scholarly journals Impact of diabetes mellitus on bladder uroepithelial cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (2) ◽  
pp. R84-R93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann T. Hanna-Mitchell ◽  
Giovanni W. Ruiz ◽  
Firouz Daneshgari ◽  
Guiming Liu ◽  
Gerard Apodaca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Bladder Smooth Muscle ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
The Impact

Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD), a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is characterized by a broad spectrum of symptoms including urinary urgency, frequency, and incontinence. As DBD is commonly diagnosed late, it is important to understand the chronic impact of DM on bladder tissues. While changes in bladder smooth muscle and innervation have been reported in diabetic patients, the impact of DM on the specialized epithelial lining of the urinary bladder, the urothelium (UT), is largely unknown. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and electron microscopy were used to evaluate UT gene expression and cell morphology 3, 9, and 20 wk following streptozotocin (STZ) induction of DM in female Sprague-Dawley rats compared with age-matched control tissue. Desquamation of superficial (umbrella) cells was noted at 9 wk DM, indicating a possible breach in barrier function. One causative factor may be metabolic burden due to chronic hyperglycemia, suggested by upregulation of the polyol pathway and glucose transport genes in DM UT. While superficial UT repopulation occurred by 20 wk DM, the phenotype was different, with significant upregulation of receptors associated with UT mechanosensation (transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1; TRPV1) and UT autocrine/paracrine signaling (acetylcholine receptors AChR-M2 and -M3, purinergic receptors P2X2 and P2X3). Compromised barrier function and alterations in UT mechanosensitivity and cell signaling could contribute to bladder instability, hyperactivity, and altered bladder sensation by modulating activity of afferent nerve endings, which appose the urothelium. Our results show that DM impacts urothelial homeostasis and may contribute to the underlying mechanisms of DBD.

Adjuvant Supplementation with L-Carnitine in Diabetic Population and its effects on Lipid Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2017-2019
Author(s):  
Rao Salman Aziz ◽  
Usman Saeed ◽  
Nasim Aslam Ghumman ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Asif Sohail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Triglyceride Level ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
Large Discount ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lipid Parameters

Background: Diabetes is a complicated disease requires continuous clinical care, to govern blood sugar. Aim: To decides the impact of management of L carentin to diabetics at the lipid profile. Methods: This study turned into performed on 120 diabetic Patients had been decided on from endocrinology and diabetes, inside decided on standards. The Patients distributed into three Strata (1st Strata of healthy population and two Strata of patients with diabetes who were on metformin and glibenclamide, one Strata took a L carnitine in a dose of 1000 mg TDS and a Strata dealing with a placebo for a period of ninety days). Results: It is observed those who are on Lcarnitine, confirmed a large discount (p <0.05) with inside the triglyceride level, at the same time as no large adjustments had been located withinside the level of cholesterol and HDL and LDL. Conclusion: These study outcomes that management of L carentin improved profile of lipid in type-2diabetic Patients. Keyword: Dyslipidemia, Diabetes mellitus (DM), l-carnitine (LC).

scholarly journals Contribution of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials to the Treatment of Diabetic Patients by Aid of Novel Inventions

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Shiva Najigivi ◽  
Seyedahmadreza Mirmotallebi ◽  
Alireza Najigivi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Temporal Response ◽  
Nanoscience And Nanotechnology ◽  
The Impact

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology are highly growing their significance in diabetic supplies and research nowadays. It is an area that included nanomaterials, nanosensors and nanostructures as well as nanoparticle projects and also their usage in human health research. Particularly, nanotechnology helps to the production of diabetic supplies, materials together with the development of novel glucose and insulin injection devices as well as their measurement sensors by the aid of nanomaterials. These materials mostly could be metal nanoparticles together with carbon nanostructures by nano dimension delivery mechanisms modalities which hold the potential to vividly recover the excellence of life of diabetic patients. Nanoscience and nanotechnology in diabetic research have facilitated and provided more truthful data for identifying diabetes mellitus. It is also worth mentioning that the nanotechnology could highly enhance the impact of drug delivery by addition of nanoscale materials and increase the glucose feeling, temporal response as well as glucose nursing. Furthermore, it is proposing novel nanoscale methods named closed-loop insulin delivery approaches which mechanically release insulin drug in reply to fluctuating blood glucose heights. Besides, the mixture of nanotechnology by medication has shaped a novel field of nanomedicine which could enhance human health level. It is worthwhile to mention that some of the applications of nanotechnology for the treatment of diabetic patients can be the production of diabetic supplies by nanotechnology. One of the most important diabetic instruments that could highly relieve the life of patients these days could be nano diabetic shoes which will describe here. In this research, applications of nanoscience and nanotechnology in treating diabetic patients were discussed.

