scholarly journals Root and Shoot Growth Responses to Phosphate Fertilization in Container-grown Plants

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat ◽  
Kimberly A. Klock-Moore
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Pentas Lanceolata

Areca palms [Dypsis lutescens (H. Wendl.) Beentje & J. Dransf.], spathiphyllums (Spathiphyllum Schott. `Figaro'), ixoras (Ixora L. `Nora Grant'), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. `Floramerica'), marigolds (Tagetes erecta L. `Inca Gold'), bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L. `Better Bell'), and pentas [Pentas lanceolata (Forssk.) Deflers. `Cranberry'] were grown in a pine bark-based potting substrate and were fertilized weekly with 0, 8, 16, 32, or 64 mg (1.0 oz = 28,350 mg) of P per pot. Shoot, and to a much lesser extent, root dry weight, increased for all species as weekly P fertilization rate was increased from 0 to 8 mg/pot. As P fertilization was increased from 8 to 64 mg/pot, neither roots nor shoots of most species showed any additional growth in response to increased P. Root to shoot ratio decreased sharply as P fertilization rate was increased from 0 to 8 mg/pot, but remained relatively constant in response to further increases in P fertilization rate.

scholarly journals Effect of Repeated Short Interval Flooding Events on Root and Shoot Growth of Four Landscape Shrub Taxa

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-222
Author(s):  
Kathryne J. Jernigan ◽  
Amy N. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Flooding Event ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Size Index ◽  
Flooding Events

Abstract Research was conducted to screen four landscape shrub taxa for tolerance to repeated flooding events. Plants of Fothergilla × intermedia ‘Mt. Airy’ (dwarf witchalder), Ilex verticillata ‘Winter Red’ (winterberry), Clethra alnifolia ‘Ruby Spice’ (summersweet), and Viburnum nudum Brandywine™ (possumhaw) were flooded repeatedly over six weeks for 0 (non-flooded), 3, or 6 days with a draining period of 6 days between each flooding event. The experiment was repeated for a total of two runs. With the exception of F. × intermedia ‘Mt. Airy’, all taxa showed good visual quality and no reduction in root growth in either run, and effects on shoot growth were minimal. Size index of Clethra alnifolia ‘Ruby Spice’ was 27% higher in plants flooded for 0 or 3 days than in plants flooded for 6 days in run 1 only. Shoot dry weight of Ilex verticillata ‘Winter Red’ was actually 11% higher in plants flooded 6 days days than in plants flooded for 0 or 3 days in run 2. Size index of Viburnum nudum Brandywine™ increased with increasing flood length, and plants flooded for 6 days had a 9% higher SI than plants flooded for 0 days in run 1. With the exception of Fothergilla × intermedia L. ‘Mt. Airy’, all taxa appeared tolerant of and even thrived during flooding and would be appropriate shrub selections for a southeastern United States rain garden.

Low temperature effects on growth and physiology specific to a "grass-clump" dwarf wheat hybrid

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Mahon ◽  
D. T. Canvin
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Meristematic Region ◽  
Meristematic Activity ◽  
Dwarf Wheat ◽  
Induced Changes

The growth habit of "grass-clump" dwarf wheat plants can be affected by extremely short 16° treatments if given repeatedly. To localize the earliest growth responses in plants of one such hybrid (Mql × KF 1), the temperature sensitivity of plants of different ages, and the earliest temperature-induced changes in growth, development, and shoot physiology were investigated and compared with the responses of normal wheat plants.Mql × KF 1 plants growing at 26° responded to progressively shorter 16° treatments as they aged and plants exposed to 16° after 10 days growth at 26° were unable to recover from low temperature treatments of 3–5 days duration. Although shoot growth (as dry weight) of Mql × KF 1 stopped abruptly after 7 days at 16°, root growth (as dry weight) continued for at least 15 days. The rates of CO2 and water vapor exchange in individual leaves responded to low temperature similarly in both the dwarf and normal plants and did not markedly decrease until after 4 days at 16°. The most rapid low temperature response specific to Mql × KF 1 plants was cessation in primary tiller development immediately after the beginning of 16° exposure. It is proposed that the primary 16° effect is on the shoot meristematic region and that other changes in growth and physiology result from the lack of meristematic activity in the young growing region.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION FREQUENCY ON PLANT GROWTH AND NUTRIENT LEVELS OF PINE BARK MEDIA

