scholarly journals Effect of Training Method and Spraying Gibberellic and Salicylic Acid on Some Flowers Characters of Snapdragon Plants Antirrhinum majus L.: تأثير طريقة التربية والمعاملة بحامضي السالسليك والجبرلين في بعض الصفات الزهرية لنباتات حنك السبع Antirrhinum majus L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaemur Ahmed Ali  - Abdulrahman Abdulqader Al- Sheikhli
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Flowering Stem ◽  
Inflorescence Length

    The experiment was conducted at research station of the Horticulture and landscape department/ Agriculture college/ Diyala university during 2017- 2018 seasons (8/10/2017- 4/5/2018). The objectives of the experiment were to investigate the effect of training method , training method included four types (single stem, double stems , three stems and four stems). Gibberellic acid sprayed with two concentration (100 , 200 mg.L- 1) also salicylic acid sprayed with two concentration (50, 100 mg.L- 1) and control treatment sprayed two times with distilled water in 15/1/2018 and 15/2/2018. Training methods had significant effects on floral growth characteristics, Single- stem training method had the best regarding days number for inflorescence emergence 131.44days, inflorescence length 44.87cm, inflorescence diameter13.39cm, florets number on inflorescence 46.01 Floret/spike, flowering stem length 86.59cm, flowering stem diameter 10.20mm and petals anthocyanins content 28.30mg/l dry weight. give spraying 100 mg/l of gibberellic acid had best results regarding inflorescence length 44.88cm, inflorescence diameter 13.26cm, florets number on inflorescence 50.47 floret/spike, flowering stem length 81.64cm, flowering stem diameter 10.88mm. give spraying 100 mg/l of Salicylic acid had best results regarding days number for inflorescence emergence 132.66days and petals anthocyanins content 28.65 mg/l dry weight. Interactions between the studied factors had significant effect in all studied characteristics.    

scholarly journals Effect of Training Method and Spraying Gibberellic and Salicylic Acide on Some Vegetative Growth Characters of Snapdragon Plants Antirrhinum majus L.: تأثير طريقة التربية والمعاملة بحامضي السالسليك والجبرلين في بعض صفات النمو الخضري لنباتات حنك السبع Antirrhinum majus L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Abdulqader Al-Sheikhli - Yueamar Ahmed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
And Control

  The experiment was conducted at research station of the Horticulture and landscape department/ Agriculture college/ Diyala university during 2017 - 2018 seasons (8/10/2017 - 4/5/2018). The objectives of the experiment were to investigate the effect of training method , training method included four types (single stem, double stems , three stems and four stems). Gibberellic acid sprayed with two concentration (100 , 200 mg.L-1) also salicylic acid sprayed with two concentration (50, 100 mg.L-1) and control treatment sprayed two times with distilled water in 15/1/2018 and 15/2/2018. Training methods had significant effects on shoots growth characteristics, Single-stem training method had the best regarding plant height132.36cm, leaves chlorophyll content28.29%, total carbohydrate content58.78Spad unit. Four-stem training method had best results regarding leaves number269.72 leaf/plant, leaf area3235.98cm2/plant, fresh weigh of shoots72.77gm/plant, dry weigh of shoots19.18gm/plant. give spraying 100 mg/l of gibberellic acid had best results regarding plant height124.80cm, leaves number172.91leaf/plant, leaves area2872.81cm2/plant, fresh weight of shoots73.99gm/plant, dry weight of shoots19.48gm/plant, leaves chlorophyll content55.07spad unit, total carbohydrate content28.29%. Interactions between the studied factors had significant effect in all studied characteristics.    

scholarly journals Yield and Quality of Field-grown Celosia and Globe Amaranth Cut Flowers at Four Plant Densities

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 612-619
Author(s):  
Sabine R. Green ◽  
Geno A. Picchioni ◽  
Leigh W. Murray ◽  
Marisa M. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flowering Stem ◽  
Amaranth Species

