Grain sorghum productivity depending on herbicide application

Abstract. The purpose of the work is to establish the effectiveness of weed in control in crops of grain sorghum with herbicides of soil and leaf action. Scientific novelty. For the first time in sorghum crops for weed control, effective combinations of soil and leaf herbicides have been identified. Methods. Experiments were carried out on the black soils of steppe zone Ukraine. Research methods are generally accepted. The control options were herbicide-free and weed-free. Results. At tillering stage the number of weeds in sorghum crops reached 141 pieces/m2 and their air-dry weight was 218 g/m2. Green amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus), fat hen (Chenopodium album), field mustard (Sinapis arvensis), ragweed ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), bristlegrass (Setaria viridis) were dominant in the crops. The use of foliar-applied herbicides such as Agritox (1 l/ha), Ballerina (0.4 l/ha), Dialen Super (0.7 l/ha) in the stage of three-five leaves and a pre sowing soil-applied herbicide Primextra Gold (3 l/ha) ensured the maximum reduction of weed infestation of grain sorghum crops. The number of weeds with the use of these herbicides decreased by 10.4–19.7 times, and their weight decreased by 4.1–4.8 times in comparison with the options without the use of weed control measures. The conditions for plant growth and development were improved due to the reduction of weed infestation of grain sorghum crops. The growing period of the crop reduced from 125 to 114 days, the height of plants increased by 19–21 cm and their weight increased by 2.7–2.8 times. The sorghum grain yield reached 6.32–6.34 t/ha, which was higher than with the options without the use of weed control measures by 4.01–4.30 t/ha or 3.0–3.1 times. The same results were obtained in production conditions.

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Changes in weed infestation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under conditions of strip intercropping and different weed control methods

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2010.045 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 171-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aleksandra Głowacka

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Weed Control ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Weed Species ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Strip Intercropping

The experiment was conducted in the years 2004-2006 in a private farm in the village of Frankamionka in Zamość district. There were two experimental factors: I. Cultivation methods - sole cropping and strip intercropping; and II. Tending methods - mechanical, mechanical-chemical, and chemical weed control. The subject of the study was weed infestation of the Mela variety of common bean. Beans were sown between 30 April and 5 May. Weed infestation was assessed in the last week before harvesting by determining its floristic composition and the frequency of occurrence of particular weed species, as well as the air-dry weight of weeds. The dominant weed species were Galinsoga parviflora, Echinochloa crus-galli, Chenopodium album, and Amaranthus retroflexus, which comprised 84.7% of the total number of weeds. Strip intercropping markedly reduced the number of weeds per unit area (by 50%), as well as the dry weight of their aerial parts. The most effective method of weed control was the mechanical-chemical method, which resulted in the lowest occurrence of weeds. It also significantly reduced the weight of weeds.

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Examination of commercially available bird feed for weed seed contaminants

Invasive Plant Science and Management ◽

10.1017/inp.2020.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 14-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eric Oseland ◽

Mandy Bish ◽

Christine Spinka ◽

Kevin Bradley

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Album ◽

Carthamus Tinctorius ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Amaranthus Palmeri ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Weed Species ◽

Test Analysis ◽

Proso Millet

AbstractIn 2016 and 2017, 98 separate commercially available bird feed mixes were examined for the presence of weed seed. All weed seed contaminants were counted and identified by species. Amaranthus species were present in 94 of the 98 bags of bird feed. Amaranthus species present in bird feed mixes included waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer], redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson), smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus L.), and tumble pigweed (Amaranthus albus L.). Amaranthus palmeri was present in 27 of the 98 mixes. Seed of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott], grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], wild buckwheat (Fallopia convolvulus L., syn: Polygonum convolvulus), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], and Setaria species were also present in bird feed mixes. A greenhouse assay to determine Amaranthus species seed germinability and resistance to glyphosate revealed that approximately 19% of Amaranthus seed in bird feed mixes are readily germinable, and five mixes contained A. tuberculatus and A. palmeri seed that were resistant to glyphosate. Results from linear regression and t-test analysis indicate that when proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), grain sorghum, and corn (Zea mays L.) were present in feed mixes, Amaranthus seed contamination was increased. The presence of proso millet and grain sorghum also increased contamination of grass weed species, while sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) increased A. artemisiifolia contamination and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) increased contamination of Bassia scoparia.

