scholarly journals Fertility Source and Drought Stress Effects on Plant Growth and Essential Oil Production of Calendula officinalis

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria M. Anderson ◽  
Douglas D. Archbold ◽  
Robert L. Geneve ◽  
Dewayne L. Ingram ◽  
Krista L. Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Stress Effects

Organic and low-input production systems are increasingly of interest in medicinal plant production, such as Calendula officinalis, a medicinal plant grown for essential oils. However, in these systems the effects of nutrient availability and water stress may act singularly or in combination to affect plant growth and medicinal compound production. This study investigated the effects of organic and conventional fertility sources and drought stress effects on four calendula cultivars. Soil nitrogen (N) status, plant growth, productivity, and essential oil quality and quantity were measured. The plant growth response to increased N availability varied by cultivar, indicating that some cultivars may be better suited to low-input fertility regimes. Fertility source did not significantly affect essential oil quality or quantity. Drought stress reduced plant growth but increased the quality of essential oil, as indicated by the concentrations of specific constituents, although it did not reduce total oil yield. These results indicate that organic and low-input farming systems may significantly reduce plant growth, but may not necessarily affect essential oil yield or quality. As such, the sustainability of medicinal plant production systems may be improved by reductions in water and conventional fertilizers without significant reductions in medicinal compound production.

scholarly journals Drought Stress Effects and Olive Tree Acclimation under a Changing Climate

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brito ◽  
Dinis ◽  
Moutinho-Pereira ◽  
Correia
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Performance Impairment ◽  
Global Status

Increasing consciousness regarding the nutritional value of olive oil has enhanced the demand for this product and, consequently, the expansion of olive tree cultivation. Although it is considered a highly resilient and tolerant crop to several abiotic stresses, olive growing areas are usually affected by adverse environmental factors, namely, water scarcity, heat and high irradiance, and are especially vulnerable to climate change. In this context, it is imperative to improve agronomic strategies to offset the loss of productivity and possible changes in fruit and oil quality. To develop more efficient and precise measures, it is important to look for new insights concerning response mechanisms to drought stress. In this review, we provided an overview of the global status of olive tree ecology and relevance, as well the influence of environmental abiotic stresses in olive cultivation. Finally, we explored and analysed the deleterious effects caused by drought (e.g., water status and photosynthetic performance impairment, oxidative stress and imbalance in plant nutrition), the most critical stressor to agricultural crops in the Mediterranean region, and the main olive tree responses to withstand this stressor.

scholarly journals Asian Medicinal Plants’ Production and Utilization Potentials: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astutik ◽  
Pretzsch ◽  
Ndzifon Kimengsi
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Research Perspectives

Medicinal plants research in Asia continues to receive significant national and international attention, particularly concerning its multiple roles in poverty alleviation and health care support. However, scientific information on the institutional arrangements, the potentials of different medicinal plants production systems, and the utilization methods, remain highly fragmented. This incomprehensive information base shades the development of a comprehensive research agenda to improve the current body of knowledge, at least in the context of Asia. To address this impasse and propose future research perspectives, we systematically reviewed 247 journal articles, 15 institutional reports, and 28 book chapters. From the reviews, five key lessons are drawn: (i) Asian medicinal plant production systems demonstrate some dynamics, characterized by a gradual but continuous shift from wild gathering to cultivation, (ii) sub-regional variations exist with regards to the appreciation of medicinal plants potentials for traditional healing, modern healthcare and livelihoods support, (iii) knowledge on the effect of multi-scale institutional arrangements (formal and informal) on medicinal plant management practices is fragmented, (iv) very few studies dwell on the challenges of medicinal plants commercialization, particularly with regards to the role of middlemen, boom–bust cycle, raw material readiness, and product quality, and (v) law enforcement, benefit and knowledge sharing, and research and development should be prioritized to serve the interest of medicinal plants production actors. To further extend the body of knowledge on medicinal plants in Asia, we advance the need for empirical investigations on the performance of medicinal plants production systems and their contribution to livelihoods in diverse institutional contexts.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Drought Stress Effects on Pepper Seedlings by Exogenous Methylamine Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
Ertran Yildirim ◽  
Melek Ekinci ◽  
Raziye Kul ◽  
Metin Turan ◽  
Ayla Gür
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The study was conducted to determine effects of a new synthesis of methylamine on the plant growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics in pepper.  There were four irrigation levels [full irrigation (100%) (I0), 80% (I1), 60% (I2) and 40% (I3)] and two methylamine (MA) treatments (0, 2.5 mM). At the end of the study, it was observed that there were significant differences between applications and levels. Effects of MA treatments on plant growth (plant height, stem diameter, fresh, dry weight etc.), plant physiological and biochemical parameters [tissue electrical conductivity (TEC), tissue relative water content (TRWC), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, antioxidant enzyme activity], and plant nutrient element content of pepper seedlings under different irrigation levels were significantly important.  The results of the study showed that the drought stress conditions negatively affected the plant growth, increased the content of TEC, H2O2 and MDA, and decreased the TRWC and  plant mineral content in pepper. However, MA application improved plant growth and decreased TEC, H2O2 and MDA content compared to control in pepper under drought conditions. MA treated plants at I3 had higher shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight than non-treated plants by 12 and 20%, respectively.  In conclusion, MA application could mitigate the deleterious effects of the drought stress on the pepper seedlings.

