scholarly journals Yield and Quality of Field-grown Celosia and Globe Amaranth Cut Flowers at Four Plant Densities

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 612-619
Author(s):  
Sabine R. Green ◽  
Geno A. Picchioni ◽  
Leigh W. Murray ◽  
Marisa M. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flowering Stem ◽  
Amaranth Species

Field-grown cut and dried flowers could provide a high-value crop selection for New Mexico. We conducted a 1-year field study to evaluate flower yield and quality characteristics of common globe amaranth (Gomphrena globosa), ‘Strawberry Fields’ globe amaranth (Gomphrena haageana), cockscomb celosia (Celosia argentea var. cristata ‘Chief Mix’), and wheat celosia (Celosia spicata ‘Pink Candle’). Within-row spacing of 15 or 20 cm combined with two-row or three-row per bed plantings resulted in field planting densities ranging from 66,670 to 120,010 plants/ha of common globe amaranth and ‘Strawberry Fields’ globe amaranth, and 100,005 to 200,010 plants/ha of cockscomb and wheat celosia. All but cockscomb celosia produced four harvests that began 22 May and ended 18 Oct., depending on species. Both globe amaranth species had a 5- to 6-month harvest season, two to three midseason to late-season peak harvests, and over 1000 harvested stems totaling 1.4 to 1.8 kg dry weight per 1.5-m2 plot across the season. Both celosia species had a 4.5-month harvest season, one early summer peak harvest, and fewer than 300 harvested stems totaling 0.6 to 0.7 kg dry weight per plot for the year. Seasonally progressive increases in flowering stem length of both globe amaranth species and wheat celosia, and in flowering stem diameter of both globe amaranth species and cockscomb celosia, were observed. Flowering head size of both globe amaranth species and of wheat celosia varied little with harvest season, whereas the head diameter of cockscomb celosia increased with the season. Postharvest flower retention after mechanical impact was about 2% higher for common globe amaranth than it was for ‘Strawberry Fields’ globe amaranth, decreased by about 6% from early to later harvests for both celosia species, and was inversely related to the head size of both globe amaranth species and cockscomb celosia. Despite the wide range in planting density, the density effect was largely limited to cockscomb celosia. For that species, three-row planting (high density) increased the total number of spray flower (multiple head) stems, provided longer stems later into the season and wider heads midway into the season, and prolonged the production of spray stems (15-cm spacing only). Results demonstrate that these four species are excellent candidates as new specialty crops in semiarid conditions.

scholarly journals Growing Saffron Crocus in the Northeastern United States: Effects of Winter Protection and Planting Density

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Rahmatallah Gheshm ◽  
Rebecca Nelson Brown
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Perfect Match ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Tunnels

Saffron is well known as the most expensive spice in the world by weight. It is the dried stigmas of the saffron crocus (Crocus sativus). Besides being well known as a culinary spice, saffron is also important in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and dye industries. Saffron crocus is cultivated in a wide range of environments, from the Mediterranean to the Middle East, and even to northern India’s subtropical climate. Saffron crocus is an environmentally friendly and low-input crop, making it a perfect match for low-input and organic farming, and sustainable agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of producing saffron in New England. The study was conducted from Sept. 2017 to Dec. 2019 at the University of Rhode Island. Two different corm planting densities and two winter protection methods were evaluated. In 2018, corm planting density did not affect the number of flowers per unit area or total stigma yields, but flowers from the low-density plots produced significantly (P < 0.05) heavier pistils than flowers from the high-density plots. In 2019, planting density had no effect on flower number, stigma yield, or pistil dry weight. In 2018, flower number, stigma yield, and pistil dry weight were similar to subplots that had been covered with low tunnels the previous winter and subplots that had not been covered. However, in 2019, the plants in the subplots that remained exposed during the winter produced significantly more (P < 0.05) flowers than the plants in the subplots that were in low tunnels for the winter. Saffron yields followed the same pattern, with the unprotected subplots yielding 57% more than the protected subplots (P < 0.05). These data indicate that winter protection is not beneficial for saffron crocus production in Rhode Island. The use of winter protection increases production costs and can decrease yields.

Effects of row width and planting density on growth and yield of two maincrop potato varieties. 1. Plant morphology and dry-matter accumulation

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. P. Ifenkwe ◽  
E. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Axillary Branches

