scholarly journals Red Light-emitting Diode Light Irradiation Improves Root and Leaf Formation in Difficult-to-propagate Protea cynaroides L. Plantlets In Vitro

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1490-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
How-Chiun Wu ◽  
Chun-Chih Lin
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Dihydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Red Leds

The effects of light quality emitted by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the growth and morphogenesis, and concentrations of endogenous phenolic compounds of Protea cynaroides L. plantlets in vitro, were investigated. Plantlets were cultured under four light treatments: conventional fluorescent lamps (control), red LEDs (630 nm), blue LEDs (460 nm), and red + blue LEDs (1:1 photosynthetic photon flux). Four phenolic compounds extracted from the plantlets were analyzed: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid. The highest rooting percentage was observed in plantlets cultured under red LEDs (67%) compared with 7% under conventional white fluorescent light, 13% under blue LEDs, and 13% under red + blue LEDs. The highest number of roots per plantlet was also found under red LEDs, whereas a significantly lower number of roots per plantlet was obtained under the other light treatments. Furthermore, red light promoted the formation of new leaves in P. cynaroides plantlets. However, the highest leaf dry weight (53.8 mg per plantlet) was found in plantlets irradiated by the combination of red and blue LEDs. Phenolic analyses showed that the lowest concentrations of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (4.3 mg·g−1), gallic acid (7.0 mg·g−1), and ferulic acid (7.4 mg·g−1) were detected in plantlets exposed to red light, whereas those irradiated by white fluorescent light contained the highest concentration. A significant inverse correlation (r = –0.419) was established between 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and rooting percentage. Strong inverse correlations were also established between 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and number of roots per plantlet (r = –0.768) as well as between ferulic acid and number of roots per plantlet (r = –0.732). These results indicate that the stimulation of root formation in P. cynaroides plantlets under red LEDs is the result of the low endogenous concentrations of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and ferulic acid.

scholarly journals Growth of Impatiens, Petunia, Salvia, and Tomato Seedlings under Blue, Green, and Red Light-emitting Diodes

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 734-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Marie Wollaeger ◽  
Erik S. Runkle
Keyword(s):  
Light Quality ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Shoot Weight

Plant growth and architecture are regulated in part by light quality. We performed experiments to better understand how young plants acclimate to blue (B), green (G), and red (R) light and how those responses can be used to produce plants with desirable morphological characteristics. We grew seedlings of impatiens (Impatiens walleriana), salvia (Salvia splendens), petunia (Petunia ×hybrida), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under six sole-source light-emitting diode (LED) treatments or one cool-white fluorescent treatment that each delivered a photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 160 µmol·m−2·s–1 for 18 h·d−1. Leaf number was similar among treatments, but plants grown under 25% or greater B light were 41% to 57% shorter than those under only R light. Plants under R light had 47% to 130% greater leaf area and 48% to 112% greater fresh shoot weight than plants grown under treatments with 25% or greater B. Plants grown under only R had a fresh shoot weight similar to that of those grown under fluorescent light for all species except tomato. In impatiens, flower bud number at harvest generally increased with B light, whereas in tomato, the number of leaflets with intumescences decreased with B light. This research discusses how light quality can be manipulated for desired growth characteristics of young plants, which is important in the production of specialty crops such as ornamentals, herbs, and microgreens.

scholarly journals Effects of Red light on the Growth of Zantedeschia Plantlets in vitro and Tuber Formation Using Light-emitting Diodes

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruey-Chi Jao ◽  
Chien-Chou Lai ◽  
Wei Fang ◽  
Sen-Fuh Chang
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tuber Formation ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Red Leds

Effects of light generated by red and blue light-emitting diodes on the photomixotrophic growth of Zantedeschia jucunda `Black Magic' plantlets in vitro and tuber formation after transplant under the same PPF and photoperiod were investigated. All five treatments had the same photosynthetic photon flux (PPF, 80 ± 5 μmol·m-2·s-1) and photoperiod (16 hours daytime/8 hours nighttime), leading to the same daily light integral. Results showed that the tubular fluorescent lamp (TFL) treatment had the highest value on chlorophyll content and dry weight accumulation than other treatments using light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In LED treatments, there were no significant differences on dry weight and growth rate but with significant differences on chlorophyll content and plant height when blue light LEDs were added. It revealed that blue light was involved in plant height and chlorophyll development control mechanism. Results also showed that minor difference in 28 days of transplant production (in vitro) among treatments does not extends after 6 months of tuber formation stage grown in greenhouse. At present, blue LEDs cost much more than that of red LEDs, results of this study suggested that using red LEDs alone and powered with AC is feasible for the commercial production of Zantedeschia plantlets in vitro.

scholarly journals Growth and Carbohydrate Metabolism of Wheat Plants Grown with Red-light Emitting Diodes

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 863C-863
Author(s):  
N.C. Yorio ◽  
M. Sanwo ◽  
C.S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Small Mass ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Red Leds