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Weed infestation of a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop under the conditions of plough and ploughless tillage

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2011.040 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 133-140

Author(s):

Andrzej Woźniak

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Galium Aparine ◽

Tillage System ◽

Weed Infestation

A field experiment was conducted in the period 2007- 2009 in the Uhrusk Experimental Farm (Lublin region) belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin. Different tillage systems - plough and ploughless tillage - were the experimental factors. In the plough tillage system, tillage involved skimming done after the harvest of the forecrop and autumn ploughing. In the ploughless tillage system, only the herbicide Roundup 360 SL (active substance - glyphosate) was applied after the harvest of the forecrop. In both tillage treatments, spring tillage involved field cultivating and the use of a tillage assembly consisting of a cultivator, cage roller, and harrow. The present experiment evaluated weed infestation of the crop expressed by the number and air-dry weight of weeds and their species composition. Under the conditions of ploughless tillage, air-dry weight of weeds in the spring wheat crop was shown to increase significantly compared to plough tillage. The tillage systems under comparison did not differentiate the number of weeds per 1 m2. Spring wheat sown using plough tillage was colonized most extensively by the following weed species: Avena fatua L., Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Galium aparine L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L., and Consolida regalis Gray. In the ploughless tillage treatments, the following weeds were predominant: Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Avena fatua L., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Löve, Papaver rhoeas L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Galium aparine L., and Chenopodium album L.

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Weed control in bean and green bean crops

Biljni lekar ◽

10.5937/biljlek2106804s ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

pp. 804-814

Author(s):

Aleksandra Savić ◽

Sanja Đurović ◽

Srđan Stevanović ◽

Milan Ugrinović

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Datura Stramonium ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Xanthium Strumarium ◽

Green Beans ◽

Important Place ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

High Yields

Phaseolus vulgaris (beans; green beans) as a food of high nutritional value occupies an important place in the human diet. In addition to all the basic growing conditions, one of the key requirements for achieving high yields is successful weed control. Weeds such as Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Datura stramonium, Abutilon theophrasti, Xanthium strumarium, Cirsium arvense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Sorghum halepense and others appear as the most dominant species in our agroecological conditions. The application of the concept of integrated weed control implies the application of all available measures (crop rotation, proper and timely tillage, application of herbicides, etc.). Although there is a wider range of registered herbicides for weed control in beans and green beans in the world, preparations based on active substances: clethodim, quizalofop-P-tefuril, imazamox and bentazone have been registered in Serbia.

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The effect of different agrotechnical levels on weed infestation in crops of naked and husked varieties of oat (Avena sativa L.)

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2010.048 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 207-213

Author(s):

Sylwia Andruszczak ◽

Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe ◽

Piotr Kraska ◽

Edward Pałys

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Control Object ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Polygonum Aviculare ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Oat Cultivars ◽

The City ◽

Mechanical Weed Control

The present study was carried out in the period 2007- 2009 in the Experimental Farm in Bezek near the city of Chełm. The aim of the investigation was to compare weed infestation of the husked (Krezus) and naked (Cacko) oat cultivars cultivated under conditions of different weed control treatments. The following weed control levels were compared: A - control object; B - harrowing twice; C - application of the herbicide Mustang 306 SE; D - herbicide Mustang 306 SE + foliar fertilizer Insol 3; E - herbicide Mustang 306 SE + two foliar fertilizers: Insol 3 and FoliCare 18:18:18. The husked oat cv. Krezus was more competitive against weeds. Number of dicotyledonous weeds and of monocotyledonous weeds, total weeds, and air-dry weight of above-ground parts of weeds in the crop of this cultivar were all significantly lower compared to the naked cv. Cacko. From the group of dicotyledonous species, Chenopodium album, Galinsoga parviflora, Matricaria maritima ssp. inodora, Polygonum aviculare, and Stellaria media were the dominant species in the crops of the oat varieties under investigation, whereas among the monocotyledonous species Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria pumila, Apera spica-venti, and Elymus repens occurred in greatest numbers. The application of the herbicide Mustang 306 SE decreased the number of dicotyledonous weeds and air-dry weight of weeds, compared to the treatment in which mechanical weed control had been used.

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Competitive relationships between sugar beet and weeds in dependence on time of weed control

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/2687-pse ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 108-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. Jursík ◽

J. Holec ◽

J. Soukup ◽

V. Venclová

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Weed Control ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Galium Aparine ◽

Fumaria Officinalis

Small plot trials were carried out in years 2001–2003 with sugar beet. In the treatment without weed control, dry weight of sugar beet top and LAI of sugar beet were very low (approx. 50 g/m2 and 0.5 m2/m2, respectively). Yield loss of sugar beet was 80–93%. Dominant weeds were Chenopodium album, Fumaria officinalis and Galium aparine. In the treatments where weeds were removed (by hand) until 4 leaf stage of sugar beet, dry weight of sugar beet top and LAI of sugar beet at first increased normally, but were markedly decreased from the half of the vegetation period. Yield loss of sugar beet was 54–28%. Dominant weed in this treatment was Amaranthus retroflexus. The development of sugar beet top dry weight and LAI of sugar beet was practically identical in the treatments where weeds were removed until 8–10 leaf stage of the crop and in those where weeds were removed during the whole vegetation period (500–900 g/m2, or 4–7 m2/m2, respectively). No yield loss of sugar beet was recorded. Dry weight of weeds did not exceed 30 g/m2 and LAI 0.1 m2/m2. A. retroflexus and Mercurialis annua were the most frequent weeds in this treatment.