scholarly journals Examining and investigating the impact of demographic characteristics and chronic diseases on mortality of COVID-19: Retrospective study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257131
Author(s):  
Abbas Al Mutair ◽  
Alya Al Mutairi ◽  
Saad Alhumaid ◽  
Syed Maaz Abdullah ◽  
Abdul Rehman Zia Zaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Background Epidemiological features characterization of COVID-19 is highly important for developing and implementing effective control measures. In Saudi Arabia mortality rate varies between 0.6% to 1.26%. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether demographic characteristics (age and gender) and non-communicable diseases (Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus) have a significant association with mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods Prior to data collection, an expedite approval was obtained from Institutional Review Board (IRB Log No: RC. RC20.09.10) in Al Habib Research Center at Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This is a retrospective design where we used descriptive and inferential analysis to analyse the data. Binary logistic regression was done to study the association between comorbidities and mortality of COVID-19. Results 43 (86%) of the male patients were non-survivors while 7 (14%) of the female patients were survivors. The odds of non-survivors among hypertensive patients are 3.56 times higher than those who are not having a history of Hypertension (HTN). The odds of non-survivors among diabetic patients are 5.17 times higher than those who are not having a history of Diabetes mellitus (DM). The odds of non-survivors are 2.77 times higher among those who have a history of HTN and DM as compared to those who did not have a history of HTN and DM. Conclusions Those patients that had a history of Hypertension and Diabetes had a higher probability of non-survival in contrast to those who did not have a history of Diabetes and hypertension. Further studies are required to study the association of comorbidities with COVID-19 and mortality.

scholarly journals Down-regulation of MAPK pathway alleviates TRPV4-mediated trigeminal neuralgia by inhibiting the activation of histone acetylation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidong Liu ◽  
Benfang Pu ◽  
Mindi Liu ◽  
Xuejun Zhang ◽  
Ran Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Histone Acetylation ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Infraorbital Nerve ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Down Regulation

AbstractOur objective of this study is to determine the molecular mechanism of MAPKs (mitogen activated protein kinase systems) on TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 4)-mediated trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Partial chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION) ligation model was used in this research. When treated with antagonists of p38, JNK or ERK, the mechanical hyperalgesia threshold, nerve fiber disorder, myelinoclasis, and Schwann cells proliferation could be reversed. RT-PCR (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction), Western blot and IHC (immunohistochemistry) showed that TRPV4 mRNA and protein levels, TRPV4-positive cells and small positive neurons decreased remarkably in TN group treated with antagonists of p38, JNK or ERK. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was performed to discover inhibition of MAPK pathway can down-regulate the expression of HATs (histone acetyltransferases), and up-regulate the expression of HDACs (histone deacetylases) in TN, thus inhibiting histone acetylation. Finally, Western blot was performed to identify the phosphorylation status of p38, JNK and ERK, finding decreased phosphorylation forms in antagonists treated TN groups compared with TN groups. Based on the above investigation method, on a whole, our study showed that down-regulation of MAPK pathway could alleviate TRPV4-mediated trigeminal neuralgia, via inhibiting the activation of histone acetylation.

scholarly journals Glycaemic Regulation with Zinc Combination in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Gangaram Bhadarge ◽  
Pratibha Dawande ◽  
Nandkishor Bankar ◽  
Raunak Kotecha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Low Levels

