scholarly journals Drip Irrigation in California Strawberry Nurseries to Reduce the Incidence of Colletotrichum acutatum in Fruit Production

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Daugovish ◽  
Mark Bolda ◽  
Sukhwinder Kaur ◽  
Maren J. Mochizuki ◽  
Daniel Marcum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Crown Tissue ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Canopy Size

Strawberry anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatum is often asymptomatic on plants in sprinkler-irrigated nurseries but destructive after transplantation into fruiting fields. This study evaluated the impact of strawberry nursery sprinkler and drip irrigation in the presence or absence of C. acutatum on post-transplantation plant growth, mortality, and fruit yield in fruiting fields in California. In a 2005 nursery at Tulelake, CA, dip infestation of mother plants with C. acutatum reduced early-season mother plant canopy size by 21% and delayed runner production in mother plants but otherwise had no obvious disease symptoms. In comparison with sprinkler-irrigated treatments in the nursery, drip irrigation of infested nursery plots reduced plant losses in fruit production fields by 86% at Watsonville, CA, in 2005 and 50% and 75% at Oxnard, CA, in 2005 and 2008. Transplants from infested nursery treatments had a 33% to 60% smaller canopy and 11% to 42% lower yield than transplants from uninfested nursery treatments. However, transplant canopy size and yield from the infested and then drip-irrigated nursery treatment were similar to the sprinkler-irrigated, non-infested nursery treatment. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction measurements of C. acutatum in crown tissue of fruiting field plants seven weeks after transplanting showed significantly more C. acutatum (≈11×) in their crowns in sprinkler-irrigated than drip-irrigated, infested nursery transplant treatments. During the course of fruit production, the amount of C. acutatum in crown tissue increased in all treatments. However, at the end of the fruit season, there was still significantly more (≈8×) C. acutatum in the crowns of the plants produced by sprinkler irrigation than by drip irrigation in the nursery. These data suggest that if C. acutatum is present in the nursery, drip irrigation can reduce subsequent plant stunting and yield losses in strawberry production fields.

scholarly journals Irrigation Method and Rowcover Use for Strawberry Freeze Protection

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Hochmuth ◽  
Salvadore J. Locascio ◽  
Stephen R. Kostewicz ◽  
Frank G. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Heavy Weight ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Protected Plants ◽  
Freeze Damage ◽  
Freeze Protection

Three irrigation treatments (none, drip, and sprinkler) and eight rowcover treatments were evaluated for their capacity to provide freeze protection for strawberries (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) in a split-plot factorial field experiment. The period under study included 20 freeze events, two events with minima of -9.5C and -10.0C. With no freeze protection, up to 93% of the flowers were damaged by freezes. Among sprinkler-irrigated plants, an average of only 10% flowers were damaged due to the freezes. Heavy-weight rowcovers (polyethylene blanket and polypropylene, 30 and 50 g·m-2, respectively) protected strawberry flowers as well as sprinkler irrigation to -4.4C. Early yield (December-January) from unprotected plants was negligible. Early yields from plants protected with a 3.2-mm polyethylene blanket or a 50 g·m-2 polypropylene cover were equal to yields obtained with sprinkler-protected plants. Combinations of sprinkler and certain rowcover treatments provided for better fruit production than either treatment alone. Drip irrigation alone provided no protection from freezes. All strawberry plants recovered from freeze damage and total-season yields were similar with all irrigation methods and rowcovers.

scholarly journals Impact of Colletotrichum acutatum Pathogen on Olive Phenylpropanoid Metabolism

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Gouvinhas ◽  
Paula Martins-Lopes ◽  
Teresa Carvalho ◽  
Ana Barros ◽  
Sónia Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Metabolism ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
The Impact

