scholarly journals Postharvest Challenges for Organically Grown Orchard Fruit

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope Perkins-Veazie ◽  
Gene Lester
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
Chemical Inputs ◽  
Organically Grown

Switching from conventional to organic production requires a philosophical shift and recognition of different production system inputs plus postharvest handling challenges. First, and most obvious, is the replacement of common and readily available manufactured chemical inputs with approved “natural” or “nature-made compounds” (i.e., organic) for organic production. Many of these organic inputs may require new knowledge for successful implementation or may be less effective than conventional counterparts. Good orchard practices (e.g., cleanliness, bookkeeping) must be followed in an organic system just as they are in a conventional system. In addition, if processing (cider, sauces, or frozen fruit-sectioning preparations) is going to be part of the harvested operation, approved organic products will have to be used, and strict guidelines followed and documented. Organic versus conventional production system inputs can affect changes in the phytochemical and nutrient content of foods, and even change ripening patterns, which can affect harvest operations, marketing qualities, and consumer acceptance.

scholarly journals Nutritional and sensory value of conventionally vs organically grown Chinese radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. longipinnatus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
M. Jurica ◽  
K. Petříková
Keyword(s):  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Sensorial Evaluation ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Organically Grown

The nutritional and sensory value of Chinese radish, cv. Jarola F1, grown in organic and conventional systems was evaluated. The experiments were based on certified organic land and conventional land of the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague at the experimental station of Troja. Radish was grown in two spacings. Radish from the organic cultivation system exhibited a significantly lower dry matter content compared to the conventional production, 62.4 g/kg <br /> and 68.9 g/kg, respectively. This can be explained by growing under unwoven textile. Furthermore, radish cultivated organically had a significantly lower content of monosaccharides (17.2 mg/kg, while the conventional production contained 26.1 mg/kg) and significantly higher contents of nitrates. The content of vitamin C in organic production tended to be higher (212 mg/kg, in conventional production 169 mg/kg). The crude fibre content or the content of minerals was not significantly affected by the growing system. Growing spacing did not affect the nutritional value. Organically produced radish had better sensorial evaluation. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Organic Onion Production in Nalanda: Using Eco-Friendly Agri. Bios Inputs

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
M. D. Ojha ◽  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Divya Tiwari ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Manish Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Biodynamic Preparations ◽  
Organically Grown ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable

Organic agriculture seeks to augment ecological process that foster plant nutrition while conserving soil and water resources. Organic systems eliminate agrichemicals and reduce other external inputs to improve the environment as well as farm economics. It is a production system which favours maximum use of organic materials like crop residues, FYM, compost, green manures, oil cakes, biodynamic preparations and bio fertilizers etc. to enhance crop production, carbon sequestration and improve soil health. Organic production system is based on specific and precise standards of production which aim to achieving agro-ecosystems which are socially and ecologically sustainable. As demand for organically grown food has been growing rapidly and significant proportion of consumers believe that organic food is qualitatively better than non organic, the present study showed not only the quality of the produce but also quantitatively higher yield that touched the world record production (660 q/ha) in Nalanda Bihar.

scholarly journals Vegetative parameters of apple cultivars in integrated and organic production systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dremák ◽  
Á. Csihon ◽  
I. Gonda
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Training System ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Lower Trunk ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Apple Production

Success of apple production is highly influenced by the applied production system and the planted cultivar. In this paper growing characteristics of 39 apple cultivars were studied in integrated and organic production systems. These kind of parameters are less studied in the cultivar and training system examinations, although they have huge effect on the training and maintaining of canopy, on the pruning necessity, ultimately on the production costs. According to our results the thickness of the central axis of apple trees showed significant differences between the integrated and the organic systems. Axis of the trees with lower trunk thickness tapers more slightly in the integrated production system, than in the case of the trees with thicker trunk in the organic system. Thicker axis is not accompanied by thicker trunk, namely the thickness of the central leader starts to decrease stronger in the organic production system, compared to the integrated one.

scholarly journals Poultry litter and fresh mulch of Elephant grass improve the organic potato production

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Yagi ◽  
Nilceu Ricetti Xavier de Nazareno ◽  
Jackson Kawakami
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Production System ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Marketable Potato

ABSTRACT The organic production system for potato is usually limited by the occurrence of diseases and nutrient shortage. In these cases, fresh grass mulch and organic fertilization can interact in the foliar late blight infestation and increase the yield and quality of marketable potato tubers, in the organic production system. Aiming to validate this hypothesis, four poultry litter doses (0 Mg ha-1, 10 Mg ha-1, 20 Mg ha-1 and 30 Mg ha-1), which were incorporated into the soil at the pre-planting stage of organic grown potato combined with the presence and absence of fresh mulch (60 Mg ha-1) composed of chopped Elephant grass, were tested. The incorporation of poultry litter into the soil at the pre-planting of potato or the use of fresh grass mulch after the potato hilling inhibits the late blight infestation on leaves, in the organic system. The application of fresh grass mulch after the hilling operation enhances the effect of organic fertilization at the pre-planting of potatoes. The pre-planting application of poultry litter increases the yield and decreases the specific gravities of marketable potato tubers in association with fresh grass mulch. The use of poultry litter at pre-planting and fresh grass mulch improve the sustainable potato cropping in the organic production system.

