scholarly journals Physiological and Chemical Changes during Ripening of Costa Rican Bananas Harvested in Different Seasons

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1157-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas H. Marin ◽  
Sylvia M. Blankenship ◽  
Turner B. Sutton ◽  
William H. Swallow
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Ethylene Treatment ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Postharvest Life ◽  
Subsequent Storage

Mature green `Grande Naine' bananas (Musa AAA) were harvested 13 weeks after flowering in June and Sept. 1993 and Feb. and Mar. 1994 and were sent air freight to Raleigh, N.C. Fruit were held under 1) storage (36 days at 14 C and 80% to 90% relative humidity) or 2) ripening (8 days storage, followed by ethylene treatment on day 8 and subsequent storage at 17 °C and 80% to 90% relative humidity). Despite of similar grade and age, length of the preclimacteric phase (green life) was different between fruit harvested at different times of the year. Fruit harvested in February and March had a longer green life than those harvested in June and September. Rate of respiration best described changes that occurred during the postharvest life of bananas; however, variables such as pulp pH and soluble solids could be commercially useful measures. Once gassed with ethylene, ripening rates were similar between all four lots of fruit, indicating that seasonal variation probably doesn't contribute much to variability seen during ripening. Hand position in the bunch did not have a large influence on variability during ripening or storage.

scholarly journals Physiological and Chemical Changes during Ripening of Costa Rican Bananas Harvested at Four Different Seasons

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 805A-805
Author(s):  
D.H. Marin ◽  
S.M. Blankenship ◽  
T.B. Sutton ◽  
W.H. Swallow
Keyword(s):  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Harvest Rate ◽  
Ethylene Treatment ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Starch Conversion

Mature-green `Grande Naine' bananas (Musa AAA) were harvested 13 weeks after flowering, in June and Sept. 1993, and Feb. and Mar. 1994. Fruit were 1) held in storage for 36 days at 14C and 80% to 90% RH, or 2) after 8 days of storage, fruit were treated with ethylene, and held at 17C until color 6 of the standard color scale was observed. Although a similar grade and age, the length of the preclimacteric phase was different among months, which reflected different physiological maturities at harvest. Rate of respiration, pulp pH, and soluble solids were the most-useful variables to characterize the fruit. Increases in respiration after ethylene treatment varied from 4- up to 14-fold the respiratory level under storage conditions. The climacteric occurred at any point during ripening, ranging from color 2 to 5, except at very early stages. Ethylene increases were short in duration and magnitude, and occurred earlier than the respiratory peak. Sometimes, internal and external ripening stages did not match. The most dramatic seasonal effects were observed in CO2 evolution, pulp-to-peel ratio, and starch conversion.

scholarly journals (192) Effect of Controlled Atmosphere in Postharvest Life of `Elliot' Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1044A-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Luchsinger ◽  
Alvaro Villalobos ◽  
Antonio Lizana
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Titrable Acidity ◽  
Postharvest Life ◽  
Positive Effect

Postharvest response to high CO2 controlled atmosphere (CA) was studied in the blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivar Elliot. Fruit was stored at 0 °C, 90% relative humidity and 15%, 18%, and 21% of CO2 and 5% of O2 and in air (0.03% CO2 and 21% O2). Evaluations were performed after 30 and 60 days of storage and an aditional period of 3 and 6 days at 10 °C (ripening period). Parameters meassured were: color (lightness, hue, and chroma), firmness, soluble solids (SS), titrable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, pH, weight loss, decay, physiological disorders, and appearance. The CA caused a positive effect, preserving the quality of the fruit in storage, by decreasing the respiratory rate and decay incidence. The 15% CO2 controlled atmosphere presented the best firmness and lowest decay. Acceptable conditions of quality were kept for 60 days of storage.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation of Kaurenoic Acid, a Hypoglycemic Diterpene Present in Wedelia paludosa (Acmela brasiliensis) (Asteraceae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisiane Faccio V. Bresciania ◽  
Rosendo Augusto Yunes ◽  
Cristiani Bürger ◽  
Luis Eduardo De Oliveira ◽  
Kauê Leal Bóf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Kaurenoic Acid ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Hypoglycemic Diterpene

We evaluated the variation of the concentration of kaurenoic acid (1), which is a bioactive diterpene, in leaves, flowers, stems and roots from Wedelia paludosa (Acmela brasiliensis) for different seasons using the HRGC/FID method. The results indicated that the concentration of 1 is higher in the roots and stems during the autumn. The pharmacological results suggested that kaurenoic acid is responsible, at least in part, for the hypoglycemic potential detected in this plant.

scholarly journals Temporal–Spatial Patterns of Relative Humidity and the Urban Dryness Island Effect in Beijing City

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 2221-2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Yang ◽  
Guoyu Ren ◽  
Wei Hou
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Beijing City ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Beijing China