Olive anthracnose caused by the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Colletotrichum acutatum is a serious threat to the olive sector. Olive oil and fruit production is severely constrained by Colletotrichum spp. infection, being C. acutatum the most distributed pathogen in Portuguese olive orchards. To understand the impact of C. acutatum on phenylpropanoids biosynthesis, the enzyme activity, phenolic compounds, ortho-diphenols, and flavonoids content were determined and correlated with the expression of gene encoding key enzymes within phenylpropanoids metabolism in susceptible and tolerant olive fruits, during maturation and when infected with C. acutatum. Differences between cultivars was observed, the tolerant olive cv. Picual presented a higher basal value and a stable phenolic content throughout the infection process, supporting its high C. acutatum tolerance, whereas in the susceptible olive cv. Galega these secondary metabolites were significantly increased only after the elicitation with C. acutatum.

scholarly journals Preplant Fungicide Dips of Strawberry Transplants to Control Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum acutatum in California

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Daugovish ◽  
Hai Su ◽  
W. Douglas Gubler
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Canopy Size

Bare-root daughter plants of strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) were inoculated with Colletotrichum acutatum, the cause of crown rot, root rot, and fruit rot of strawberry in California. Plants were subsequently dipped in fungicide solutions or washed with running tap water immediately before planting in Summer and Fall 2002 and Fall 2004. Fungicide treatments reduced plant dieback by up to 92% in fruit production fields. Plants treated with azoxystrobin, the premixtures of boscalid + pyraclostrobin and cyprodinil + fludioxonil had 50% to 92% reduction in disease incidence, increased canopy size by more than 100%, and produced significantly higher marketable yields in all planting dates than the inoculated plants that were not treated with the fungicides. Chlorothalonil and captan also significantly reduced disease incidence but did not consistently increase marketable yield compared with the untreated, inoculated control. The effects of propiconazole and trifloxystrobin were inconsistent in reducing disease incidence. Water wash did not reduce root and crown disease incidence but significantly increased marketable yields by 13% over the untreated, inoculated controls in one of two plantings. No pretransplant treatments provided protection against fruit and foliar infection; thus, in-season fungicide applications would be necessary for disease control in commercial production fields if environmental conditions favored disease development.

scholarly journals Clinical Relevance of Corticosteroid Withdrawal on Graft Histological Lesions in Low-Immunological-Risk Kidney Transplant Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2005
Author(s):  
Domingo Hernández ◽  
Juana Alonso-Titos ◽  
Teresa Vázquez ◽  
Myriam León ◽  
Abelardo Caballero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Protocol Biopsy ◽  
Corticosteroid Withdrawal ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Prospective Phase ◽  
Kidney Transplant Patients ◽  
The Impact

The impact of corticosteroid withdrawal on medium-term graft histological changes in kidney transplant (KT) recipients under standard immunosuppression is uncertain. As part of an open-label, multicenter, prospective, phase IV, 24-month clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02284464) in low-immunological-risk KT recipients, 105 patients were randomized, after a protocol-biopsy at 3 months, to corticosteroid continuation (CSC, n = 52) or corticosteroid withdrawal (CSW, n = 53). Both groups received tacrolimus and MMF and had another protocol-biopsy at 24 months. The acute rejection rate, including subclinical inflammation (SCI), was comparable between groups (21.2 vs. 24.5%). No patients developed dnDSA. Inflammatory and chronicity scores increased from 3 to 24 months in patients with, at baseline, no inflammation (NI) or SCI, regardless of treatment. CSW patients with SCI at 3 months had a significantly increased chronicity score at 24 months. HbA1c levels were lower in CSW patients (6.4 ± 1.2 vs. 5.7 ± 0.6%; p = 0.013) at 24 months, as was systolic blood pressure (134.2 ± 14.9 vs. 125.7 ± 15.3 mmHg; p = 0.016). Allograft function was comparable between groups and no patients died or lost their graft. An increase in chronicity scores at 2-years post-transplantation was observed in low-immunological-risk KT recipients with initial NI or SCI, but CSW may accelerate chronicity changes, especially in patients with early SCI. This strategy did, however, improve the cardiovascular profiles of patients.