Field-grown cut and dried flowers could provide a high-value crop selection for New Mexico. We conducted a 1-year field study to evaluate flower yield and quality characteristics of common globe amaranth (Gomphrena globosa), ‘Strawberry Fields’ globe amaranth (Gomphrena haageana), cockscomb celosia (Celosia argentea var. cristata ‘Chief Mix’), and wheat celosia (Celosia spicata ‘Pink Candle’). Within-row spacing of 15 or 20 cm combined with two-row or three-row per bed plantings resulted in field planting densities ranging from 66,670 to 120,010 plants/ha of common globe amaranth and ‘Strawberry Fields’ globe amaranth, and 100,005 to 200,010 plants/ha of cockscomb and wheat celosia. All but cockscomb celosia produced four harvests that began 22 May and ended 18 Oct., depending on species. Both globe amaranth species had a 5- to 6-month harvest season, two to three midseason to late-season peak harvests, and over 1000 harvested stems totaling 1.4 to 1.8 kg dry weight per 1.5-m2 plot across the season. Both celosia species had a 4.5-month harvest season, one early summer peak harvest, and fewer than 300 harvested stems totaling 0.6 to 0.7 kg dry weight per plot for the year. Seasonally progressive increases in flowering stem length of both globe amaranth species and wheat celosia, and in flowering stem diameter of both globe amaranth species and cockscomb celosia, were observed. Flowering head size of both globe amaranth species and of wheat celosia varied little with harvest season, whereas the head diameter of cockscomb celosia increased with the season. Postharvest flower retention after mechanical impact was about 2% higher for common globe amaranth than it was for ‘Strawberry Fields’ globe amaranth, decreased by about 6% from early to later harvests for both celosia species, and was inversely related to the head size of both globe amaranth species and cockscomb celosia. Despite the wide range in planting density, the density effect was largely limited to cockscomb celosia. For that species, three-row planting (high density) increased the total number of spray flower (multiple head) stems, provided longer stems later into the season and wider heads midway into the season, and prolonged the production of spray stems (15-cm spacing only). Results demonstrate that these four species are excellent candidates as new specialty crops in semiarid conditions.

scholarly journals Influence of Day and Night Temperatures on Sweet Pepper Seedling Development

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Si ◽  
Royal D. Heins
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
The Difference

Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum `Resistant Giant no. 4') seedlings were grown for 6 weeks in 128-cell plug trays under 16 day/night temperature (DT/NT) regimes from 14 to 26 °C. Seedling stem length, internode length, stem diameter, leaf area, internode and leaf count, plant volume, shoot dry weight (DW), seedling index, and leaf unfolding rate (LUR) were primarily functions of average daily temperature (ADT); i.e., DT and NT had similar effects on each growth or development parameter. Compared to ADT, the difference (DIF, where DIF = DT - NT) between DT and NT had a smaller but still statistically significant effect on stem and internode length, leaf area, plant volume, stem diameter, and seedling index. DIF had no effect on internode and leaf count, shoot DW, and LUR. The root: shoot ratio and leaf reflectance were affected by DT and DIF. Positive DIF (DT higher than NT) caused darker-green leaf color than negative DIF. The node at which the first flower initiated was related to NT. The number of nodes to the first flower on pepper plugs grown at 26 C NT was 1.2 fewer than those of plants grown at 14 °C NT.

scholarly journals Effect of Seaweed Extract Spray on Vegetative and Flowering Growth of Two Narcissus Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
Ayat H.M. Al-Khuzaey ◽  
Fatimah A.H. Al-Asadi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Research Station ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference

An experiment was carried out in the Cloth Canopy, Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, during the agricultural season 2018-2019, to study the effect of the seaweed extract spray (0, 2 and 4 m.L-1) on vegetative and flowering growth of two Narcissus species. Local white flowers (Narcissus tazetta) and the imported yellow flowers (N. eastertide). A factorial experiment with Randomized Completely Block Design (R.C.B.D) were used, with three replicates, the averages were compared using Least Significant Difference (L.S.D). When the plants reached treated at the emergence completion, leaves were sprayed to wetness full, with three times, the process was repeated every 15 days. The results showed that the white variety was significantly higher as well as plants treated with 4 m.L-1 extract showed significant superiority in all studied traits, the interaction between the white variety and spraying with seaweed extract concentration of 4 m.L-1 had a significant on the number of leaves5.00 leaf plant-1, leaf area 818 cm2, fresh and dry weights (30.16 and 15.70 g) of the vegetative total, flower stem length 45.55 cm, vase life 17.29 day.  while the interaction between the yellow species and spraying with seaweed extract concentration of 4 m.L-1 had a significant on fresh and dry weight of the flowers (16.80 and 1.73 g).

scholarly journals Pengaruh Bobot Biji terhadap Pertumbuhan Semai Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Putu Indriyani ◽  
Deni Emilda
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Leaflet Number