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are a potential light source for growing plants in space flight systems because of their superior safety and reliability, small mass and volume, electrical efficiency, and longevity. To determine the influence of narrow-spectrum LEDs on plant growth and metabolism, wheat (Triticum aestivum L. `Superdwarf') plants were grown under red LEDs (peak emission 660 nm) and compared to plants grown under daylight fluorescent, red LEDs + 1% blue fluorescent light (BL), and red LEDs + 10% BL. Plants were taller, had longer flag leaves, and delayed seed development when grown under red LEDs or red LEDs + 1% BL compared to those grown with 10% BL or under daylight fluorescent. Viable seeds (290% germination) were produced in all plants regardless of the light treatment. Total dry matter (DM), head DM, and seed DM were similar in the plants grown under the four light regimes, and there were no differences in the starch content of the seeds. Starch levels were 4-times greater and sucrose levels were 2.5-times greater in leaves of plants grown under the red LEDs compared to daylight fluorescent. Daylight fluorescent leaves showed a 1.8-fold increase in sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity, a regulatory enzyme of sucrose synthesis. These results indicate that wheat can be grown successfully under red LEDs, but there are differences in carbohydrate concentration and metabolism in photosynthetic tissue.

scholarly journals Improving Spinach, Radish, and Lettuce Growth under Red Light-emitting Diodes (LEDs) with Blue Light Supplementation

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil C. Yorio ◽  
Gregory D. Goins ◽  
Hollie R. Kagie ◽  
Raymond M. Wheeler ◽  
John C. Sager
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Spinacea Oleracea ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Red Leds

Radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Cherriette), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Waldmann's Green), and spinach (Spinacea oleracea L. cv. Nordic IV) plants were grown under 660-nm red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and were compared at equal photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) with either plants grown under cool-white fluorescent lamps (CWF) or red LEDs supplemented with 10% (30 μmol·m-2·s-1) blue light (400-500 nm) from blue fluorescent (BF) lamps. At 21 days after planting (DAP), leaf photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance were greater for plants grown under CWF light than for those grown under red LEDs, with or without supplemental blue light. At harvest (21 DAP), total dry-weight accumulation was significantly lower for all species tested when grown under red LEDs alone than when grown under CWF light or red LEDs + 10% BF light. Moreover, total dry weight for radish and spinach was significantly lower under red LEDs + 10% BF than under CWF light, suggesting that addition of blue light to the red LEDs was still insufficient for achieving maximal growth for these crops.

scholarly journals Critical Photoperiod and Optimal Quality of Night Interruption Light for Runner Induction in June-Bearing Strawberries

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1996
Author(s):  
Yali Li ◽  
Jie Xiao ◽  
Jiangtao Hu ◽  
Byoung Ryong Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Red Light ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Red Led ◽  
Critical Photoperiod ◽  
Closed Walk ◽  
White Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Optimal Quality

The optimal photoperiod and light quality for runner induction in strawberries ‘Sulhyang’ and ‘Maehyang’ were investigated. Two experiments were carried out in a semi-closed walk-in growth chamber with 25/15 °C day/night temperatures and a light intensity of 250 μmol·m–2·s–1photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) provided from white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In the first experiment, plants were treated with a photoperiod of either 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, or 22 h In the second experiment, a total of 4 h of night interruption (NI) light at an intensity of 70 μmol·m–2·s–1PPFD provided from either red, blue, green, white, or far-red LED in addition to 11 h short day (SD). The results showed that both ‘Sulhyang’ and ‘Maehyang’ produced runners when a photoperiod was longer than 16 h, and the number of runners induced positively correlated with the length of photoperiod. However, the plant growth, contents of chlorophyll, sugar and starch, and Fv/Fo decreased in a 22 h photoperiod. All qualities of the NI light, especially red light, significantly increased the number of runners and daughter plants induced per plant as compared with those in the SD treatment in both cultivars. In a conclusion, a photoperiod between 16 and 20 h and NI light, especially red NI light, can be used for quality runner induction in both ‘Sulhyang’ and ‘Maehyang’.

scholarly journals Application of Wireless Power Transmission Led Lighting System in Propagation of Chrysanthemum and Strawberry

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-630
Author(s):  
N.B. NAM ◽  
N.P. HUY ◽  
V.Q. LUAN ◽  
H.T. TUNG ◽  
D.T. NHUT
Keyword(s):  
Power Transmission ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Wireless Power Transmission ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Led Lighting

ABSTRACT Wireless power transmission has been recently used to charge batteries in portable devices. This is the first study to combine this technology with light-emitting diodes (WPT-LP) for plant tissue culture application. We also present the comparison of the in vitro growth of chrysanthemum and strawberry plantlets under the new LED lighting system; LED - Uni-Pack (LP) system; LED tube and fluorescent light (FL). The results showed that fresh weight (1.42 g), dry weight (118.67 mg), plant height (5.68 cm), leaf area (3.59 cm2) and chlorophyll content (47.9 μg g-1) of chrysanthemum plantlets under the WPT-LP system were higher than those under FL and LED tube. Similar results were also recorded on the strawberry plantlets. Our results suggested that utilizing WPT-LP system saves the culture space considerably compared with the conventional downward lighting system with fluorescent lamps. The results also indicated that the subsequent growth and development of chrysanthemum and strawberry plantlets derived from WPT-LP system were either equal to or better than those from LP system under LED tube or FL.

scholarly journals Effects of Light-Emitting Diodes on the Accumulation of Glucosinolates and Phenolic Compounds in Sprouting Canola (Brassica napus L.)

