scholarly journals Asian Medicinal Plants’ Production and Utilization Potentials: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astutik ◽  
Pretzsch ◽  
Ndzifon Kimengsi
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Research Perspectives

Medicinal plants research in Asia continues to receive significant national and international attention, particularly concerning its multiple roles in poverty alleviation and health care support. However, scientific information on the institutional arrangements, the potentials of different medicinal plants production systems, and the utilization methods, remain highly fragmented. This incomprehensive information base shades the development of a comprehensive research agenda to improve the current body of knowledge, at least in the context of Asia. To address this impasse and propose future research perspectives, we systematically reviewed 247 journal articles, 15 institutional reports, and 28 book chapters. From the reviews, five key lessons are drawn: (i) Asian medicinal plant production systems demonstrate some dynamics, characterized by a gradual but continuous shift from wild gathering to cultivation, (ii) sub-regional variations exist with regards to the appreciation of medicinal plants potentials for traditional healing, modern healthcare and livelihoods support, (iii) knowledge on the effect of multi-scale institutional arrangements (formal and informal) on medicinal plant management practices is fragmented, (iv) very few studies dwell on the challenges of medicinal plants commercialization, particularly with regards to the role of middlemen, boom–bust cycle, raw material readiness, and product quality, and (v) law enforcement, benefit and knowledge sharing, and research and development should be prioritized to serve the interest of medicinal plants production actors. To further extend the body of knowledge on medicinal plants in Asia, we advance the need for empirical investigations on the performance of medicinal plants production systems and their contribution to livelihoods in diverse institutional contexts.

MEDICINAL PLANT TRADE AS A BUSINESS ALTERNATIVE IN ARAGUARI, MG, BRAZIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Tassiana Borges Silva ◽  
Mayker Lazaro Dantas Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Public Market

The use of products based on medicinal plants has arisen as a strong trend worldwide. They comprise a promising market which has already reach expressive figures and become an attractive business environment. However, despite the social and economic importance these plants have, neither Brazil nor Minas Gerais (MG) state have adequately invested in their production, industrialization and distribution. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the existence of trade patterns of medicinal plants at the Araguari Public Market in Araguari, a city located in MG, Brazil. The methodology comprised semi-structured interviews which were answered by medicinal plant salespersons on appropriate forms. Informants mentioned the sixteen most sold medicinal plants; regarding the number of species, the family Fabaceae stood out. Most identified species are tree-like plants that are native to biomes, such as the Cerrado and the Mata Atlântica. This study showed that medicinal plant production and trade follow a local pattern, i. e., plants are bought from third parties with no minimum quality standard, except in city pharmacies, where quality control is strict. However, concerning the Araguari Public Market, there is need to implement public policies on professional training aiming at people who sell medicinal plants, so as to add value to popular knowledge about these plants and to make clients develop trust in these services.                   

scholarly journals Plantas Medicinais Utilizadas por Moradores de Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brasil

REVISTA FIMCA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Catiane Alves Lima ◽  
Thiago Silva Campos ◽  
Barbara Santos Esteves
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
The Body ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Porto Velho

Introdução: Plantas medicinais são comumente utilizadas pelas populações desde a antiguidade. O uso dessas plantas pelos seres humanos tem sido objeto de estudo de vários levantamentos etnobotânicos. Objetivos: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o conhecimento tradicional da população da Vila DNIT (Porto Velho, Rondônia), relacionado ao uso de plantas medicinais. Materiais e Métodos: Este trabalho foi conduzido em agosto de 2017, constando de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Foram aplicados questonários em 26 residências da localidade Vila DNIT. Resultados: Foram listadas 17 espécies, classificadas em 14 famílias botânicas. As famílias botânicas mais citadas pelos moradores foram Lamiaceae, Chenopodiaceae e Poaceae. Os males citados tratados com o uso de plantas medicinais foram os dos sistemas respiratório e digestório, dores no corpo e inflamações. A folha foi a parte mais utilizada das plantas pelos moradores, sendo o fervimento e a infusão os principais modos de preparo. Conclusão: As pessoas da comunidade analisada fazem uso das plantas medicinais de modo a complementar seus cuidados com a saúde, sendo seus conhecimentos obtidos de geração para geração. O boldo (Plectranthus barbatus) foi a principal planta medicinal mencionada pelos moradores. Introduction: Medicinal plants are commonly used by populations since antiquity. The use of these plants by humans has been the object of study of several ethnobotanical surveys. Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze the traditional knowledge of the population of Vila DNIT (Porto Velho, Rondônia), related to the use of medicinal plants. Materials and Methods: This work was conducted in August 2017, consisting of semi-structured interviews. Questionnaires were applied to 26 residences in Vila DNIT. Results: 17 species were identified, classified into 14 botanical families. The botanical families most cited by the residents were Lamiaceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Poaceae. The mentioned evils treated with the use of medicinal plants were those of the respiratory and digestive systems, pains in the body and inflammations. The leaf was the most used part of the plants by the inhabitants, and the boiling and the infusion the main modes of preparation. Conclusion: People in the analyzed community use the medicinal plants to complement their healthcare, and their knowledge is obtained from generation to generation. The Boldo (Plectranthus barbatus) was the main medicinal plant mentioned by the residents.