scholarly journals Potential of Microbes Containing Formulations to Alter Growth and Phytochemicals of Medicinal Aromatic Plant- Foeniculum Vulgare

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeet Kamal ◽  
Baldi Ashish
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Aromatic Plant ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Sebacina Vermifera

Sustainable plant production with the integration of eco-friendly agricultural practices, low chemical inputs, minimal deleterious effects on human health and low cost methods, is the need of the moment. In this direction, scientific/industrial community, continuously exploring novel and reliable methods. Plant growth promoting microbes are proving more promising to achieve eco-friendly and sustainable agricultural outcomes. In the present study, individuals of Foeniculum vulgare, a valuable aromatic plant species with potential medicinal value, were inoculated with different plant growth promoting microorganisms: (1) Arbuscular mycorrhizal like fungi (Sebacina vermifera) (2) Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) (3) Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum). Response of individual microorganism species was evaluated with reference to the emergence, plant growth and yield of essential oil along with qualitative effects on essential oil. Comparatively, significant response of Sebacina vermifera, in the stimulation of emergence of seeds, growth of plant and yield enhancement of essential oil was observed. An enhanced synthesis of anethole (major chemical constituent) was also recorded. Moreover, the enhancement in growth of plants was dependent on the extent of colonization percentage. A periodic study of growth parameters indicates plant’s health and vitality influenced by Sebacina vermifera. The enhanced essential oil of seeds along with enhanced synthesis of anethole was in agreement with the assumption that Sebacina vermifera trigger defensive responses and hence improve phytochemical production. A mechanistic insight is also illustrated. In conclusion Sebacina vermifera possesses immense potentials in the pursuit of agro-ecological attributes of medicinal plant cultivation and crop production. It exerts excellent growth effects and enhances phytochemical production in medicinal plants.

scholarly journals Chamomile essential oil quality after postharvest separation treatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Milica Aćimović ◽  
Biljana Lončar ◽  
Biljana Kiprovski ◽  
Jovana Stanković-Jeremić ◽  
Marina Todosijević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Primary Processing ◽  
Postharvest Treatments ◽  
Drying Treatment ◽  
Short Stems ◽  
Chamomile Flowers

Ecological conditions of the growing areas, growing practices as well as harvest and postharvest processing influence the yield and quality of chamomile. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of chamomile separation methods, as postharvest treatments, on the essential oil quality and content, with a view to improve current primary processing of this valuable medicinal plant. In order to explain the structure of laboratory data that would give deeper assessment of similarities among various samples of chamomile essential oil, PCA was employed. Tested results showed that separation of chamomile plant material, as postharvest and pre-drying treatment, had significant influence on the number of identified compounds in the chamomile essential oil. The highest content of individual essential oil compounds had chamomile flowers with short stems, especially a-bisabolol, chamazulene, Z-spiroether and E-b-famesene. In the essential oil obtained from chamomile flowers with long stems, content of a-bisabolol and chamazulene were significantly lower, while E-b-famesene and Z-spiroether contents were significantly higher. Furthermore, in the essential oil obtained from chamomile plant material without separation, the lowest content of abisabolol and Z-spiroether, and the highest content of E-b-farnesene were recorded. The correlation analysis was performed to investigate the likeness in the amounts of the active compounds of essential oil from differently processed chamomile samples. All these results indicate the importance of precise and controlled postharvest treatments, since it clearly affects the essential oil quality and content in the primary processing of this valuable medicinal plant.