scholarly journals The DEAD/DEAH Box Helicase, DDX11, Is Essential for the Survival of Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and Is a Determinant of PARP Inhibitor Sensitivity

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2574
Author(s):  
Jee Soo Park ◽  
Myung Eun Lee ◽  
Won Sik Jang ◽  
Koon Ho Rha ◽  
Seung Hwan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Parp Inhibitor ◽  
Renal Tumors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Normal Kidney ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Impact

Genes associated with the DEAD-box helicase DDX11 are significant biomarkers of aggressive renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but their molecular function is poorly understood. We analyzed the molecular pathways through which DDX11 is involved in RCC cell survival and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor sensitivity. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting determined DDX11 expression in normal kidney tissues, benign renal tumors, and RCC tissues and cell lines. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction validated the downregulation of DDX11 in response to transfection with DDX11-specific small interfering RNA. Proliferation analysis and apoptosis assays were performed to determine the impact of DDX11 knockdown on RCC cells, and the relevant effects of sunitinib, olaparib, and sunitinib plus olaparib were evaluated. DDX11 was upregulated in high-grade, advanced RCC compared to low-grade, localized RCC, and DDX11 was not expressed in normal kidney tissues or benign renal tumors. DDX11 knockdown resulted in the inhibition of RCC cell proliferation, segregation defects, and rapid apoptosis. DDX11-deficient RCC cells exhibited significantly increased sensitivity to olaparib compared to sunitinib alone or sunitinib plus olaparib combination treatments. Moreover, DDX11 could determine PARP inhibitor sensitivity in RCC. DDX11 could serve as a novel therapeutic biomarker for RCC patients who are refractory to conventional targeted therapies and immunotherapies.

scholarly journals Comparison of Tissue Loading Before and After the Creation of a Continuous Density Gradient in Porcine Islet Purification

Cell Medicine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 215517901878134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chika Miyagi-Shiohira ◽  
Yoshiki Nakashima ◽  
Nana Ebi ◽  
Eri Hamada ◽  
Yoshihito Tamaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Gradient ◽  
Stimulation Index ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pancreatic Islet Transplantation ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Porcine Pancreas ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Continuous Density ◽  
Porcine Islet ◽  
The Impact

The purification step is one of the most important and difficult procedures in islet isolation for pancreatic islet transplantation. We previously reported that a purification method using large plastic bottles effectively achieved a high yield of islets from the porcine pancreas. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the timing of tissue loading on porcine islet purification using large plastic bottles. One method involved loading digested tissue after creating a continuous density gradient (tissue after gradient [TAG]). The other method involved loading digested tissue before creating a continuous density gradient (tissue before gradient [TBG]). There were no significant differences between TAG and TBG in terms of the islet yield, rates of viability and purity, score, and in the stimulation index after purification. Furthermore, there were no marked differences in the attainability or suitability of post-transplantation normoglycemia. Our study shows the equivalency of these two methods of islet purification.

scholarly journals Impact of diabetes mellitus on bladder uroepithelial cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (2) ◽  
pp. R84-R93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann T. Hanna-Mitchell ◽  
Giovanni W. Ruiz ◽  
Firouz Daneshgari ◽  
Guiming Liu ◽  
Gerard Apodaca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Bladder Smooth Muscle ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
The Impact

Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD), a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is characterized by a broad spectrum of symptoms including urinary urgency, frequency, and incontinence. As DBD is commonly diagnosed late, it is important to understand the chronic impact of DM on bladder tissues. While changes in bladder smooth muscle and innervation have been reported in diabetic patients, the impact of DM on the specialized epithelial lining of the urinary bladder, the urothelium (UT), is largely unknown. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and electron microscopy were used to evaluate UT gene expression and cell morphology 3, 9, and 20 wk following streptozotocin (STZ) induction of DM in female Sprague-Dawley rats compared with age-matched control tissue. Desquamation of superficial (umbrella) cells was noted at 9 wk DM, indicating a possible breach in barrier function. One causative factor may be metabolic burden due to chronic hyperglycemia, suggested by upregulation of the polyol pathway and glucose transport genes in DM UT. While superficial UT repopulation occurred by 20 wk DM, the phenotype was different, with significant upregulation of receptors associated with UT mechanosensation (transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1; TRPV1) and UT autocrine/paracrine signaling (acetylcholine receptors AChR-M2 and -M3, purinergic receptors P2X2 and P2X3). Compromised barrier function and alterations in UT mechanosensitivity and cell signaling could contribute to bladder instability, hyperactivity, and altered bladder sensation by modulating activity of afferent nerve endings, which appose the urothelium. Our results show that DM impacts urothelial homeostasis and may contribute to the underlying mechanisms of DBD.