scholarly journals PERMINTAAN DAN PENAWARAN TANAMAN OBAT TRADISIONAL DI PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Rahmad Syukur Siregar ◽  
Rika Ampuh Hadiguna ◽  
Insannul Kamil ◽  
Novizar Nazir ◽  
Nofialdi Nofialdi
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Traditional Medicinal Plants ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
North Sumatra

ABSTRACT Medicinal plants are plants that can be used as raw materials for traditional medicine, which if it consumed will increase immunity. Indonesian medicinal plants have a high contribution to world drug production. North Sumatra is one of the provinces producing a variety of traditional medicinal plants. There are 63.10% of Indonesian people choose self-medication and there are 21.41% of them take traditional medicine and 3.96% do other treatments. In less than 6 years from 2000 to 2006 there was an increase of the traditional medicine utilization reach of 23.10%.  This fact shows that traditional medicinal plants have a strong potential in improving the economy of North Sumatra Province. This study aims to determine (1) the development of traditional medicinal plant production, (2) the form of consumption of traditional medicinal plants, (3) the trade of traditional medicinal plants in North Sumatra, (4) the relationship between the exchange rate and the amount of exports of traditional medicinal plants. The research was carried out by literature study and quantitative approach study. The population and sample study was the people who use medicinal plant and traditional medicine in the province of Sumatra. The study also used secondary data from various sources about the use of traditional medicinal plants. The results of the study revealed that (1) Production of traditional medicinal plants (ginger, galangal, kencur, turmeric, lempuyang, temulawak, temuireng, temulawak, temukunci, cucumber, cardamom, Noni, crown of the gods, kejibeling, bitter and aloe vera) in North Sumatra Province from 2013-2017 were very fluctuatif (2) Consumption of traditional medicinal plants in the North Sumatra province from 2013-2017 has increased and the consumption was vary as follows of: traditional medicine ingredients and as raw material for the pharmaceutical industry, industry of traditional medicinal plants and microbusiness of medicinal plants traditional, (3) trade in traditional medicinal plants in the province of North Sumatra carried out between districts, provinces and international (export) (4) There is no relationship between international trade in medicinal plants with the exchange rate of the rupiah. Keywords: traditional medicinal plants, trade, consumption, exchange rates, exports ABSTRAK Tanaman obat merupakan tanaman yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku obat tradisional, yang bila dikonsumsi akan meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh. Tanaman obat Indonesia memiliki kontribusi yang tinggi terhadap produksi obat dunia. Sumatera Utara merupakan salah satu provinsi penghasil aneka ragam tanaman obat tradisional. Data menyebutkan bahwa 63,10% masyarakat Indonesia memilih pengobatan sendiri, sebanyak 21,41% melakukan pengobatan tradisional dan 3,96% melakukan pengobatan lain. Dalam kurun waktu 6 tahun dari tahun 2000 sampai 2006 terjadi peningkatan penggunaan obat tradisional sebanyak 23,10%. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa tanaman obat tradisional memiliki potensi yang kuat dalam meningkatkan perekonomian Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) perkembangan produksi tanaman obat tradisional, (2) bentuk konsumsi tanaman obat tradisional, (3) perdagangan tanaman obat tradisional di Sumatera Utara dan (4) hubungan antara nilai kurs dengan jumlah ekspor tanaman obat tradisional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dan kuantitatif.  Populasi dan sampel penelitian merupakan masyarakat yang melakukan pengobatan secara tradisional di berbagai kabupaten yang ada di Provinsi Sumatera Utara dan juga menggunakan data sekunder dari berbagai sumber terkait penggunaan tanaman obat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Produksi tanaman obat tradisional (jahe, lengkuas, kencur, kunyit, lempuyang, temulawak, temuireng, temulawak, temukunci, dringgo, kapulaga, mengkudu, mahkota dewa, kejibeling, sambiloto dan lidah buaya) di Provinsi Sumatera Utara mengalami fluktuasi dari tahun 2013-2017 (2) Konsumsi tanaman obat tradisional di Provinsi Sumatera Utara mengalami peningkatan dari tahun 2013-2017 dan konsumsi dilakukan dalam bentuk ramuan oleh masyarakat serta dijadikan sebagai bahan baku untuk industri farmasi, industri tanaman obat tradisional dan usaha mikro tanaman obat tradisional, (3) perdagangan tanaman obat tradisional di provinsi Sumatera Utara dilakukan antar kabupaten, provinsi dan internasional (ekspor) (4) Tidak ada hubungan antara perdagangan tanaman obat secara internasional dengan nilai kurs rupiah. Kata kunci: tanaman obat tradisional, perdagangan, konsumsi, kurs, ekspor    

