application and the carryover effects may result in early growth control. Potential benefits of the carry-over effects of ProCa for early-season suppression of fire blight and apple scab are discussed.

scholarly journals Savouring as an Intervention to Decrease Negative Affect in Anxious Mothers of Children with Autism and Neurotypical Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 652
Author(s):  
Ariel Pereira ◽  
Atiqah Azhari ◽  
Chloe Hong ◽  
Gerin Gaskin ◽  
Jessica Borelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Mother Child Relationships ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Individual

Savouring is an emotion regulation strategy and intervention that focuses on the process of attending, intensifying and prolonging positive experiences and positive affect associated with these memories. Personal savouring involves a reflection on positive memories that are specific to the individual and do not involve others. In contrast, relational savouring entails reflecting on instances when people were responsive to the needs of their significant others. Such interventions hold potential benefits in enhancing positive affect (PA) and reducing negative affect (NA) for both parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and parents of neurotypical children. Adults with greater symptoms of generalised anxiety have been found to have less PA and more NA. However, no study has investigated the effects of a mother’s anxiety symptoms on the efficacy of savouring in enhancing PA and reducing NA. Thus, this paper combined personal and relational savouring to investigate whether savouring may enhance PA and reduce NA of a pooled sample of mothers of neurotypical children and mothers of children with ASD. 52 mothers of neurotypical children and 26 mothers of children with ASD aged 3–7 years old were given a series of questionnaires and randomly assigned to either relational savouring or personal savouring conditions. In relational savouring, mothers were asked to reflect upon a shared positive experience with their child while in the personal savouring condition, a personal positive experience was recalled. Across mothers of children with ASD and neurotypical children, findings suggest that savouring leads to a decrease in NA (p < 0.01) but not increases in PA. Similarly, mothers with higher levels of anxiety experience a greater decrease in NA (p < 0.001) compared to mothers with lower levels of anxiety post-savouring. This study proposes that a brief savouring intervention may be effective among mothers of preschoolers. As lower levels of negative affect is linked to healthier psychological well-being, mothers might be able to engage in more effective and warm parenting after savouring exercises, which would cultivate positive mother-child relationships that benefit their children in the long-term.

Shoot growth control of pear trees (Pyrus communis L.) with prohexadione-calcium

2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Smit ◽  
J.J. Meintjes ◽  
G. Jacobs ◽  
P.J.C. Stassen ◽  
K.I. Theron
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Pyrus Communis L ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

scholarly journals The potential impacts of community drug checking within the overdose crisis: qualitative study exploring the perspective of prospective service users

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Wallace ◽  
Thea van Roode ◽  
Flora Pagan ◽  
Dennis Hore ◽  
Bernadette Pauly
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Drug Market ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Socioecological Model ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Universal Approach ◽  
Drug Checking ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background As drug checking becomes more integrated within public health responses to the overdose crisis, and potentially more institutionalized, there is value in critically questioning the impacts of drug checking as a harm reduction response. Methods As part of a pilot project to implement community drug checking in Victoria, BC, Canada, in-depth interviews (N = 27) were held with people who use or have used substances, family or friends of people who use substances, and/or people who make or distribute substances. Critical harm reduction and social justice perspectives and a socioecological model guided our analysis to understand the potential role of drug checking within the overdose crisis, from the perspective of prospective service users. Results Participants provided insight into who might benefit from community drug checking and potential benefits. They indicated drug checking addresses a “shared need” that could benefit people who use substances, people who care for people who use substances, and people who sell substances. Using a socioecological model, we identified four overarching themes corresponding to benefits at each level: “drug checking to improve health and wellbeing of people who use substances”, “drug checking to increase quality control in an unregulated market”, “drug checking to create healthier environments”, and “drug checking to mediate policies around substance use”. Conclusions Drug checking requires a universal approach to meet the needs of diverse populations who use substances, and must not be focused on abstinence based outcomes. As a harm reduction response, community drug checking has potential impacts beyond the individual level. These include increasing power and accountability within the illicit drug market, improving the health of communities, supporting safer supply initiatives and regulation of substances, and mitigating harms of criminalization. Evaluation of drug checking should consider potential impacts that extend beyond individual behaviour change and recognize lived realities and structural conditions.