SUMMARYData are reported from three experiments from 1972 to 1974 in which the effects of two row widths (66 and 132 cm) and five planting densities on the growth of two maincrop potato varieties (Désirée and Maris Piper) were studied. The results were consistent over the 3 years and showed that the effects of widening the row width were to reduce the number of axillary branches and their leaves per plant, in Maris Piper L (leaf area index), and early in the season in both varieties dry weights of leaf, stem and underground parts per plant. Row width had no effect on tuber dry weight for most of the season but at the end of sampling, tuber dry weights were greater from 132cm than from 66 cm rows. Increasing planting density reduced number of axillary branches and their leaves per plant, dry weight of leaf, stem, underground parts and tubers per plant, but increased stem length and tuber dry weight per unit area.Leaf growth of all treatments was rapid during May and high planting densities reached an Lof 3 before the end of this month. L was increased by increased planting density throughout growth, but the lower densities were able to maintain an L of 2–3 formuch of the season. The rapid early increase in L was not associated with any prematuredecline and high rates of tuber dry-matter accumulation were achieved and maintained throughout the season. It is suggested that as the pattern of leaf growth in this environment is coincident with changing light receipts, the environment is almost ideal for the growth of maincrop potatoes.

scholarly journals Effect of Training Method and Spraying Gibberellic and Salicylic Acid on Some Flowers Characters of Snapdragon Plants Antirrhinum majus L.: تأثير طريقة التربية والمعاملة بحامضي السالسليك والجبرلين في بعض الصفات الزهرية لنباتات حنك السبع Antirrhinum majus L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaemur Ahmed Ali  - Abdulrahman Abdulqader Al- Sheikhli
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Flowering Stem ◽  
Inflorescence Length

    The experiment was conducted at research station of the Horticulture and landscape department/ Agriculture college/ Diyala university during 2017- 2018 seasons (8/10/2017- 4/5/2018). The objectives of the experiment were to investigate the effect of training method , training method included four types (single stem, double stems , three stems and four stems). Gibberellic acid sprayed with two concentration (100 , 200 mg.L- 1) also salicylic acid sprayed with two concentration (50, 100 mg.L- 1) and control treatment sprayed two times with distilled water in 15/1/2018 and 15/2/2018. Training methods had significant effects on floral growth characteristics, Single- stem training method had the best regarding days number for inflorescence emergence 131.44days, inflorescence length 44.87cm, inflorescence diameter13.39cm, florets number on inflorescence 46.01 Floret/spike, flowering stem length 86.59cm, flowering stem diameter 10.20mm and petals anthocyanins content 28.30mg/l dry weight. give spraying 100 mg/l of gibberellic acid had best results regarding inflorescence length 44.88cm, inflorescence diameter 13.26cm, florets number on inflorescence 50.47 floret/spike, flowering stem length 81.64cm, flowering stem diameter 10.88mm. give spraying 100 mg/l of Salicylic acid had best results regarding days number for inflorescence emergence 132.66days and petals anthocyanins content 28.65 mg/l dry weight. Interactions between the studied factors had significant effect in all studied characteristics.    

scholarly journals Nitrogen-Yield Relationships in Greenhouse Roses

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 789C-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul I. Cabrera ◽  
Richard Y. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
N Application ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Flower Yield ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
The Relationship

The establishment of critical tissue N (Ncrit) for greenhouse rose production has been primarily based on visual symptoms of N deficiency, with relatively less consideration to yield parameters. This work examined the relationship between rose leaf N concentration and flower yield and quality. Microlysimeter-grown `Royalty' rose plants were irrigated with complete nutrient solutions containing N concentrations of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 220 mg·liter–1. Results after 1 year indicated no significant differences in total dry weight, number of flowers, and stem length for plants irrigated with 90 to 220 mg·liter–1 N. Tissue N concentrations were significantly lower for plants that received 30 or 60 mg N/liter. Estimated Ncrit for yield parameters were ≈2.7% of leaf dry weight. Chlorophyll content and color leaf attributes (hue, chroma, and value) were correlated with tissue N concentration. The results suggest that the rate of N application typically recommended for greenhouse roses is considerably higher than necessary.

scholarly journals (83) Production Systems for Marigold in a Tobacco Transplant Greenhouse

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1067C-1067
Author(s):  
Carl E. Niedziela ◽  
Stephen A. Emerson ◽  
Guochen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Gold Coin ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Square Cells

Plug seedlings of Tagetes erecta L. `Gold Coin Mix' were planted in four production systems (harvest lugs, lay-flat bags, pots, and polystyrene trays) on 5 May 2005. Production systems were randomized in a Latin-square design with four replications of each system. Each treatment plot was 0.7 m × 1.1 m. Planting density was 31 plants/m2. The harvest lugs were 55 cm × 37 cm × 16 cm. The lay-flat bags were 114 cm × 30 cm × 3 cm. The pots were 25-cm bulb pans. The polystyrene trays were 67 × 34 × 5 cm and contained 32 square cells. All of the containers were filled with the same tobacco germination media. The plants in the harvest lugs, lay-flat bags, and pots were irrigated on alternate days with 150 mg·kg-1 N from 20N–4.4P–16.6K. The plants in the polystyrene trays were floated on a solution of 150 mg·kg-1 N from 20N–4.4P–16.6K. Float solutions were monitored and adjusted weekly for volume and fertilizer concentration. Individual stems were harvested at the appropriate stage of development for market. The fresh weight, stem length, and dry weight of individual stems were recorded. The rate of growth and maturation differed between production systems and locations in the greenhouse. Detailed results will be presented.