scholarly journals The Most Important Herbs Used in the Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Traditional Medicine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Nazer ◽  
Saber Abbaszadeh ◽  
Mohammd Darvishi ◽  
Abdolreza Kheirollahi ◽  
Somayeh Shahsavari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Panax Notoginseng ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or venereal diseases are transmitted through various methods of sexual intercourse (oral, vaginal, and anal). The predisposition to this type of diseases and infections depends on the immunity system of the body, so the lower the immunity system’s strength, the greater the risk of Sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The most important pathogenic causes of STIs include bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Phytochemical investigations have shown that medicinal plants are a rich source of antioxidant compounds, biologically active compounds, phenols, etc. They can have an inhibitory effect on germs and infectious viruses and are very important for a variety of parasitic diseases, microbial infections, and STIs. Some of the most important medicinal plants that produce inhibitory effects on the growth and proliferation of pathogenic agents of the STIs were reported in the present article. Based on the results obtained from the review of numerous articles indexed in the databases the Institute for Scientific Information, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, etc., a number of plants have been reported to be used in the treatment and prevention of genital tract diseases and STIs, and to produce antiviral and antimicrobial effects, including Taxillus, Aristolochia, Syzygium cumini, Albizia adianthifolia, Bidens pilosa, Carica papaya, Ranunculus, Peltophorum africanum, Vachellia karroo, Rhoicissus tridentate, Houttuynia cordata, Panax notoginseng, Nelumbo nucifera, Astragalus, Hypericum aethiopicum, Spondias mombin, Jatropha zeyheri, Ximenia caffra, Trichilia dregeana, Clematis brachiate, Tabernaemontana, Sarcophyton. Phytochemical investigations have examined the therapeutic and clinical effects of medicinal plants, and the use of their active ingredients to produce herbal drugs has been addressed. The results of phytochemical investigations have shown that the most important compounds of these plants include quercetin, isoquercitrin, Dammarane-type saponin, flavonoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, astragalosides, flavonoids and polysaccharides, α-pinene, β-pinene, α-pinene, quercetin, myricetin and luteolin flavonoids, β-pinene, 1,3,8-p-menthatriene, ledene, m-menthane, linalyl acetate and 3-carene. β-sitosterol, lupeol, lupeol, sitosterol, spathulenol, β-sitostenone,

scholarly journals Research on the Competitive Advantage of the Firm

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Bartosz Deszczyński
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis chapter introduces the notion of competitive advantage in multiple research perspectives of the dominant strategic management schools, and references the academic discourse on the fundamental issue of the locus of competitive advantage. Its first section briefly presents exemplary attempts to organize the body of knowledge on the theory of the firm, including strategic management as an associated theory, and argues why the notion of competitive advantage lies at the heart of this book’s research agenda. In the second section, the dispute between the proponents of Industrial Organization Economics and the Resource-Based View is recounted. Following this, the relationship approach is introduced as a concept that facilitates market coordination based on cooperation.

scholarly journals EFEK FRAKSI AIR EKSTRAK UMBI BIDARA UPAS (Merremia mammosa (LOUR.)) TERHADAP KEPADATAN KOLAGEN PADA LUKA TIKUS DIABETES