POST-TRANSPLANTATION ANEMIA AND THE IMPACT OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY: DATA FROM THE TRANCEPT OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
H T. Da Silva ◽  
U Heemann ◽  
P Merville ◽  
C Bernasconi ◽  
H-U Meier-Kriesche
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
The Impact

Immunological Stability ofClostridium difficileToxins in Clinical Specimens

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Schora ◽  
Lance R. Peterson ◽  
Elena A. Usacheva
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Toxin Detection ◽  
Discernible Effect ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Detection

OBJECTIVEThe impact of storage on stability and detection ofClostridium difficiletoxins in feces is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the immunological stability ofC. difficiletoxins in clinical stool specimens under different storage conditions by evaluating this stability using toxin detection by enzyme immunoassay (EIA).METHODSStool specimens positive forC. difficileinfection (CDI) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used for EIA testing with theC. difficileTox A/B II kit. The EIA-positive specimens were stored aerobically under refrigerated (4–10°C) and frozen (−30°C and −80°C) conditions. Measurement of toxin quantity was conducting using optical density (OD) on days 0, 14, 30, 60, 90, and 120 of storage.RESULTSClostridium difficiletoxins demonstrated good detection in undiluted stool specimens by EIA up to 120 days of storage. Good detection of the toxins was observed in diluted samples at refrigerated and −80°C temperatures. Dilution detrimentally affected toxin detection at −30°C.CONCLUSIONStorage of undiluted clinical stool specimens at refrigerated, −30°C, and −80°C temperatures for up to 120 days has no discernible effect on the immunological stability ofC. difficilecytotoxins. However, storage at −30°C has a detrimental effect onC. difficiletoxin stability in diluted specimens.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2018;39:434–438

Abstract 353: Mechanical (or “Gravitational”) Unloading Reduces Inflammatory and Cell Adhesion Molecule Gene Expression in Human Endothelial Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Marlene Grenon ◽  
Jesus Aguado-Zuniga ◽  
Michael Conte ◽  
Millie Hughes-Fulford
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Gravitational Unloading ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Adhesion Molecule Gene ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Mechanical forces including gravity affect mechanotransduction and subsequent cell function. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of mechanical unloading (MU) and loading (ML) of endothelial cells (ECs) with microgravity and hypergravity respectively, with the hypothesis that MU alters expression of inflammatory and adhesion molecule gene expression and these changes are reversed by ML. Methods: Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) grown to confluency were studied. A desktop random positioning machine and a gravitational cell-loading apparatus provided MU and ML conditions, respectively. The experimental conditions included: 1) controls exposed to 1-gravity environment for 24 h (CL), 2) MU for 24 hours, 3) MU for 24 hours with three 30-minutes periods of ML of 12-gravity (MU/ML). Gene expression was studied with reverse transcription followed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR). Results: MU led to a significant decrease in gene expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-Selectin, as well as TNF-α, IL-6 and VEGF. In contrast, NOS-3, Caveolin-1 and -2 were significantly increased with MU. The changes observed in gene expression with MU were reversed by gravitational mechanical loading (MU/ML). Conclusions: Gravitational MU decreases inflammatory and adhesion molecule gene expression and these changes are reversed by short periods of ML. This points towards the importance of gravitational loading in ECs function and cellular interactions.

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