scholarly journals Advances in Wheat Physiology in Response to Drought and the Role of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria to Trigger Drought Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Manon Camaille ◽  
Nicolas Fabre ◽  
Christophe Clément ◽  
Essaid Ait Barka
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Stress Signal ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Multiple Challenges

In the coming century, climate change and the increasing human population are likely leading agriculture to face multiple challenges. Agricultural production has to increase while preserving natural resources and protecting the environment. Drought is one of the major abiotic problems, which limits the growth and productivity of crops and impacts 1–3% of all land.To cope with unfavorable water-deficit conditions, plants use through sophisticated and complex mechanisms that help to perceive the stress signal and enable optimal crop yield are required. Among crop production, wheat is estimated to feed about one-fifth of humanity, but faces more and more drought stress periods, partially due to climate change. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are a promising and interesting way to develop productive and sustainable agriculture despite environmental stress. The current review focuses on drought stress effects on wheat and how plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria trigger drought stress tolerance of wheat by highlighting several mechanisms. These bacteria can lead to better growth and higher yield through the production of phytohormones, osmolytes, antioxidants, volatile compounds, exopolysaccharides and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase. Based on the available literature, we provide a comprehensive review of mechanisms involved in drought resilience and how bacteria may alleviate this constraint

scholarly journals Improving Essential Oil Compositions of Purple Coneflower (Echinacea Purpurea L.) Medicinal Plant Using Novel Growing Media and Nutrition Pattern in Hydroponics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadi ◽  
Abbas Samadi ◽  
Ebrahim Sepehr ◽  
Amir Rahimi ◽  
Sergey Shabala
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Growing Media

Abstract Medicinal plants represent a valuable commodity due to beneficial effects of their natural products on human health, prompting a need for finding a way to optimize/increase their production. In this study, a novel growing media with various perlite particle size and its mixture with peat moss was tested for hydroponic-based production of Echinacea purpurea medicinal plant under greenhouse conditions. The plant growth parameters such as plant height, total fresh leave weight, fresh root weight, total biomass, total chlorophyll, leaf area, and essential oil compositions were assessed. Perlite particle size in the growing media was varied from very coarse (more than 2 mm) to very fine (less than 0.5 mm), and the ratio between perlite and peat moss varied from 50:50 v/v to 30:70 v/v. In addition, two NO3-/NH4+ ratios (90:10 and 70:30) were tested for each growing media. The medium containing very fine-grade perlite and 50:50 v/v perlite to peat moss ratio was found to be most optimal and beneficial for E. purpurea performance, resulting in maximal plant height, fresh and dry weight, leaf surface area, and chlorophyll content. It was also found that an increase in NO3-/NH4+ ratio caused a significant increase in plant growth parameters and increase the plant essential oil content. The major terpene hydrocarbons found in extract of E. purpurea with the best growth parameters were germacrene D (51%), myrcene (15%), α-pinene (12%), β-caryophyllene (11%), and 1-Pentadecene (4.4%), respectively. The percentages of these terpene hydrocarbons were increased by increasing of NO3-/NH4+ ratio. It can be concluded that decreasing the perlite particle size and increasing the NO3-/NH4+ ratio increased the plant growth parameters and essential oil compositions in E. purpurea.

scholarly journals Piriformospora indica, a Cultivable Plant-Growth-Promoting Root Endophyte

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 2741-2744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Varma ◽  
Savita Verma ◽  
Sudha ◽  
Nirmal Sahay ◽  
Britta Bütehorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Piriformospora Indica ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Root Endophyte ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Growth Promoting

ABSTRACT Piriformospora indica (Hymenomycetes, Basidiomycota) is a newly described cultivable endophyte that colonizes roots. Inoculation with the fungus and application of fungal culture filtrate promotes plant growth and biomass production. Due to its ease of culture, this fungus provides a model organism for the study of beneficial plant-microbe interactions and a new tool for improving plant production systems.

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