scholarly journals Impact of Environments on the Accumulation of Capsaicinoids in Capsicum spp.

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1576-1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulsi Gurung ◽  
Suchila Techawongstien ◽  
Bhalang Suriharn ◽  
Sungcom Techawongstien
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Capsicum Spp

The use of a chili fruit is distinguished by its capsaicinoid content, which shows many beneficial effects in food and pharmaceutical applications. However, chilies exhibit wide variations in the accumulation of capsaicinoids depending on their genotype and environmental interaction. Therefore, we conducted experiments to evaluate the capsaicinoid responses of 14 cultivars of chili across four different elevations. Experiments were conducted during the rainy season from June to Oct. 2009 at elevations of 200 m asl (Khon Kaen) and 680 m asl (Chiang Mai) in Thailand and from Apr. to Sept. 2010 at elevations of 1400 m asl (Lobesa) and 1630 m asl (Kabesa) in Bhutan. A high-performance liquid chromatography technique was used to determine capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. Significant differences were observed among the cultivars, the locations, and the cultivar-by-location interactions. Large variations of cultivar effects indicate that it is possible to select cultivars for capsaicinoid concentration that are adapted over a wide range of environments. Average capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and total capsaicinoids were greater at higher elevations in a particular year. There was significant correlation between capsaicin and total capsaicinoid contents with elevations, but capsaicinoid yield showed negative correlation. Small-fruited cultivars with high pungency showed consistent capsaicinoid production over different environments. Dallay khorsaney, KKU-P-22006, KKU-P-31141, and KKU-P-21041 cultivars showed high stability for pungency, producing high capsaicinoids at all four locations.

scholarly journals Electroacupuncture Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Nausea in Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxue Cui ◽  
Linpeng Wang ◽  
Guangxia Shi ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
Pei Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Solitary Tract ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Fos Expression

Objective Acupuncture has been shown to be effective for the treatment of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms of action underlying the anti-emetic effect of electroacupuncture (EA). Design Forty-eight rats received saline (n=12) or 6 mg/kg cisplatin (n=36) to establish a chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting model. EA was performed at CV12 (n=12), bilateral PC6 (n=12), or sham points (n=12) 3 days before and 1–2 days after cisplatin administration (4–5 times in total), at 0.5–1 mA intensity and 2/15 Hz frequency for 10 min. Kaolin intake, food intake and bodyweight change were evaluated as markers of nausea and vomiting severity. Concentrations of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in the duodenum and c-Fos expression in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) were measured using high performance liquid chromatography and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results Cisplatin administration led to increased kaolin intake and reduced food intake and bodyweight over the following 2 days. EA at CV12 significantly reversed the cisplatin-induced change in kaolin intake (on days 1 and 2) and food intake and bodyweight (on day 1). EA at CV12 also attenuated the cisplatin-induced increase in 5-HT in the duodenum and suppressed c-Fos expression in the NTS. EA at PC6 influenced kaolin intake (on day 1 only) and c-Fos expression, but had no statistically significant effect on food intake, bodyweight or 5-HT expression. Conclusions This study demonstrated beneficial effects of EA on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in a rat model. The anti-emetic effect of EA may be mediated through inhibition of 5-HT secretion in the duodenum and activity of the NTS.

