scholarly journals Biosolid Residues as Soilless Media for Growing Wildflower Sod

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-199
Author(s):  
Bruce R. Roberts ◽  
Henry F. Decker ◽  
Kenneth J. Bagstad ◽  
Kathleen A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Coreopsis Tinctoria ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Cosmos Bipinnatus

Two biosolid-containing waste media [sewage sludge compost and incinerated biosolids (flume sand)] were tested individually, together, and in combination with a commercial growing medium for growing wildflower sod in greenhouse trials over a 3-year period. A medium composed of flume sand and Metromix (7:3 weight/weight) in 7.5 {XtimesX} 10.5 {XtimesX} 2-inch deep (19 {XtimesX} 27 {XtimesX} 5-cm) plastic trays seeded at 20 oz/1000ft2 (6.1 g·m-2) with cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus), cornflower (Centaurea cyannis), plains coreopsis (Coreopsis tinctoria), white yarrow (Achillea millefolium) and purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) produced a suitable wildflower sod in 10 to 12 weeks. A single application of slow release fertilizer (Osmocote 14-14-14, 14N-4.2P-11.6K) applied as a top dressing had no significant effect on sod development; however, a 4-mil [0.004-inch (0.10-mm)] polyethylene barrier placed in the base of each container resulted in increased dry weight accumulation and a higher root to shoot ratio relative to sod grown without plastic.

scholarly journals GIBBERELLIC ACID DURING PRIMING OF PURPLE CONEFLOWER [ECHINACEA PURPUREA (L) MOENCH.] SEEDS IMPROVES GERMINATION AND SEEDLING EMERGENCE

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 186c-186
Author(s):  
Janine O. Haynes ◽  
Wallace G. Pill
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Percentage Points

Purple coneflower seeds following priming (-0.04 MPa, 10 days, 15C, darkness) osmotically in polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG) or matrically in expanded no. 5 vermiculite had greater germination rate and synchrony at continuous 20C or 30C than untreated seeds, but germination percentage was unaffected. Inclusion of 5.5 × 10-2 M gibberellic acid (GA3 as ProGibb Plus 2X, Abbott Laboratories, N. Chicago, Ill.) further improved germination rate and synchrony at 20C, but not at 30C. In a greenhouse study (30C day/27C night, July-August natural light), seeds primed in PEG or vermiculite containing G A3 compared to untreated seeds had 6 percentage points higher maximum emergence (ME), 3.3 fewer days to 50% ME, 1.9 fewer days between 10% and 90% ME, 116% greater shoot dry weight, and 125% longer leaves at 16 days after planting in peat-lite. Inclusion of ethephon (0.01 m, as Florel) either alone or with GA3 during priming provided no benefit to seed germination or seedling emergence. Moistened vermiculite substituted for PEG solution as a priming medium for purple coneflower seeds, the priming benefit on seedling emergence and growth being enhanced by 5.5 × 10-2m G A3 inclusion in the priming media.

scholarly journals Fertilizer, Flower Bud Removal and Vegetative Pruning of Echinacea species (Purple Coneflower) Influence Biomass and Phenolic Content

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 551A-551
Author(s):  
Jenny Heringer Vires ◽  
Robert Anderson ◽  
Robert Geneve
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Bud Removal

Purple Coneflower [Echinacea sp. (Asteracea)] is of great value to the horticultural, pharmaceutical, and herbal industry. More research is needed to determine cultural practices that will produce a plant high in biomass and phenolic content, the chemical used for testing the quality of the harvested plant on a percent basis of roots, flowers and vegetative parts. The objective of this experiment is to determine if biomass and phenolic content of Echinacea purpurea and E. purpurea `Magnus' is influenced by fertilization after flower bud removal and vegetative pruning. The second objective of this study is to form an evaluation of the differences in biomass and phenolic content of five cultivars of E. purpurea and five species of Echinacea. Biomass and phenolic content will be evaluated to determine if exposing these plants to various treatments increases the quality of the plant over 1 and 2 years of growth. Differences in dry weights of Echinacea species and cultivars harvested after the first year of growth was determined. There was a significant difference in total dry weight between E. purpurea cultivars. Echinacea purpurea `Bright Star' and `Clio' significantly produced the most total dry weight compared to all other cultivars. There was no significant difference in root or flower biomass between cultivars. Biomass of Echinacea species was significantly different in root, vegetaive and flower parts. The total biomass of E. purpurea and E. tennesseensis was significantly higher compared to other species. Echinacea pallida and E. paradoxa were not significantly different from E. purpurea in root biomass, even though both species were small in above ground growth. Echinacea tennesseensis significantly produced 45% to 105% more flowers compared to other species. Differences in phenolic content between species and cultivars will also be presented.