Performance of prohexadione-calcium on shoot growth and fruit quality of apple — Effect of spray surfactants

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Cline ◽  
C. G. Embree ◽  
J. Hebb ◽  
D. S. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
The Us ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Vegetative growth control of apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is necessary to maintain a balance between growth and cropping. Pruning is a labour-intensive management practice to achieve this and intrinsically stimulates new growth. Prohexadione-calcium (PC) is a plant bio-regulator that effectively regulat es the shoot extension growth of apples and other tree fruits. Previous research has demonstrated that its efficacy can vary based on the use of spray surfactants and adjuvants. This study investigated the efficacy of two rates of Apogee™, the commercial form of PC, used in combination with the spray surfactants Sylgard 309 and LI 700, on extension shoot growth and yield parameters. Experiments were conducted in Ontario on Empire and Nova Scotia on Royal Court™ Cortland apples. Treatments of 0, 75 or 125 mg L-1 PC, with and without either 0.5% (vol/vol.) LI 700 surfactant or 0.05% (vol/vol) Sylgard 309 surfactant were applied to Empire trees, and 75 or 125 mg L-1 PC, with or without 0.5% (vol/vol) LI 700, were applied to Royal Court™ trees. An untreated control treatment was also included for comparison purposes. A total of two sprays were applied to the Empire trees and a total of three sprays were applied to the Royal Court™ trees. PC significantly decreased the vegetative growth of Empire and Royal Court™ trees by approximately 18 to 44%, respectively, and the efficacy of PC was enhanced when combined with either Sylgard 309 or LI 700 surfactant. No additional benefit in vegetative growth control was gained when using Apogee™ at rates of 125 mg L-1 PC, relative to 75 mg L-1 PC. The rate of Apogee™ did not influence the number of fruit or yield per tree or mean fruit size of either cultivar. For Empire, LI 700 and Sylgard 309 significantly reduced the number of fruit per tree, resulting in lower yields and crop densities. In addition, higher mean fruit weights, and a greater distribution of fruit in the larger size categories were observed for LI 700. Fruit from Royal Court trees treated with the highest rate of Apogee™ had higher crop densities, poorer coloured fruit, and a higher percentage of fruit less than 60 mm in diameter. These data provide support for the use of alternative surfactants with Apogee™ other than those listed on the US and Canadian product labels. Key words: Apogee™, Empire, Cortland, Regalis, calcium 3-oxido-5-oxo-4-propionylcyclohex-3-enecarboxylate, surfactant

scholarly journals Direct and apparent residual effects of prohexadione - calcium applied to young cropping sweet cherry trees

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Jacyna ◽  
Tomasz Lipa
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Internode Growth ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
Fruit Diameter ◽  
Cherry Trees

The same young cropping 'Regina' sweet cherry trees were foliar treated with prohexadione-calcium (Pro- Ca) in two consecutive years at a concentration of [ 125, 125 x 2, 250 ]-(A) and [ 250, 375, 500 ]-(B) mg ProCa l<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The following year some trees from A-treatments were left untreated to observe carry-over effects (C). None of A-treatments influenced tree trunk, shoot extension and internode growth, whereas B-treatments reduced shoot extension and internode length, simultaneously increasing flower bud density, particularly by 500 mg ProCa l<sup>-1</sup>. There were no carry-over effects produced by C-trees, except some retardation in shoot extension. None of the treatments influenced the tree cropping level. Fruit diameter was reduced by A-treatments, but fruit shape (L/D ratio) and mass were reduced by treatments B, and such reduction was also exhibited by C-trees (residual effects).

scholarly journals Concentration and periods of application of prohexadione calcium in the growth of strawberry seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Farias Barreto ◽  
Leticia Vanni Ferreira ◽  
Savana Irribarem Costa ◽  
Andressa Vighi Schiavon ◽  
Tais Barbosa Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

For strawberry cultivation in Brazil, producers are dependent on imported seedlings. An alternative strategy to reduce this dependence is the use of seedlings obtained from nursery plants grown in a protected environment. However, as these seedlings are produced in the summer and planted at the end of this season or the spring of the following year, it is necessary to control growth to reduce the energy costs of the plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations and periods of application of proexadione calcium (ProCa) on growth control of strawberry seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with seedlings of the cultivars ‘Aromas’ and ‘Camarosa’, produced by rooting stolons and kept in polystyrene trays of 72 cells in a substrate of carbonized rice husk. The experimental design was completely randomized, with a 4 × 2 factorial scheme (4 concentrations of ProCa: 0, 100, 200, and 400 mg L-1 × 2 periods of application: at 20 and 30 days after the planting period of rooting stolon). Plant survival, crown diameter, petiole length, total leaf area, specific leaf area, chlorophyll concentration, and dry mass of the crown and shoot were evaluated. The application of ProCa at 20 days after the planting period of the rooting stolon at the concentrations of 200 and 400 mg L-1 favored the reduction of petiole length in plants of ‘Aromas’ strawberry and total leaf aerial in ‘Camarosa’ strawberry. The application of ProCa from the concentration of 100 mg L-1 reduced the vegetative growth of ‘Aromas’ and ‘Camarosa’ strawberry seedlings cultivated in substrate.