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Park ◽  
Nam Kim ◽  
Jong Park ◽  
Sook Lee ◽  
Jong-Won Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Sprout Growth

In this study, we investigated optimal light conditions for enhancement of the growth and accumulation of glucosinolates and phenolics in the sprouts of canola (Brassica napus L.). We found that the shoot lengths and fresh weights of red light-irradiated sprouts were higher than those of sprouts exposed to white, blue, and blue + red light, whereas root length was not notably different among red, blue, white, and blue + red light treatments. The accumulations of total glucosinolates in plants irradiated with white, blue, and red lights were not significantly different (19.32 ± 0.13, 20.69 ± 0.05, and 20.65 ± 1.70 mg/g dry weight (wt.), respectively). However, sprouts exposed to blue + red light contained the lowest levels of total glucosinolates (17.08 ± 0.28 mg/g dry wt.). The accumulation of total phenolic compounds was the highest in plants irradiated with blue light (3.81 ± 0.08 mg/g dry wt.), 1.33 times higher than the lowest level in plants irradiated with red light (2.87 ± 0.05 mg/g dry wt.). These results demonstrate that red light-emitting diode (LED) light is suitable for sprout growth and that blue LED light is effective in increasing the accumulation of glucosinolates and phenolics in B. napus sprouts.

scholarly journals The effects of plant density and irrigation on phenolic content in cauliflower 

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Kałużewicz ◽  
Jolanta Lisiecka ◽  
Monika Gąsecka ◽  
Włodzimierz Krzesiński ◽  
Tomasz Spiżewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Coumaric Acid

This study was conducted to study the influence of plant density and irrigation on the content of phenolic compounds, i.e., phenolic acids and flavonols in cv. ‘Sevilla’ cauliflower curds. Levels of phenolic acids and flavonols were in the range of 3.0–6.2 mg and 25.4–87.8 mg/100 g of dry weight, respectively, depending on plant density and irrigation. Of the phenolic acids, caffeic acid was detected in the highest amount, followed by p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, gallic acid, and ferulic acid. Of the two flavonols detected, the levels of quercetin were higher than those of kaempferol. The content of the detected phenolic acids (with the exception of ferulic acid) and both flavonols increased with increasing plant density. Furthermore, the concentration of phenolic compounds (with the exception of ferulic acid) was significantly higher under irrigation.

The Effect of Heating Temperature on Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Phenolic Compounds of Plum and Mahaleb Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (11-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Ghafoor ◽  
Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed ◽  
Süleyman Doğu ◽  
Nurhan Uslu ◽  
Gbemisola J. Fadimu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dihydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Different Temperatures

AbstractThe effect of heating at different temperatures (60, 80, 90, 110, and 130 °C) on the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and phenolic compounds present in plum and mahaleb fruits was investigated. The antioxidant activity values and total phenolic contents of fresh plum (93.82% measured by DPPH method, 787.79 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g dry weight determined by Folin method) and mahaleb fruits (81.80%, 634.47 mg GAE/100 g dry weight) were higher than plum and mahaleb fruits dried at different temperatures (p < 0.05). Generally, the heating process caused a reduction in both total phenolic content and antioxidant activity for plum and mahaleb. While (+)-catechin (92.62 mg/kg), 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (132.15 mg/kg), gallic acid (107.01 mg/kg), and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (74.59 mg/kg) are the key phenolic compounds in fresh plum, (+)-catechin, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, and syringic and caffeic acids were the major phenolic compounds of mahaleb fruits. The polyphenol content of fruits and the class of phenolics present are significantly affected by heating temperature.

Fundamentals and Applications of Red Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) In Vitro Plant Growth on Tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill

2019 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Nguyen Phuc Thien
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Red Led ◽  
In Vitro Plant ◽  
Normal Light

The aim of these studies was mainly to investigate the effects of monochromatic LEDs applied singly on the in vitro plant growth and morphogenesis. Various morphological and physiological parameters are considered that influence the growth and development of plants in vitro under red LED light as compared to those under normal light. Upon exposure to LED, in vitro-raised plants have shown significant improvements in growth and morphogenesis. In particular, red and blue lights, either alone or in combination, have a significant influence on plant growth. The present study gives an overview of the fundamentals of LEDs and describes their effects on in vitro plant growth and morphogenesis and their future potentials. The main objective of this study was to carry out line and combing ability of plant growth on tomato.

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