One of the horticultural commodities included in the national seed provision program in 2018 is a stinking bean. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of seed weight on stink bean seedling growth. The research was conducted at Sumani Research Station, Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute, from September to December 2017. A Complete Randomized Block Design was used in this study consisted of 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were stink bean seed weights, namely: A) 1.5-1.8 g; B) 1.9-2.2 g; C) 2.3-2.6 g; D) 2.7-3 g; and E) > 3 g. The observed variables were plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaflet number, total dry weight of plants, length of roots, and a number of living seedlings. Data analysis used analysis of variance (ANOVA) and was proceeded with HSD test at α 5% if these treatments given gave significantly different effects. The results showed that the stink bean seed weight significantly affected the growth parameters of seedlings, including plant height, stem diameter, leaflet number, dry weights (of roots, upper parts of plants, and total) at 12 weeks after sowing. The seedlings from seeds weighing >3 g had the highest plant height, stem diameter, leaflet number, and dry weight (of roots, upper parts of plants, and total) compared to those seedlings from smaller seeds. Keywords: stink bean, seed weight, seedling growth   ABSTRAK Salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang termasuk dalam program perbenihan nasional pada tahun 2018 adalah petai. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bobot biji terhadap pertumbuhan semai petai. Penelitian dilakukan di KP Sumani, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika, mulai bulan September sampai Desember 2017. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap dengan lima perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan adalah bobot biji petai, yaitu: A) 1,5-1,8 g; B) 1,9-2,2 g; C) 2,3-2,6 g; D) 2,7-3 g; dan E) > 3 g. Peubah yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, jumlah anak daun,bobot kering total tanaman, panjang akar dan jumlah benih hidup. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji beda BNJ 5% jika perlakuan yang diberikan memberikan pengaruh yang nyata. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bobot biji petai berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter pertumbuhan, seperti tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah anak daun, bobot kering (akar, bagian atas tanaman dan total) pada umur 12 minggu setelah semai. Semaian dari biji dengan bobot > 3 g mempunyai tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah anak daun dan bobot kering (akar, bagian atas tanaman dan total) yang terbesar dibandingkan bibit-bibit dari biji-biji yang lebih kecil. Kata kunci: bobot biji, pertumbuhan bibit, petai

EFFECTS OF GIBBERELLIC ACID ON GROWTH OF ANTIRRHINUM MAJUS ’UTAH WHITE’ IN A CARBON DIOXIDE-ENRICHED ENVIRONMENT

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Te-sen Pih ◽  
E. W. Toop
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Snapdragon seedlings (Antirrhinum majus ’Utah White’) were benched in two adjoining greenhouse compartments. A randomized-block design including three concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) and a distilled water control was employed in each compartment. Treatments were replicated three times. Treatment of snapdragon seedlings with GA3 significantly increased the length of inflorescences, the overall height of the plants at maturity and the fresh weight of the tops when the plants were grown in a carbon dioxide-enriched atmosphere. Treatment hindered root development and reduced chlorophyll content of leaves in relation to dry weight. Plants grown in an atmosphere containing 0.09% CO2 had longer inflorescences, were taller, had greater fresh weight and more chlorophyll at each level of treatment with GA3 than such plants grown in an atmosphere containing 0.03% CO2. However, these comparisons were considered significant only for total height (control) and fresh weight of tops (0, 10 and 50 μg/ml GA3). Whereas GA3 at 10 μg/ml reduced length of roots proportionally in both levels of CO2, higher concentrations of GA3 continued to give significant reduction only under the higher level of CO2.

scholarly journals Evaluation of almond young trees growth and nutritional status under different slow-release compound fertilizer types and doses at Nubaria region

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Nabila ◽  
M. S. Abourayya ◽  
Thanaa Sh. M. Mahmoud ◽  
R. A. Eisa ◽  
Amal M. Rakha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
Almond Trees

Abstract Background Slow-release fertilizers (SRF) are quite numerous, and diverse group of materials are involved in the improvement of the effectiveness of fertilization, mitigation of the negative impact of fertilizers on the environment, and the reduction of labor and energy consumption connected with the application of conventional fertilizers. The objective of the experiment was to measure vegetative growth parameters and nutritional status of Nonpareil almond young trees under two types of slow-release compound fertilizers: Matador at 30, 60, and 120 kg/Feddan and Nitrophoska at (25, 50, and 100 kg/Feddan. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Research Station of National Research Centre at Nubaria, El Behera governorate, Egypt, during successive growing seasons 2018 and 2019. Results The results indicated that increasing doses of slow-release fertilizer significantly improved vegetative growth of trees. The highest dose of Nitrophoska had significantly higher stem length, diameter, numbers of branches and leaves/trees, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf fresh and dry weight while the highest significant of specific leaf dry weight was obtained by applying the highest dose of Matador compared with control trees that received the fast-release fertilizer NPK 19:19:19 at 200 kg/Feddan. Leaf mineral contents of some macro (N, P, K and Mg) and micro elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) were significantly increased as a result of application with slow-release fertilizers. Nitrophoska at 100 kg/Feddan gave the highest values of nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, and iron while Matador at 120 kg/Feddan gave the highest value of manganese. Matador at all doses resulted in a significant increment in phosphorus concentration in leaves in both seasons. Nitrophoska at 100 kg/Feddan and Matador at 120 kg/Feddan recorded the highest values of zinc and copper without significant differences between them. Conclusions It could be concluded that application with slow-release fertilizers resulted in a positive and significant influence on most investigated vegetative growth measurements and leaf mineral contents of Nonpareil almond trees, since the application with Nitrophoska at 100 kg/Feddan was the most effective treatment for increasing growth measurements and improving leaf nutritional status of Nonpareil almond trees grown under Nubaria condition.