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Gusfita Trisna Ayu Putri ◽  
Elly Nurus Sakinah
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The North ◽  
Traditional Medicinal Plants ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
North Sumatra

ABSTRACT The data showed that 63.10% of Indonesian people choose self-medication, and 21.41% of them take traditional medicine and only 3.96% of them take an other treatments. North Sumatra is one of the province which have a variety of medicinal plants. In the year of 2000 until 2006 there was an increasing of the traditional medicine utilization that reach of 23.10%.  This fact showed that traditional medicinal plants have a pivotal role in improving the economy of North Sumatra Province. This study aims to determine: (1) the development of traditional medicinal plant production, (2) the form of consumption of traditional medicinal plants, (3) the trade of traditional medicinal plants in North Sumatra, (4) the relationship between the exchange rate and the amount of exports of traditional medicinal plants. The research was carried out by literature study and quantitative approach study. The population and sample study was the people who use medicinal plant and traditional medicine in the North Sumatera Province. The study also used secondary data from various sources related to the use of traditional medicinal plants. The results of the study revealed that (1) Production of traditional medicinal plants (jahe, laos, kencur, kunyit, lempuyang, temulawak, temuireng, temulawak, temukunci, cucumber, kapulaga, mengkudu, mahkota dewa, kejibeling, sambiloto and lidah buaya) in North Sumatra Province from 2013-2017 were very fluctuatif (2) Consumption of traditional medicinal plants in the North Sumatra province from 2013-2017 has increased to meet the demand of the pharmaceutical industry, traditional medicine industry and microbusiness of traditional medicine, (3) traditional medicinal plants trading in North Sumatra Province carried out between districts, provinces and international (export) (4) there is no relationship between international trade in medicinal plants with the exchange rate of the rupiah. Keywords: traditional medicinal plants, trade, consumption, exchange rates, exports  ABSTRAK  Data menyebutkan bahwa 63,10% masyarakat Indonesia memilih pengobatan sendiri, dimana 21,41% diantaranya melakukan pengobatan tradisional dan 3,96% melakukan pengobatan lain. Sumatera Utara merupakan salah satu provinsi penghasil aneka ragam tanaman obat tradisional. Dalam kurun waktu 6 tahun dari tahun 2000 sampai 2006, terjadi peningkatan penggunaan obat tradisional sebanyak 23,10 %.  Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa tanaman obat tradisional memiliki potensi yang kuat dalam meningkatkan perekonomian Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) perkembangan produksi tanaman obat tradisional, (2) bentuk konsumsi tanaman obat tradisional, (3) perdagangan tanaman obat tradisional di Sumatera Utara dan (4) hubungan antara nilai kurs dengan jumlah ekspor tanaman obat tradisional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dan analisis kuantitatif.  Populasi dan sampel penelitian merupakan masyarakat yang melakukan pengobatan secara tradisional di berbagai kabupaten yang ada di Provinsi Sumatera Utara dan juga menggunakan data sekunder dari berbagai sumber terkait penggunaan tanaman obat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Produksi tanaman obat tradisional (jahe, lengkuas, kencur, kunyit, lempuyang, temulawak, temuireng, temulawak, temukunci, dringgo, kapulaga, mengkudu, mahkota dewa, kejibeling, sambiloto dan lidah buaya) di Provinsi Sumatera Utara mengalami fluktuasi dari tahun 2013-2017 (2) Konsumsi tanaman obat tradisional di Provinsi Sumatera Utara mengalami peningkatan dari tahun 2013-2017 dan konsumsi dilakukan dalam bentuk ramuan oleh masyarakat serta dijadikan sebagai bahan baku untuk industri farmasi, industri tanaman obat tradisional dan usaha mikro tanaman obat tradisional, (3) perdagangan tanaman obat tradisional di provinsi Sumatera Utara dilakukan antar kabupaten, provinsi sampai level internasional (ekspor) (4) tidak ada hubungan antara perdagangan tanaman obat secara internasional dengan nilai kurs rupiah.  Kata kunci: tanaman obat tradisional, perdagangan, konsumsi, kurs, ekspor  

scholarly journals The occurrence of pests on lemon balm (Mellisa officinalis) and garden sage (Salvia officinalis)

2008 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Peter Bokor ◽  
Ján Tancik ◽  
Miroslav Habán ◽  
Branko Marinkovic ◽  
Milan Polácek
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Lemon Balm

Production of medicinal plants is accompanied by many problems, out of which some are overcome. Problems in medicinal plant production, including the production of sage and lemon balm that cannot be avoided are pathogens, the presence of insects and weeds. During the summer of 2003 and 2004, the occurrence of animal pests and pathogens was investigated in the medicinal plants lemon balm (Mellisa officinalis) and garden sage (Salvia officinalis). The pathogens Alternaria alternata and Fusarium moniliforme and the insects Eupterix atropunctata and Empoasca pteridis (Homoptera, Cicadelidae) were identified as the cause of various damages to medicinal plants.