scholarly journals Chemical Constituents of Snake Fruit (Salacca zalacca (Gaert.) Voss) Peel and in silico Anti-aging Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Ermi Girsang ◽  
I Nyoman Ehrich Lister ◽  
Chrismis Novalinda Ginting ◽  
Adrian Khu ◽  
Butter Samin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponin ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Skin aging is a condition where skin is unable to retain both its physiological and structural integrity. Plants is the main source of phtytochemicals compound with wide range of biological activities. Through the efforts of ongoing scientific researches, an increasing number of plant extracts and phytochemicals have been showed promising result as anti-aging agent. Snake fruit (Salacca zalacca (Gaert.) Voss) is tropical plant belongs to the palm tree family (Arecaceae) that served as important crop in Indonesia. Despite its utilization, the phytochemical compound available in snake fruit, especially its peel have not been well documented. Present study aimed to elucidate the phytochemical constituent of snake fruit peel and its anti-aging potency.Materials and Methods: Snake fruit peel extract (SPE) was subjected to qualitative phytochemical assay, high performance liquid chromatography, and molecular docking towards protein related in skin aging.Results: The screening showed SPE contained phytochemical compound belong to flavonoid, tannin, phenol, triterpenoid, saponin and alkaloid. Thus, based on the analysis only chlorogenic acid was present in SPE whilst rutin and caffeic acid were not detected. The SPE was contained chlorogenic acid around 1.074 mg/g dry weight. Chlorogenic acid had the high binding affinity towards matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 (-9.4 kcal/mol).Conclusion: Current findings may provide scientific evidence for possible usage of SPE and its compounds as antioxidant and anti-aging agent.Keywords: Salacca zalacca, phytochemical compound, high performance liquid chromatography, anti-aging

Determination of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A, and Zearalenone in Mixed Feeds, with Detection by Thin Layer Chromatography or High Performance Liquid Chromatography

1981 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1356-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary V Howell ◽  
Philip W Taylor
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mixed Feeds ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract A sensitive, reliable, and economical method for the determination of 6 mycotoxins in mixed feeds is described. The feed is extracted with chloroform-water and the extract is cleaned up by using a disposable Sep-Pak silica cartridge. The procedure requires less time (15 min from sample extraction to extract preparation) and less solvent (approximately one-tenth) compared with conventional methods and is suitable for a fast, economical screen. Additional cleanup procedures, involving dialysis or extraction into base, are described for samples containing high levels of interfering compounds. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection are described for identification and estimation of mycotoxins. The method has been applied to a wide range of mixed feeds, including laboratory animal diets, and raw materials. The limit of detection is 1 μg/kg for all mycotoxins measured by HPLC.

Vulcanization Chemistry. Sulfur, Nt-Butyl-2-Benzothiazole Sulfenamide Formulations Studied by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

1992 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Sullivan ◽  
Cynthia J. Hann ◽  
George H. Kuhls
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Side Reaction ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Vulcanization Process ◽  
Intermediate Concentration

Abstract The paper reports on the sulfur vulcanization chemistry of cis-polyisoprene formulations accelerated with N-t-butyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is utilized to examine the kinetics of accelerator—sulfur disappearance and the formation—disappearance profiles of extra-network cure intermediates across the vulcanization process. Cure profile measurements are reported on three formulations covering a wide range of sulfur—accelerator ratios. Also unique aspects of the analytical methodology are highlighted. The observed cure-intermediate concentration profiles reinforce earlier theories about the chemical details of sulfurization and subsequent crosslinking. On all formulations, benzothiazole polysulfides (S1−S4) reach a maximum concentration at the scorch midpoint coincident with slope changes in reactant and product profiles. Although pendant-accelerator crosslink precursors are not measured directly, their presence is implied from material balance calculations. Also, the formation of a small amount of benzothiazole early in the scorch period is a new observation in sulfenamide acceleration. It suggests that accelerator hydrolysis is a competitive side reaction early in the vulcanization process.

Measurement of elemental sulfur in soil and sediments - Field sampling, sample storage, pretreatment, extraction and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography

Soil Research ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Watkinson ◽  
A Lee ◽  
DR Lauren
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Plastic Range ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Wide Range