Introduction: Zn supplementation improved glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity and decreased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels in diabetic rats, revealing Zn's defensive effect against oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes. The investigators have discovered that consuming Zn increased liver function and protected pancreatic tissue from damage caused by diabetes. Since Zn also prevents chronic hyperglycemia, it helps to minimize oxidative stress caused by type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem that affects more than 3 million people worldwide (16% of population). Chronic hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress in diabetic patients by the development of free radicals (oxidants) and lowering the antioxidant protection mechanism. Aim: Glycaemic Regulation with Zinc Combination in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Materials and Methods: Faculty of Medicine and Diabetic Opd, Datta Meghe Mediсаl Соllege and Shаlinitаi Meghe Hоsрitаl аnd Reseаrсh Сenter, Nаgрur in соllаbоrаtion with Dаttа Meghe Institute оf Mediсаl Sсienсes Deemed to be University, Sаwаngi, Wаrdhа, Mаhаrаshtrа. Results: The mean Zn level was 12.213±2.342in all participants and 9.121±1.782 in the control group, whereas it was significantly low (9.121±1.782) in the diabetic group, and there was statistically significant difference in Zn levels between the controls and the diabetic group (P < 0.001).FBS, HbA1C, serum Zinc mean effects between control and patients showed statistically significant differences in type 2 diabetes mellitus (P <0.0001). Conclusion: Our findings show that people with diabetes have lower levels of Zn than healthy people. The cause and effect of the association between very low levels of Zn and the progression of diabetes, or diabetes that causes Zn deficiency, is still unknown. Low levels of Zn are associated with poor glycemic control, and poor glycemic control is a good indication of Zn deficiency, as there was a negative association between serum Zn and FBS and HBA1C. If diabetic patients have low glycemic regulation, a long history of diabetes, obesity, or are over the age of 50, we look to assess their levels in Zn so that Zn alternative treatment can begin to release oxidative stress in this high-risk group.

scholarly journals Interleukin-1-Beta and Dyslipidemic Syndrome as Major Risk Factors for Thrombotic Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana Bădulescu ◽  
Codruţa Bădescu ◽  
Manuela Ciocoiu ◽  
Magda Bădescu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Interleukin 1 Beta ◽  
Thrombotic Risk ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, a known risk factor for accelerated atherosclerosis and vascular disease. The aim of this study was to show that the connection between DM and other risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, inflammatory phenomena, or the development of certain vascular injuries, leads to a high frequency of thrombotic events in diabetic patients compared to the nondiabetic population. The study included one hundred eighty patients divided in the following groups: diabetic without ischemic cardiopathy-related disorders (DM), diabetic with clinical or off-clinical (electrocardiogram, cardiac ultrasound) ischemic cardiopathy-related disorders (DM + IC), and nondiabetic with ischemic cardiopathy-related disorders (IC). We investigated the following parameters: von Willebrand Factor, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, interleukin-1-beta, protein C, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1. The results achieved in our study have revealed the highest thrombotic risk among the groups of diabetic patients, which is in direct correlation with the high values of interleukin-1-beta and the modifications of lipid parameters, acknowledging the data in the literature, according to which hyperglycemia alters endothelial functions directly and indirectly by synthesis of growth factors and cytokines and generates metabolic disorders which would explain the high risk for thrombotic events.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
S. Pavithra ◽  
S. Lavanya ◽  
P. Vaishnavi ◽  
A. Rakesh Rosario ◽  
Priyadharshini A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 is a pathogenic virus that caused a pandemic outbreak in December 2019. The impact of this virus may be severe in the patients having co-morbidities like diabetes, hypertension, Chronic Kidney Disease, cardiovascular disease, etc. Aim and Objectives: This study Aims in Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on Diabetic and Hypertensive patients as well as COVID-19 patients without any co-morbidities. Objective of this is to evaluate the association between COVID-19 and its risk factors (diabetes and hypertension) and to evaluate whether the severity of the symptoms in COVID-19 patients is due to comorbidities or past medications. Methodology: A Retrospective study was conducted in SRM Hospital (Medical Records Department) for a period of 3 Months with the study population 670 at the age group of 25, known case of Diabetes and Hypertension. Cases of Pregnant women are excluded from the study. The patients were grouped into 4 categories 1) control group (patient without any co-morbidities) 2) diabetic patients 3) Hypertensive patient 4) Diabetic+Hypertension patient and studied their prescribing pattern by collecting the past medication history. Results and Discussion: There is a significant decrease in a lymphocyte in covid-19 Type 2 diabetic patients in our study. These results suggest that different mechanism exists for hypertension and diabetes mellitus as risk factors for covid-19. It is also known that these patients have impaired immune response to many infections [30]. In our retrospective study, we collected 670 covid-19 cases. It consists of 12.5% of diabetic patients and 6.6% of hypertensive patients. This study compared COVID-19 patients without any comorbidity (neither Type 2 diabetes mellitus nor hypertension) with covid- 19 patients with comorbidities (Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension). COVID-19 patients with T2DM have an increased level of D-dimer compared to non-T2DM patients. Conclusion: Diabetic and hypertensive patients affected with COVID-19 are low in our study. Out of the total study population, only 12.5% are diabetic, 6.56% are hypertensive, and 9.25% were both diabetic and hypertensive. But when comparing in terms of severity, hypertensive and diabetic patients have severe effects than the control patients. In simpler terms, not every person who has diabetes and hypertension are affected with COVID-19, but those who were affected by COVID-19 showed more severity than the patients who don't have any comorbidities