scholarly journals Effect of different fertilization on the growth and nutrition of azalea (Rhododendron L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenia Michałojć ◽  
Michał Koter
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Second Year

A study on azalea (<em>Rhododendron </em>L.), 'Kilian' and 'Persil', was conducted in 2009–2010. Plants were grown in pots in the open air, in a peat substrate with a pH of 4.8. The effect of the following fertilization methods was studied: I – traditional fertilization (single fertilizers were applied in 2 rates); II – a slow-release fertilizer (Hortiform pH); III – combined fertilization (¼ of the rate of nutrients was applied in the form of single fertilizers and ¾ in the form of Hortiform pH). The slow-release fertilizer Hortiform pH and combined fertilization were applied once in each study year when filling the pots with growing medium. Fertilizers were applied at the basic rate (D1) and at a twice higher rate (D2). In the first year of cultivation, the study showed no significant effect of fertilization method on shoot length in both azalea cultivars, whereas in the second year the longest shoots were found after application of the slow-release fertilizer Hortiform pH. In both years of the study, significantly longer shoots were found in the cultivar 'Persil' after application of the lower fertilizer rate (D1) than after application of the higher fertilizer rate (D2). On the other hand, the study showed that the fertilizer rate had no effect on shoot length in 'Kilian'. After application of the higher fertilizer rate, a higher content of nitrogen and potassium as well as a lower content of phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium were determined in the leaves of both cultivars. The study found the following percentages to be the optimal nutrient content in azalea leaves: 1.88 – 2.20% N; 1.0 – 1.7% K; and 0.60% – 1.20% Ca, while the phosphorus content of 0.09 – 0.25% and the magnesium content of 0.14 – 0.25% were shown to be the lower limit for optimal plant nutrition. After the end of the growing season, a low content of all nutrients in the medium was found in both study years, irrespective of the applied fertilizer rate and fertilization method.

scholarly journals Slow-release Fertilizer Source and Rate Affects Fall Garden Mum Vegetative Growth

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 593e-593
Author(s):  
Edward Bush ◽  
Jeff Kuehny ◽  
Patricia Branch
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Three slow-release fertilizer formulations (Osmocote 14–14–14, 18–6–12, and Nutricote 17–6–10) at three rates (1, 2, and 3 lb/yd3) were incorporated into 4 pine bark: 1 sand (by volume) media filling 1-gal nursery containers. Additional treatments included slow-release fertilizer formulations at 1 lb/yd3 fertigated with 100 ppm N 20–10–20 fertilizer. As fertilizer rates increased, vegetative height, width, and dry-weight accumulation generally increased for both pinched and no-pinch mum crops. Fertigated pinch and no-pinch mums were the largest plants with the greatest dry-weight accumulation for each fertilizer formulation. The high rate for all slow-release fertilizers produced the greatest vegetative growth for nonfertigated treatments. This research suggest that higher rates for incorporated slow-release fertilizers and/or fertigation are required to produce maximum vegetative growth.

scholarly journals FERTILIZANTE DE LIBERAÇÃO LENTA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE Schinus terebinthifolius e Sebastiania commersoniana

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Überson Boaretto Rossa ◽  
Alessandro Camargo Angelo ◽  
Antonio Carlos Nogueira ◽  
Danielle Janaina Westphalen ◽  
Marcos Vinícius Martins Bassaco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Schinus Terebinthifolius ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Doses