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 849c-849
Author(s):  
T.E. Bilderback
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Foliar Tissue ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Ilex × `Nellie R. Stevens' holly, Rhododendron sp. `Hinodegeri' azalea and Pyracantha coccinea, scarlet firethorn rooted cuttings were potted in • 3.81 containers. Irrigation was applied by Dram rings daily, or every 2,4,or 6 days. Approximately 1000 ml of water were applied at each irrigation. Three container media, including pine bark, and pine bark amended with either Terra-Sorb AG synthetic moisture extender incorporated at 1.2 kg/m3 or Aqua-Gro G wetting agent incorporated at 0.9 kg/m3 plus monthly drenches of 700 ml of 2500 ppm Aqua-Gro L were compared for physical and chemical properties and plant growth responses. Decreasing irrigation decreased pH, increased nutrient leachate levels, and increased foliar tissue levels of N,P,K,Ca,and Fe in holly and azalea. Pyracantha top and root dry weight was reduced at 4 and 6 day irrigation intervals, holly top growth was reduced by 6 day and azalea had greatest shoot growth at 2 day irrigation and was reduced by other irrigation frequencies. Top growth of all 3 species and root growth of pyracantha was reduced in the pine bark treatment.

Effect of restricted watering on sap flow and growth in corn (Zea mays L.)

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Gavloski ◽  
C. R. Ellis ◽  
G. H. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Root System ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Box

The heat balance technique for measuring sap flow was used to determine how plant stress from watering various proportions of the root system in corn (Zea mays L.) affects sap flow and root and shoot growth. Sectional root-boxes were used to divide the root system into four equal compartments so that known proportions of the root system could be subjected to water stress. Results indicated that the root-box technique is useful in studying the effects of adverse growing conditions in corn. Treatments consisted of no watering and watering one, two, three, or four sections of the box. Sap flow was measured using gauges that worked on a heat balance principle, and aspects of root and shoot growth were also measured. Withholding water from two or more sections of the box for 26 d resulted in decreased sap flow and fresh and dry weight of stalks compared with plants where all four sections were watered (control). Plant height was lower in boxes where one or more sections were deprived of water compared with the control. Dry weight of roots was less when water was withheld from three or all sections of the roots, and fresh weight of roots was less when water was withheld from all four sections. Corn plants with even half the roots growing under stressed conditions resulted in decreased sap flow and shoot growth.Key words: Root-box, moisture stress

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF EXTRACTS AND LEACHATES OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA A. JUSS LEAVES ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF ELEUSINE CORACANA (L.) GAERTNER

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Elavazhagan P
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Germination And Growth

Various concentrations (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of leaf leachates and leaf extracts prepared from fully senesced fallen and matured leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and used for the present experiments to determine their allelopathic potential on growth and developmental changes on Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertner. Leaf leachates and leaf extracts sowed an inhibitory effect on germination percentage, root and shoot growth, and fresh and dry weight of E. coracana seedlings. The leaf extracts had more inhibitory effect at 20%concentration,than that of leaf leachates on morphological parameters of E. coracana

scholarly journals Differential Growth Responses of Apple Species to Chilling and Root Pruning

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Arnold ◽  
Eric Young
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Chilling Requirements ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Chilling Hours ◽  
Root Types