scholarly journals 711 Effect of Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass on HbA1c As Well As Number of Medications in Diabetic Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bhandari ◽  
M Rao ◽  
G Bussa ◽  
C Rao
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Glycosylated Haemoglobin ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Aim Roux en Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is known to ameliorate Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in morbidly obese patients. We aimed to determine both the reduction in the glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and the number of anti-diabetic medications (including insulin) in diabetic patients undergoing RYGB over a five-year period. Method We reviewed data of diabetic patients (n = 530) who underwent RYGB from January 2012 – December 2017, including those with a minimum of a 2-year post-operative follow up (n = 47). Preoperatively, BMI, HbA1c and the number of anti-diabetic medications and the duration of T2DM since diagnosis were recorded. These measurements were repeated at the end of the two year follow up. Results At the time of enrolment in the bariatric programme, the median BMI was 42.5 (range, 31.7-61.5) kg/m2, mean duration of T2DM was 58 months and median HbA1c was 59 (37-118) mmol/mol. The mean number of anti-diabetic medications taken, including insulin, was 2. At the end of 2-year follow-up, the median BMI was 32 (range, 24-41) kg/m2 and HbA1c was 41(range, 33-91) mmol/mol. 15 patients (31.9%) still required anti-diabetic medication, 12 of whom had a diagnosis of T2DM for 3 years or more at time of enrolment. Conclusions RYGB is strongly associated with a resolution of T2DM in morbidly obese patients. In those who were not resolved, the number of anti-diabetic medications taken and HbA1c were reduced. The impact of the surgery is dependent on the duration of T2DM since diagnosis preoperatively.

scholarly journals Thyroid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1906
Author(s):  
Mahesh Dave ◽  
Hazari Lal Saini ◽  
Ankit Gupta ◽  
Jitendra Singh Choudhary ◽  
Aniruddha Burli
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Thyroid Profile

Background: Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder which involves multiple organ systems and leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Diabetes mellitus has been defined as “A metabolic syndrome characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and disturbance of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism associated with absolute or relative deficiency in insulin secretion and or insulin action”. Thyroid diseases are also a common endocrinopathy seen in the adult population. Thyroid hormones are intimately involved in cellular metabolism. The present work is a modest attempt to study the prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: The study was carried out in total 108 diabetic patients without known thyroid disorder admitted in various Medical wards of R.N.T. Medical college and attached group of hospitals, Udaipur. It was a cross Sectional study done over a period of 10 months. Results: In the present study, 13% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had abnormal thyroid profile. Out of which the most common presentation was sub clinical hypothyroidism found in 9.25% followed by1.9% had overt hypothyroidism and 1.9% had sub clinical hyperthyroidism. In persons with abnormal thyroid profile 85.7% were females and 14.3% were males which was statistically significant.Conclusions: Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is common among T2DM patients and is higher in females than in males. There is no significant correlation between thyroid dysfunction and age, diabetes control, family history, type of treatment and HbA1c level in diabetic patients.

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