 O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar diferentes doses de fertilizante de liberação lenta (FLL) no desenvolvimento de mudas de Schinus terebinthifolius e Sebastiania commersoniana. O estudo foi realizado na região do Vale do Itajaí (SC), entre março e dezembro de 2009, em viveiro localizado no município de Rio do Sul, com sementes provenientes da própria região. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 6 tratamentos em 4 repetições, tendo 40 plantas como unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram: T1–0 kg (testemunha); T2–2 kg; T3–4 kg; T4–6 kg; T5–8 kg e T6–10 kg de FLL por m³ de substrato-base. Decorridos 189 (aroeira) e 245 (branquilho) dias da semeadura, foram analisadas as variáveis altura total, diâmetro do coleto, biomassa seca da parte aérea, biomassa seca da raiz, biomassa seca total e dose de máxima eficiência técnica. As mudas de aroeira e branquilho tiveram um melhor crescimento com a dose de 10 kg de FLL por m³ de substrato padrão e 6 kg de FLL por m3, respectivamente. Ambas as plantas responderam significativamente ao uso do fertilizante de liberação lenta, apresentando as seguintes doses de máxima eficiência técnica: 9,48 (aroeira) e 5,54 kg.m-3 (branquilho) de Basacote 6M.Palavras-chave:Branquilho; aroeira-vermelha; fertilização; produção de mudas; qualidade de mudas florestais.AbstractSlow release fertilizer in development of Schinus terebinthifolius and Sebastiania commersoniana seedlings. This reserach aimed to evaluate different doses of slow-release fertilizer (FLL) in  Schinus terebinthifolius and Sebastiania commersoniana seedlings development. The study was conducted in Vale do Itajai (SC), between March and December 2009, in a nursery in the city of Rio do Sul, with seeds from the region. The experimental design was completely randomized with 6 treatments in 4 replications, with 40 plants as experimental unit. The treatments were: T1-0 kg (control), T2-2 kg, T3- 4kg-, T4-6 kg; T5-8kg; and T6-10 kg per m³ FLL substrate base. After 189 (aroeira) and 245 (branquilho) days of sowing, the variables analyzed were total height, diameter, shoot dry biomass, root dry weight, total biomass and maximum dose of technical efficiency. The seedlings of aroeira and branquilho had better growth with the dose of 10 kg per cubic meter of FLL standard substrate and 6 kg per m3 of FLL, respectively. Both plants responded significantly to the use of slow release fertilizer, with the following maximum doses of technical efficiency 9.48 (aroeira) and 5.54 kg.m-3 (branquilho) of Basacote 6M.Keywords: Sebastiana; red aroeira; fertilization; seedling production; quality forest seedlings.  

scholarly journals Effects of UV-C radiation on common dandelion and purple coneflower: First results

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Castronuovo ◽  
Adriano Sofo ◽  
Stella Lovelli ◽  
Vincenzo Candido ◽  
Antonio Scopa
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Irradiation Period ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Common Dandelion ◽  
Photosynthetic Performances ◽  
Uv C

Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light (100 ≤ λ ≤ 280 nm) is a ionizing radiation that can damage living organisms. An experiment was conducted on plants of common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber, T. Densleonis Desf.) and purple coneflower [Echinacea purpurea, (L.) Moench] irradiated with UV-C at different exposition times, under controlled conditions and grown in self-produced characterized compost, to assess the effect of different doses UV-C radiation on some physiological parameters. Trials have been carried out using a black chamber equipped with an UV-C lamp in which plants were divided in four groups on the basis of UV-C irradiation period (10, 30, 60, and 120 min). Non-irradiated plants were kept as controls. Plant photosynthetic performance, chlorophyll content (SPAD) and some morphologic traits were recorded before, immediately after irradiations and 20 days weeks later. The effects on photosynthetic performances and chlorophyll contents (SPAD) were evaluated and compared with data obtained in similar experiments where tomato plants were irradiated at different times with UVC light. In both species, SPAD values decreased as the irradiation period became longer. The two species showed different gas exchange dynamics, depending on the UV-C exposure time. Two months after the UV-C irradiation, plant dry weight measured at 120-min UV-C exposure was significantly lower than the control.

scholarly journals Nutrition and Performance of Container-Grown Japanese Black Pine Seedlings

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Hathaway ◽  
Carl E. Whitcomb
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Black Pine ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Japanese Black Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
And Performance ◽  
One Year

Growth of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergi Parl.) seedlings in containers was enhanced by incorporating a slow-release fertilizer (Osmocote) and micronutrient source in the growth medium while dolomite was detrimental. Seedlings transplanted into the field showed excellent survival, regardless of propagation treatment, however, plants grown with Osmocote and micronutrients in the container medium were significantly larger after 1 growing season. Root-to-shoot ratio was not related to survival or growth. Container-grown seedlings were larger after 3 months than 2-year-old conventional bed-grown plants and continued to outgrow the bed-grown seedlings after one year in the field.

scholarly journals Seed Source and Quality Influence Germination in Purple Coneflower [Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.]

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1443-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Wartidiningsih ◽  
R.L. Geneve
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Two Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Light

Six seed lots of purple coneflower were purchased from four commercial seed sources and evaluated for germination in either light or darkness in combination with two temperature regimes (constant 27C vs. alternating 30C for 8 hours and 20C for 16 hours). Seed lot differences accounted for the majority of variation, with two seed lots exhibiting high (81% to 91%) germination and the remaining seed lots having 39% to 66% germination. There was no effect of light on germination, regardless of the seed lot. However, alternating temperatures improved germination in one of the low-germination seed lots. Seed size and inflorescence position did not affect seed germination. Seed harvested at physiological maturity (maximum seed dry weight), but before drying had occurred, had a higher germination percentage than seeds harvested after desiccation, and they maintained a higher germination percentage even after 1 year in storage.

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