scholarly journals Planting density and yield of sweet pepper grown in an organic system

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Wagner Barata Silva ◽  
Bruno Diniz Nogueira da Silva ◽  
Ariana Lemes da Costa ◽  
Kaique Castro Cézar ◽  
Luiz Antônio Augusto Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Production System ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Organic System

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield and fruit quality of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) genotypes grown at various planting densities, in an organic production system under protected cultivation. The experiment was carried out in duplicate, to compare the yield and fruit quality of the 'TE 300', 'Mallorca', and ‘Timor’ sweet pepper genotypes, at the densities of 2, 4, 6, and 8 plants m-2. A randomized complete block design was used, with three replicates, in split plots. Mean fruit size and mass, yield per plant, and total yield were measured. Dunnett’s test was used to compare means between the standard density of 2 plants m-2 and the other densities. Scott-Knott’s test was used to compare the densities within each genotype. The increase of planting density in the organic production system provided a yield similar to that of the conventional system. A greater density increases yield and reduces the production cycle, without impairing the fruit size or quality of the ‘TE 300’ and ‘Timor’ genotypes. The densities of 8 plants m-2 for ‘TE 300’ and 'Timor', and of 6 plants m-2 for ‘Mallorca’ show the highest total yield per hectare.

scholarly journals Production components and yield of bushing snap bean in conventional and organic production systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 3353
Author(s):  
Guilherme Renato Gomes ◽  
Felipe Favoretto Furlan ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Freiria ◽  
Leandro Simões Azeredo Gonçalves ◽  
Lúcia Sadayo Assari Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Average Mass

Production systems influence crops differently, mainly in terms of yield. However, there are few studies that have evaluated different bushing snap bean genotypes in different systems. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the production components and yield of bushing snap beans in conventional and organic production systems. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, in a factorial 6 × 2 arrangement, corresponding to six genotypes and two production systems, with three replications. The genotypes Isla Manteiga Baixo®, Isla Macarrão Baixo®, Feltrin Vicenza Amarelo Baixo®, and Feltrin Macarrão Napoli®, UEL 1, and UEL 2 were submitted to the following determinations: days to flowering; plant height; medium number of pods per plant; average pod mass, length, and diameter; and yield of commercial pods. A joint analysis of variance was conducted by applying the F test, with mean comparison performed using the Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Anthesis of the genotypes Feltrin Vicenza Amarelo Baixo, UEL 2, Isla Macarrão Baixo, and Feltrin Macarrão Napoli is anticipated in the conventional production system. The genotype UEL 2 shows higher precocity in anthesis within the conventional system. The genotypes Isla Manteiga Baixo and UEL 1 produce more pods per plant in the conventional system. In the organic system, the genotype Feltrin Macarrão Napoli produces double the number of pods per plant compared with Isla Manteiga Baixo. The organic system leads to greater plant height and average mass, length, and diameter of pods in relation to the conventional system. The commercial pod yield of bushing snap bean is not altered by differences in the production system or genotype.

scholarly journals Univariate and multivariate procedures for agronomic evaluation of organically grown tomato cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline C Araujo ◽  
Samuel FP Telhado ◽  
Rogério H Sakai ◽  
Carlos AS Ledo ◽  
Paulo CT Melo
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Worldwide Production ◽  
Multivariate Procedures ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Organically Grown

ABSTRACT Tomato is one of the most important crops, the worldwide production in 2012 reached 161.8 million tons. Considering the lack of agronomic information on already available cultivars as well as on the varieties under development by breeding programs for organic systems, the objectives of this work were determine the yield components of 14 tomato cultivars in the organic system, through univariate and multivariate analysis. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replications and five plants per plot. Evaluations consisted of total, marketable and non-marketable yield and number of marketable fruits per plant, in 2010. We carried out analysis of variance, using test F 5%. The effect of cultivar was fixed and the block effect was random. Then, means were ranked according to Scott-Knott 5%. Differences among cultivars were significant for total yield, number of marketable fruits per plant and marketable yield. The mean for total yield among cultivars was 51 t/ha and for marketable yield was 41 t/ha. Cultivars IAC 1 and Santa Clara were the least dissimilar (0.38). On the other hand, cultivars HTV 0601 and IAC 3 were the most dissimilar (10.63). The score dispersion graph showed two distinct groups. The second group contained cultivars HTV 0601, Granadero, Bari and Netuno, which stood out in the evaluation for the organic production system, presenting the highest total yield, marketable yield and number of marketable fruits per plant. Multivariate analysis was effective in identifying clusters of cultivars.