MEDICINAL PLANT PRODUCTION IN RUSSIA IN THE 21ST CENTURY (CHALLENGES AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS)

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
A.N. TSITSILIN ◽  
◽  
N.I. KOVALEV
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Current State ◽  
Basic Production ◽  
Active Substances

The cultivation of medicinal plants is currently the main way of providing the pharmaceutical industry with raw materials for obtaining biologically active substances for the production of drugs. The use of natural resources of wild species is decreasing every year for a number of reasons, the biotechnological method has not been properly expanded yet, and in some cases it is possible to reproduce only a part of the complex of target biologically active substances contained in an intact plant. In recent years, a positive growth trend has been outlined in the domestic production of medicinal starting materials of herbal origin. However, there are a number of problematic issues that inhibit the development of medicinal plant growing and lead to a certain stagnation. These are general legislative and organizational problems, as well as deterioration or deficiency of material resources – basic production assets, lack of comprehensive mechanization, shortage of qualified specialists and a number of other obstacles. Nevertheless, the actively growing demand for high-quality raw materials from medicinal plant both in our country and abroad opens up great prospects for the development of medicinal plant production. It should be noted that the analysis of the current state of collection and cultivation of medicinal plants in Russia is poorly developed or is practically absent. The paper examines the current state of medicinal plant production; attempts are made to identify the main problems and possible growth points. Finding solutions to the problems and using the growth points show promise for the transformation of medicinal plant production into an industry with a large import substituting and export potential.

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical treatments for earache and sore throat

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1354-1360
Author(s):  
Behrooz Farzan ◽  
Saber Abbaszadeh ◽  
Hassan Teimouri
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mentha Pulegium ◽  
Throat Pain ◽  
Iranian Traditional Medicine ◽  
Information Database

Different organs of the body may develop complications for various reasons and cause pain. The pain may also occur in the ear and throat, and cause discomfort in the patient. In traditional medicine, medicinal plants are used to treat these complications. Therefore, in this review, the medicinal plants used for the treatment of ear pain and sore throat in the Iranian ethnobotanical studies will be reported. The information obtained in this review article was obtained by searching for relevant materials using keywords such as ear pain, sore throat, pain, ethnobotany, phytotherapy, medicinal plants and Iran in articles indexed in databases such as Megiran, Scientific Information Database, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ISI. Artemisia, pumpkin, Quarcus brantii, sheng, barangan, Solanum nigru, Mentha pulegium, hashshir, sage, eucalyptus, currant, bullfish, cannabis and cumin are among the most important medicinal plants used to treat sore throat and ear pain in Iranian traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Fertility Source and Drought Stress Effects on Plant Growth and Essential Oil Production of Calendula officinalis

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria M. Anderson ◽  
Douglas D. Archbold ◽  
Robert L. Geneve ◽  
Dewayne L. Ingram ◽  
Krista L. Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Stress Effects

Organic and low-input production systems are increasingly of interest in medicinal plant production, such as Calendula officinalis, a medicinal plant grown for essential oils. However, in these systems the effects of nutrient availability and water stress may act singularly or in combination to affect plant growth and medicinal compound production. This study investigated the effects of organic and conventional fertility sources and drought stress effects on four calendula cultivars. Soil nitrogen (N) status, plant growth, productivity, and essential oil quality and quantity were measured. The plant growth response to increased N availability varied by cultivar, indicating that some cultivars may be better suited to low-input fertility regimes. Fertility source did not significantly affect essential oil quality or quantity. Drought stress reduced plant growth but increased the quality of essential oil, as indicated by the concentrations of specific constituents, although it did not reduce total oil yield. These results indicate that organic and low-input farming systems may significantly reduce plant growth, but may not necessarily affect essential oil yield or quality. As such, the sustainability of medicinal plant production systems may be improved by reductions in water and conventional fertilizers without significant reductions in medicinal compound production.

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