A rapid method for measuring elemental sulfur (S0) in soil and sediments is described that is accurate and precise down to a detection limit of 0.1 mg kg-l. Elemental sulfur is extracted into chloroform and measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. For moist samples, water is added to exceed their liquid limit. The method has been used to follow oxidation of both natural and fertilizer So in soil in the laboratory and field. Sediments analysed included some from lakes, and settling ponds containing coal mine wastes. Extraction within the plastic range was incomplete and recoveries as low as 5%-65% were found for five soils selected for a wide range of plastic limit. The plastic soil aggregates were not dispersed in the water-immiscible chloroform, preventing the dissolution of occluded S0; but at moisture levels above and below the plastic range, the soil was dispersed and extraction of S0 was quantitative. Extraction into a water-miscible solvent, chloroform-methanol (50 : 50), dispersed the soil at all moistures by dissolving the water thus preventing formation of plastic soil. This was less convenient because either volume correction for moisture was needed, or excess water added later to separate the chloroform. Measurement of total sulfur (S) in chloroform by inductively coupled plasma gave comparable results where samples contained S0 fertilizer, but at the lower natural levels they were much less precise and sometimes higher because of the additional S compounds extracted. Storage of moist soil below -10�C or air-dry soil at 20�C, gave no loss of S0 after one month. Moist soil at 20�C gave 40% loss after one week, but at 4�C the loss was only 5% after four weeks. Forced air-drying at 30�C, freeze-drying and microwave drying (under a narrow range of conditions) gave losses of about 5% for fertilizer S0 (<0.15 mm fraction), and of about 20% for smaller S0 crystals. In field trials with S0, sample variability was associated mostly with the difficulty of applying the S0 uniformly and with the small number of particles applied per unit area. For particles <0.25 mm, variability from mixing of cores and sub-sampling was not so great.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Properties and Quality Control Methods of Hyaluronic Acid (Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
A. Kh. Amandusova ◽  
K. R. Savelyeva ◽  
A. V. Morozov ◽  
V. A. Shelekhova ◽  
V. N. Shestakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Turbidimetric Titration ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction. This review describes the physicochemical properties that determine the use of hyaluronic acid in ophthalmology. We have studied methods for determining hyaluronic acid using various analytical methods.Text. Hyaluronic acid is a high molecular weight glycosaminoglycan that consists of repeating disaccharides of N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucuronic acid. Carboxyl, hydroxyl and acetoamide groups give hydrophilic properties to the molecule of this anionic heteropolysaccharide. Depending on how the hyaluronic acid is obtained, its molecular weight varies over a wide range. Researchers developed methods for controlling hyaluronic acid, which include the turbidimetric titration method, the method of high-performance capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography and IR spectroscopic method.Conclusion. Due to its properties, hyaluronic acid is widely used as an active ingredient in pharmaceutical preparations. Today, there are a number of methods for the determination of hyaluronic acid, including the method of turbidimetric titration, the method of capillary electrophoresis. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and IR spectroscopy methods are presented in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia and the European Pharmacopoeia. These techniques are widely used due to their high reproducibility, accuracy, and relative simplicity.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF FLAVONOIDS IN IRAQI HONEY AND COMPARISON WITH OTHERS KIND BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH UV DETECTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-175
Author(s):  
Saadiyah A. Dhahir ◽  
Ameera H. Hamed
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Test Range ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phase Column ◽  
Reversed Phase Column

Honey is rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids, which exhibit a wide range of biological effects and act as natural antioxidants. The analysis of polyphenols has been regarded as a very promising way of studying floral and geographical origins of honeys. The aim of this study was to determine, flavonoid in honey samples collected from different region in Iraq and Comparison with others kind. The flavonoids which measured in honey samples are (Myricetin, Quercetin, Hesperdin, Naringenin, Apigenin, Kaempferol, Chrisin). Chromatographic Separation was performed using a reversed phase column C18 and acetonitrile 60% (v/v) flow rate 1.0 ml/min, pH 5.5 at 280 nm. All calibration curves of the flavonoid compounds showed good linearity   (r -0.9999) within the test range. Concentration of flavonoids ranged from Myricetin (1.903- 18.5) mg/kg, Quercetin (3.31-22.01) mg/kg, Hesperdin (4.55-16.2) mg/kg, Naringenin (3.2-24.68) mg/kg, Apigenin (6.76-28.81) mg/kg, Kaempferol (3.31-38.13) mg/kg, Chrisin (2.0-28.0) mg/kg respectively.

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