Malus dometica Borkh., M. anis, M. prunifolia Borkh., M. × robusta Rehd., M. antonovka, M. borwinkw, and M. ranetka bare-root seedlings were chilled at 5C for 0, 400, 800, 1200, or 1600 hours. After chilling treatments, one-half of the seedlings were root-pruned and all seedlings were placed in a greenhouse for 15 days. Quantitative differences between species in the timing and magnitude of new root and shoot growth responses to chilling were observed. Root pruning decreased and delayed the production of roots <0.6 mm in diameter in response to chilling, while the production of larger roots was less affected. Regeneration of both root types differed among species. For new large (≥ 0.6 mm in diameter) root growth criteria, interactions between chilling hours and species were apparent. Chilling requirements and growing degree hour requirements for vegetative budbreak of each species were estimated.

scholarly journals 373 Response of Dwarf Yaupon Holly to Fertilizer Rate and Duration

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 456E-456
Author(s):  
Thomas Yeager ◽  
Claudia Larsen ◽  
Gisele Martins
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
N Application ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
N Application Rate ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Ilex Vomitoria

Multiple branched liners of Ilex vomitoria Ait. `Nana' were greenhouse-grown in 3-L containers with a 2 pine bark: 1 Canadian peat: 1 sand substrate. Plants were fertilized weekly with a solution of 50 N, 10 P, and 30 K (mg·L–1) for either 5, 10, or 15 weeks. Then plants for each of the three fertilizer durations were fertilized weekly with a solution of either 50, 150 or 300 N, 10 P, and 30 K (mg·L– 1) for an additional 15 weeks, at which time root and shoot dry weights were determined. A control group of plants was fertilized weekly with 300 N (mg·L–1) for 30 weeks. Shoot dry weight increased linearly as fertilizer rate or duration of fertilization increased. Root dry weights increased linearly as fertilizer duration increased while root dry weights were not different due to fertilizer rate. These data indicate that duration of fertilization is important in promoting root and shoot growth; however, the largest amount of root and shoot dry weight resulted from the highest N application rate (300 mg·L–1) for the longest duration (30 weeks).

scholarly journals Effects of Short Interval Cyclic Flooding on Growth and Survival of Three Native Shrubs

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie L. Dylewski ◽  
Amy N. Wright ◽  
Kenneth M. Tilt ◽  
Charlene LeBleu
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Calcined Clay ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Substrate Level ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Native Shrubs

The effect of short interval cyclic flooding on root and shoot growth of ‘Shamrock’ inkberry holly (Ilex glabra), ‘Henry's Garnet’ sweetspire (Itea virginica), and ‘Winterthur’ possumhaw (Viburnum nudum) was studied in a greenhouse in Auburn, AL. Liners (4.4 inches long) of each species were planted into trade 1-gal pots in 1 pine bark:1 peat by volume (PB:P) or fine textured calcined clay (CC). ‘Shamrock’ inkberry holly and ‘Henry's Garnet’ sweetspire were planted 18 Apr. 2008; the experiment was repeated with the addition of ‘Winterthur’ possumhaw on 16 June 2008. Plants were flooded to substrate level for 0 (non-flooded), 3, or 7 days. Flooding cycles were repeated at least five times with 7 days of draining between each flood cycle. During draining, plants received no irrigation. Non-flooded plants were watered as needed. Flooded plants for all species except ‘Winterthur’ possumhaw showed decreased root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and final growth index when compared with non-flooded plants. Survival was higher in CC than PB:P for both experiments. All plants maintained good visual quality and shoot growth. As a result, overall, these plants seemed tolerant of flooding despite differences in growth.

Effects of lime on the growth and nodulation of four grain legumes.

Soil Research ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
RS Jessop ◽  
J Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Top Dry Weight

Using an acid sand with differing proportions of added ground limestone, a range of soil pH levels was achieved from 5.4 to 9.2. Four winter grain legumes (field peas, faba beans, lupins and chickpeas) were grown for 8 weeks before being sampled for nodulation, dry matter and nitrogen production. Chickpeas appeared the least affected by the range of soil pH values and calcium levels in terms of root and shoot growth; all the legumes produced the greatest number of root nodules at pH 7 or 8. Top dry weight production in lupins was maximized at pH 6, and declined rapidly above pH 7; field peas, chickpeas and faba beans all showed maximum above-ground dry weights between pH 7 and 8.

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