Effects of nitrogen application strategy and planting density optimization on sorghum yield and quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang D. Yang ◽  
Zun Y. Hu ◽  
Yu F. Zhou ◽  
Zhi Y. Hao ◽  
Jing H. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Planting Density ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Yield And Quality

scholarly journals Genome-wide association study and gene network analyses reveal potential candidate genes for high night temperature tolerance in rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raju Bheemanahalli ◽  
Montana Knight ◽  
Cherryl Quinones ◽  
Colleen J. Doherty ◽  
S. V. Krishna Jagadish
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Genetic Loci ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractHigh night temperatures (HNT) are shown to significantly reduce rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield and quality. A better understanding of the genetic architecture of HNT tolerance will help rice breeders to develop varieties adapted to future warmer climates. In this study, a diverse indica rice panel displayed a wide range of phenotypic variability in yield and quality traits under control night (24 °C) and higher night (29 °C) temperatures. Genome-wide association analysis revealed 38 genetic loci associated across treatments (18 for control and 20 for HNT). Nineteen loci were detected with the relative changes in the traits between control and HNT. Positive phenotypic correlations and co-located genetic loci with previously cloned grain size genes revealed common genetic regulation between control and HNT, particularly grain size. Network-based predictive models prioritized 20 causal genes at the genetic loci based on known gene/s expression under HNT in rice. Our study provides important insights for future candidate gene validation and molecular marker development to enhance HNT tolerance in rice. Integrated physiological, genomic, and gene network-informed approaches indicate that the candidate genes for stay-green trait may be relevant to minimizing HNT-induced yield and quality losses during grain filling in rice by optimizing source-sink relationships.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Manures on Growth, Rhizome Yield and Quality Attributes of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. U. Kamal ◽  
M. N. Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Yield And Quality

The investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of different organic manures on turmeric with reference to vegetative growth, biomass production, rhizome yield and its attributes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Turmeric showed better response to the application of organic manures. Plant with neem cake application had the taller plant (79.30 cm), maximum number of tillers per plant (5.40), leaf number (5.40), leaf area (44.09) leaf area index (0.429), fresh weight of halum ( 190.05g), fresh weight of root (49.13 g), fresh weight of rhizome per plant (256.21 g) and dry weight of halum (15.21g), dry weight of root (7.32 g), dry weight of rhizome per plant (40.35 g), total dry matter yield (6.85 t ha-1) than those received other types of manures. Moreover, yield attributes such as number of mother rhizomes per plant-1 (1.75), more number of primary rhizomes per plant-1 (5.19), secondary rhizomes per plant-1 (18.03) and tertiary rhizomes per plant (7.69) were also highly accelerated by neem cake application. Similarly, the same treatment expressed the best in terms of size of mother rhizome (7.69 cm), primary rhizome (21.86 cm) and secondary rhizomes (7.05 cm).All these parameters in cumulative contributed to  produce the highest estimated fresh rhizomes yield & cured rhizomes yield (29.48 t ha-1, 5.59 t ha-1 respectively). The highest curing percentage (20.28) was observed in T3 treatment having mustard cake@ 2.0 t/ha. Thus, organic manure like neem cake was best fitted natural fertilizer for turmeric cultivation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11060The Agriculturists 2012; 10(1): 16-22

Diet of European freshwater pearl mussels Margaritifera margaritifera (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida) in small river (Republic of Karelia, Russia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-515
Author(s):  
S.F. Komulaynen
Keyword(s):  
Algal Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lake Ladoga ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Margaritifera Margaritifera ◽  
Pearl Mussel ◽  
Organic Detritus ◽  
Unicellular Algae ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intestinal Contents

The freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus,1758) is endangered in Europe and is now listed in the Red Data Book of many countries and regions. The diet of the species in the Syskyänjoki River (a tributary of Lake Ladoga) has been studied. The contents of the intestine generally correspond to the composition of seston, and include organic detritus, filamentous and unicellular algae, fragments of invertebrates and macrophyte tissues mixed with silt and sand. The total biomass of the intestinal contents of varied from 0.8 to 30.6 mg per organism (absolutely dry weight). Margaritifera margaritifera consumes a wide range of particles, from 0.5 μm3 (bacteria and unicellular algae) to 200 000 μm3 (fragments of invertebrates and macrophyte tissues). About 90–95% (by volume) of the intestinal contents was consisted by fine organic detritus. The food composition did not differ significantly for mollusks of different sexes and size. In the intestinal contents, 63 taxa of algae were identified. The number of algal species in the content of one intestine varied from 3 to 17, with their abundance from 250 to 9560 cells per organism. The most abundant and constant in the contents of the intestines are unicellular algae. Diatoms are the most diverse, they make up 50.8% of the total number of species.

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