scholarly journals Performance of advanced potato genotypes in organic and conventional production systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Carlos Francisco Ragassi ◽  
Agnaldo DF de Carvalho ◽  
Giovani Olegário da Silva ◽  
Gabriel Emiliano Pereira ◽  
Arione da S Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Input Use ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
New Cultivars

ABSTRACT Potato is responsive to intensive agricultural input use; however, it can be produced in less intensive production systems (such as the organic system) by using appropriate production techniques and genotypes adapted to this system. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of advanced potato genotypes for tuber yield under conventional and organic production systems, in order to select potential genotypes to become new cultivars adapted to these systems. Fifteen advanced potato clones and two controls were evaluated under organic and conventional production systems, in 2016 and 2017, in Brasília-DF, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replicates and plots composed of two rows with 10 plants each, spaced 0.35 m between plants and 0.80 m between rows. Total (mass) and marketable (mass and number of tubers) productivities were evaluated. Variance analysis showed significant differences among genotypes for all traits. Despite the lower average tuber yield in the organic system, selecting genotypes with high potential productivity was possible in this system, such as F158-08-01 and F158-08-02, showing high marketable tuber yield, with values equivalent to the conventional system. Clones F102-08-04, F13-09-07, F-18-09-03, F-183-08-01, F-21-09-07, F31-08-05, F63-10-07 and F97-07-03 also outperformed the control cultivars in organic system. For conventional system, F158-08-01, F158-08-02 and F183-08-01 were superior, and F18-09-03, F21-09-07, F63-10-07, F97-07-03, PCDINV10 and PCDSE090 showed performance similar or superior to the most productive control (cultivar Asterix). Genotypes F158-08-01 and F158-08-02 were superior in both conventional and organic systems, with potential to become new cultivars recommended for both production systems.

scholarly journals Lower nitrogen nutrition determines higher phenolic content of organic apples 

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanauskas Juozas ◽  
Kviklys Darius ◽  
Liaudanskas Mindaugas ◽  
Janulis Valdimaras ◽  
Uselis Nobertas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Organically Grown

Phenolic content of apples from an integrated and organic apple tree orchard was analysed at the Institute of Horticulture of Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in 2012–2013. Apples of ‘Lodel’ and ‘Aldas’ cultivars on rootstock B.396 in 8–9<sup>th</sup> leaf were tested. Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were applied annually at the rates of 50 kg/ha N and 66.4 kg/ha K in an integrated fruit orchard. A mixture of perennial grasses with 25% of white clover was sown in interrows in the second year after tree establishment in the organic production system. Every two years sward in alternate interrows was tilled for natural organic matter mineralization. Fertilizers were not used in the organic apple orchard. Organic apples of both cultivars had a higher content of procyanidins B1 and B2, phloridzin, chlorogenic acid, (+)-catechin, and (–)-epicatechin. Organic ‘Aldas’ apples also contained more hyperoside, avicularin and quercitrin than non-organic apples. On average, the total phenolic content of organic apples of both cultivars was 43% higher than that of apples from the integrated orchard. These differences could be explained by nitrogen nutrition: the N content in organically grown apple leaves was significantly lower than that in leaves from the integrated production system. Tree trunk diameter and yield of organic apple were less, and fruits were better coloured.

scholarly journals LYCOPENE CONTENT OF ORGANICALLY GROWN TOMATOES

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 503D-503
Author(s):  
P. Perkins-Veazie ◽  
J.K. Collins ◽  
W. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Storage Treatment ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Lycopene Content ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Organically Grown ◽  
And Storage

Reports on the lycopene content of tomatoes vary widely with country and source of fruit (field, greenhouse, retail). This study was done to compare the lycopene content of organically grown tomatoes, and to compare fully red fruit to those ripened after harvest. Thirteen tomato cultivars (12 beefsteak and one Roma type) were planted in land designated as transitional organic and fertilized with organic poultry litter. No additional fertilizer was applied. Pesticides approved for organic use were applied as necessary. Fruit at the turning to firm red stages were harvested and held at 20 to 28 °C until the soft red stage was reached (about 2 to 8 days). Day 0 fruit at pink to soft red stages was harvested at the same time. Multiple harvests were made for 6 weeks, until 10 fruit per cultivar and ripeness stage and storage treatment were obtained. Lycopene content of firm red and soft red fruit were similar, and was 50 to 65 mg·kg–1 for all the round fruit types, and 115 mg·kg–1 for the Roma type. Fruit ripened after harvest without ethylene were able to obtain similar levels of lycopene, even in those fruit harvested with just a trace of color. `Sunmaster' and `Solar Set' tomatoes grown organically were similar in lycopene content to those grown in previous years in a conventional production system. These results show that organically grown tomatoes can achieve normal to high levels of lycopene. Tomatoes ripened after harvest without ethylene can achieve the lycopene content of fruit harvested fully ripe.

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