Role of Culture in Electronic Business Diffusion in Developing Countries

2011 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Marwa M. Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Electronic Business ◽  
Technology Usage ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Business Technology ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

This chapter includes discussions pertaining to the role of culture in influencing electronic business diffusion in developing countries. In this chapter, the author discusses specific cultural factors and their influences on the individual components required for Internet rollout and use in developing countries. Cases from developing countries are also presented to illustrate the effects culture produces on the levels of electronic business technology usage. The discussions of the lessons learned from those cases along with the theoretical foundations presented throughout the chapter, culminate in the author’s provision of recommendations to the reader, deemed necessary for effectively increasing the diffusion of electronic business in developing countries as well as for reaping the potential benefits generated from its use.

Understanding Cancer

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Cultures

The aim of this chapter is provide an overview of cancer, a biologically similar, but diverse, group of diseases. Understanding the disease process will help the practising nurse to plan nursing care and to seek appropriate specialist advice. Cancer can affect almost any part of the body and has significance for different age groups and within different cultures, so the effect on the individual, the prognosis, and the treatment will significantly differ depending upon cancer site and treatment setting. This chapter will outline symptoms in relation to the site of the body affected to illustrate the effect of cancer on an individual, and consideration will also be given to the wider impact of the disease. This chapter is underpinned by the principles of evidence-based patient-centred care and will focus on the concepts associated with promoting lifestyles that reduce the risk of developing cancer, screening to identify those at risk, detection of early disease, and the care and management of the individual with and beyond cancer. Cancer refers to a condition in which there is abnormal growth of cells. The characteristics of cancer cells are that they divide uncontrollably, do not require stimulation for growth as do normal cells, and are not restrained by the presence of neighbouring cells. Because cancer is concerned with a failure in the growth control mechanism of the cell at a gene or DNA level and because there are potentially as many different types of cancer as there are types of body cell, no two cancers are exactly alike (Cancer Research UK, 2009). The site at which a cancer first develops (primary cancer), such as lung or breast, is often used broadly to describe it; however, cancer is generally defined by the origin of the type of cell that has become cancerous. The most frequent sites and types of cancer are as follows….● Carcinomas—arise in epithelial cells in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and other internal organs, and make up about 85% of all cancers (Cancer Research UK, 2010a) ● Haematological (blood and lymphatic system) cancers—arise from blood or bone marrow cells; include leukaemia, lymphoma, and myeloma, and make up about 7% of all cancers, but leukaemia is the commonest cancer in children (Cancer Research UK, 2010b)…

Developing Ethical Web- and Mobile-Based Technologies for Dementia

2019 ◽  
pp. 240-264
Author(s):  
Julie M. Robillard ◽  
Tanya E. Feng
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Cognitive Engagement ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Dementia Prevention ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Cross Platform ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Individual

The availability of web- and mobile-based technologies (WMBTs) for dementia prevention and care has grown exponentially over the last decade. These include computer-based resources such as online self-diagnostic tools, mobile-based resources such as applications (“apps”) that track lifestyle metrics or provide interactive platforms for cognitive engagement, and cross-platform resources such as websites providing health information. Despite their potential benefits, key ethical challenges have been identified in WMBTs for dementia both at the individual and societal levels, including issues of privacy, quality, and accessibility. This chapter explores the ethical challenges surrounding the use of WMBTs for dementia and highlights recent evidence on the positive and negative impacts of WMBT solutions. The chapter reviews development and design recommendations that have been put forward to maximize the benefits and minimize the harms of using WMBTs for dementia. It closes by looking to the future and proposing development considerations for future WMBT development.

KM Technologies and the Organizational LOE

2008 ◽  
pp. 104-118
Author(s):  
Victoria M. Grady ◽  
James D. Grady III
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Technology Change ◽  
Loss Of Stability ◽  
Global Organizations ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

The potential benefits of utilizing KM technologies in multinational and global organizations are of particular significance due to the inherent geographic distance and diversity of such organizations. Unfortunately, the process of constantly changing technology can be extremely disruptive at both the individual and organizational level. This chapter explores the relationship between KM technology change within the organization and the theory of an organizational loss of effectiveness (LOE). “The general Theory of Organizational Loss of Effectiveness is predicated upon organizational behavior resulting from a loss of stability, e.g. technology change, within an organization.” (Grady, 2005) The loss of stability, in the context of this theory, occurs when a defined set of symptoms develop in individuals and groups undergoing a change in technology. The assertion is that the development of these symptoms is predictable, and when viewed collectively, results in an organizational loss of effectiveness.

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