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Evaluation of Imazaquin for Weed Control in Flue-Cured Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500079418 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 824-829 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Frank R. Walls ◽

A. Douglas Worsham ◽

William K. Collins ◽

Frederick T. Corbin ◽

J. R. Bradley

Keyword(s):

Nicotiana Tabacum ◽

Weed Control ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Common Ragweed ◽

Prickly Sida ◽

Over The Top ◽

Methods Of Application ◽

Large Crabgrass

Imazaquin {2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid} was evaluated in the field for weed control in flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacumL.) during 1983 and 1984. The 75 DG formulation of imazaquin was used at 0.28 and 0.42 kg ai/ha. Methods of application were: preplant incorporated, over the top immediately after transplanting, postbed incorporated, and early postemergence. Imazaquin controlled 90%, or better, of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL. # CHEAL), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL. # AMBEL), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL. # AMARE), spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosusL. # AMASP), ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq. # IPOHE], sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL. # CASOB), and prickly sida (Sida spinosaL. # SIDSP) with all application methods except early postemergence. It controlled 80 to 89% of large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalisL. # DIGSA) by the soil-applied methods. Postemergence applications of imazaquin controlled common ragweed, pigweed spp., ivyleaf morningglory, prickly sida, and sicklepod. Imazaquin was less effective postemergence on lambsquarters and large crabgrass. Tobacco tolerated use of imazaquin by all methods of application except preplant incorporation.

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The influence of strip cropping and weed control methods on weed diversity in dent maize (Zea mays L.), narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.)

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2013.065 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 185-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aleksandra Głowacka

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Control Method ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Weed Species ◽

Two Factors ◽

Weed Diversity ◽

Sole Cropping ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

The Subject

The experiment was conducted in 2008–2010 at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences in Zamość, University of Life Sciences in Lublin. The research design included two factors: I. Method of cultivation – sole cropping and strip cropping (the cultivation of three plants: maize, narrow-leafed lupin and oats, in neighboring strips); II. Weed control method – mechanical and chemical. The subject of this study was weed infestation in maize, narrow-leafed lupin and oats. The greatest diversity of weeds was found in the narrow-leafed lupine crop, while the lowest diversity in maize. The dominant weed species in maize, lupine and oats were Echinochloa crus-galli, Chenopodium album and Galinsoga parviflora which ranged from 34% to 99% of the total number of weeds. Strip cropping clearly reduced the number of weeds per unit area in the narrow-leafed lupin and oat crops as well as the aboveground dry weight of weeds in all plant species. Chemical weed control significantly decreased both the number and weight of weeds in comparison with the mechanical method.

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The influence of strip cropping on the state and degree of weed infestation in dent maize (Zea mays L.), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2013.015 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 135-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aleksandra Głowacka

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Weed Control ◽

Control Method ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Weed Species ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Sole Cropping ◽

Weed Infestation

The experiment was conducted in the years 2008–2010 at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences in Zamość, University of Life Sciences in Lublin. The following factors were analysed in the experiment: I. Cultivation method – sole cropping and strip cropping, which consisted in the cultivation of three plants: dent maize, common bean, and spring barley, in adjacent strips with a width of 3.3 m; II. Weed control methods – mechanical and chemical. The subject of the research was weed infestation of the 'Celio' variety of dent maize, the 'Aura' variety of common bean, and the 'Start' variety of spring barley. Weed infestation of the crops was assessed two weeks before harvesting by determining the species composi- tion as well as the number and dry weight of weeds. The dominant weed species in maize, common bean and spring barley were Echinochloa crus-galli, Chenopodium album and Galinsoga parviflora, constituting from 58% to 70% of the total number of weeds. Strip cropping clearly reduced the number of weeds per unit area in all the cultivated species and dry weight of aboveground parts produced by them in common bean and maize crops. The limiting effect of strip cropping on the weed infestation parameters was particularly clear in combination with the mechanical weed control method.

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Weed Control in a Conservation Tillage Rotation in the Texas Blacklands

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500060823 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 695-699 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Steven M. Brown ◽

James M. Chandler ◽

John E. Morrison

Keyword(s):

Control Systems ◽

Weed Control ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Control Measures ◽

Sorghum Halepense ◽

Low Intensity ◽

No Till ◽

Primary Tillage ◽

And Control

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate weed control systems in a conservation tillage rotation of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.] – cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) – wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). Herbicide systems included fall and spring/summer inputs of high and low intensity. Tillage regimes were no-till (NT) and reduced-till (RT) systems; the latter included fall primary tillage followed by spring stale seedbed planting. Both tillage systems utilized controlled traffic lanes and wide, raised beds. Effective johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers. # SORHA] control required intense herbicide inputs at one or both application periods, i.e., in the fall and/or spring/summer. Grain sorghum and cotton yields for the most intense weed control system, which included high inputs in both the fall and spring/summer, were not superior to systems that included high inputs in only one of the two application periods. Seedling johnsongrass emergence occurred before spring planting in RT (but not in NT) in 2 of 3 yr, and control measures were ineffective. After 3 yr, the predominant weeds were johnsongrass and browntop panicum (Panicum fasciculatumSw. # PANFA).

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