Pattern of Tea Shoot Growth

1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Smith ◽  
F. J. Harvey ◽  
M. G. R. Cannell
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Tea Shoot

SUMMARYTea shoot development was measured by sequentially sampling shoots from seven clones growing at Nsuwadzi Research Station, Mulanje, Malawi. A Gompertz growth curve best described the increase in shoot length with time, an exponential curve described the relation between dry weight and shoot length, and a quadratic curve related dry weight to fresh weight. The parameters of these curves differed among clones and provide a basis for exploring genetic influences on tea yield. The most rapid elongation of shoots of all clones occurred about 42 days after plucking, considered the optimum age for harvest at Mulanje. Clones selected at Mulanje produced longer shoots with greater dry weight but slightly lower dry matter content per unit stem length than clones selected at Kericho, Kenya. The dry:fresh weight ratio of 0.22 used at Mulanje to calculate dry matter yields was too high for most clones.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PHOTOPERIOD AND GIBBERELLIC ACID ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF CRASPEDIA UNIFLORA.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1092a-1092
Author(s):  
David C. Annis ◽  
Terri Starman
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Long Day

Flowers of Craspedi a uniflora (Billy Buttons), a New Zealand annual plant, have been introduced recently into the U.S.A. florist market. Craspedia is relatively unknown in the U.S.A., but is beginning to be utilized by florists as a cut flower and has potential for specialty cut flower production. Craspedia uniflora cut flowers were grown from seed in an inflated, double-layer, polyethylene greenhouse. Short day (SD) and long day (LD) photoperiod treatments were applied by daylength reduction via black cloth and night interruption lighting, respectively. Treatments began 10 weeks after sowing (15 leaf stage) and continued until harvest. Gibberellic acid was applied as a single foliar spray to runoff at 0 and 500 mg·liter-1 at initiation of photoperiod treatment. Long day treatment reduced days to anthesis, increased flower number, and decreased stem length and plant fresh weight. Gibberellic acid (500 mg·liter-1) increased foliage height under both photo period treatments and increased plant dry weight under LD but reduced dry weight under SD treatment. Flower fresh weight, diameter and bud number were not affected by treatment.

scholarly journals Drought, Paclobutrazol, Abscisic Acid, and Gibberellic Acid as Alternatives to Daminozide in Tomato Transplant Production

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce G. Latimer
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Stem Strength ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

`Floradade' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants treated with foliar sprays of paclobutrazol at 0, 14, 30, 60, or 90 ppm exhibited reductions in stem length, leaf area, and plant dry weight in a cubic response pattern. Gibberellic acid (GA) drenches, at 10, 100, or 250 ppm, increased stem length, leaf area, and plant dry weight. Daminozide (2500 or 5000 ppm) sprays reduced leaf area and dry weight, but 5000 ppm had no effect on stem length. Abscisic acid drenches, at 275, 660, or 1320 ppm, did not affect final plant size. In subsequent experiments to produce transplants for field evaluation, plants treated with paclobutrazol sprays at 90 (1987) and 14 or 60 ppm (1988) had smaller leaf area, stem length, and shoot dry weight than untreated plants. In 1987,90 ppm paclobutrazol reduced stem shear strength, while 2500 ppm daminozide increased stem strength relative to controls. In 1988, 2500 ppm daminozide increased transplant growth while 660 ppm abscisic acid had no effect. Paclobutrazol (14 ppm) and drought improved field establishment of transplants as measured by shoot dry weight gain after field planting. In 1988, total fruit yield was reduced by 60 ppm paclobutrazol and GA. Although fruit size was unaffected by treatments, fruit number was reduced by GA. Chemical names used: butanedioic acid mono (2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide); B-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α -(1,1-dimethylethyl) -N-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).

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