AbstractHourly datasets obtained by automatic weather stations in Beijing, China, are developed and employed to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of relative humidity (RH) and urban dryness island intensity (UDII) over built-up areas. A total of 36 stations inside the sixth ring road are considered as urban sites, while six stations in suburban belts surrounding the built-up areas are taken as reference sites. Results show that the RH is obviously smaller in urban areas than in suburban areas, indicating the effect of urbanization on near-surface atmospheric moisture and RH. A further analysis of relations between RH and temperature on varied time scales shows that the variations in RH in the urban areas are not due solely to changes in temperature. The annual and seasonal mean UDII are high in central urban areas, with the strongest UDII values occurring in autumn and the weakest values occurring in spring. The diurnal UDII variations are characterized by a steadily strong UDII stage from 2000 to 0800 LT and a minimum at 1500 or 1600 LT. The rapid shifts of UDII from high (low) to low (high) occur during the periods 0800–1600 LT (1600–2000 LT). The occurrence time of the peaks varies among different seasons: the peaks appear at 0700, 2100, 2000, and 0800 LT for spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. Further analysis shows that large UDII values appear in the evenings and early nights in late summer and early to midautumn and that low UDII values mainly occur in the afternoon hours of spring, winter, and late autumn.

scholarly journals Use of Chlorella sp. for coating ‘tommy atkins’ mango fruits stored under refrigeration

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agda Malany Forte de Oliveira ◽  
Railene Hérica Carlos Rocha ◽  
Wellinghton Alves Guedes ◽  
George Alves Dias ◽  
José Franciraldo de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Edible Coatings ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The number of studies on edible coatings that are used for extending the shelf life of fruits has steadily increased. For this purpose, it is necessary to choose raw materials with characteristics that maintain product quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of coatings of Chlorella sp. on the post-harvest conservation of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango fruits. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design, and spray treatments (T) with 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, or 4% of Chlorella sp. were applied to the fruits. After the treatments, the fruits were stored for 28 days (21 days at 10 °C and 42% relative humidity and 7 days at 25 °C and 42% relative humidity), and were analyzed on day 28. There was higher pulp firmness in fruits as the concentration of Chlorella sp. was increased, and the concentration of ascorbic acid was comparatively higher (22.17%) in fruits treated with 3% Chlorella sp. The percentage of soluble solids and the soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio were decreased as the coating concentrations were decreased. The use of Chlorella sp. at 1% and 2% allowed fruit maturation without compromising fruit quality attributes during the 28-day storage period.

scholarly journals The effect of some seasonal conditions on oestrus occurrence in cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-465
Author(s):  
B. Bülbül ◽  
M. B. Ataman
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Annual Distribution

Abstract. In this study, the effect of climatic conditions on oestrus occurrence was investigated by using 9 972 oestrus records of cows recorded between 1995 and 2003. A distinct seasonal variation in the oestrus occurrence was determined. Oestrus occurrence observed in January, March, November and December was less than that in June and September (P<0.05). Annual distribution of the oestrus occurrence was positively correlated with environment temperature and insulation duration, but it was negatively correlated with rainfall (P<0.01). However, there was no relationship between oestrus occurrence and relative humidity. In addition to these, there was a slight decrease in the oestrus response when the temperature-humidity index (THI) was above 72; nevertheless, this decrease was not significant (P >0.05). The data presented in this study demonstrated that the increase in the environmental temperature up to 23 °C did not cause a suppressive effect on the ovarian activity. In conclusion, annual distribution of the oestrus occurrence is positively correlated with environment temperature and insulation duration whereas it is negatively correlated with rainfall in Holstein cows, in this study.

scholarly journals Effect of Cutting and Storage on Acetate and Nonacetate Esters in Convenient, Ready-to-eat Fresh-cut Melons and Apples

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Relative Increase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Decrease ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Postharvest Life ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Harvest Regimes ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Volatile Esters

Examples from various harvest regimes, storage regimes, cultivars and different packaging methods are presented to characterize volatile ester differences after cutting and how changes occur in characteristic flavors throughout the postharvest life of certain cut fruit products. In many fresh-cut cantaloupe cultivars and in honeydew, there was a relative increase in nonacetates and coinciding relative decrease in acetates during storage. A similar and consistent nonacetate:acetate ester ratio was conserved in cantaloupe from eastern and western U.S. regions, as well as different cultivars from the same field. Furthermore, similar ratios were observed in many melon cultivars over multiple years from different seasons and growing regions. Since many cultivars exhibited similar trends in 2-year repeated studies, the trend is apparently independent of year and season. Fresh-cut `Gala' apples, on the other hand, displayed a slightly different trend whereby both acetates and nonacetate esters decreased appreciably during storage. The hypothesis is put forward that recycling of esters during storage in certain fresh-cut fruits disturbs the delicate fine balance of characteristic volatiles. Consistently decreasing acetates along with increasing nonacetates could alter the overall perceived desirable flavor attributes during fresh-cut melon storage, even though volatile esters are still abundant.

POSTHARVEST FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OCCURRENCE OF BREAKDOWN IN SPARTAN APPLE

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. PORRITT ◽  
P. D. LIDSTER ◽  
M. MEHERIUK
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Malus Pumila ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Holding Period ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Storage Atmosphere ◽  
Malus Pumila Mill ◽  
Soft Fruit

The incidence of internal breakdown in Spartan apples (Malus pumila Mill.) was significantly reduced by a 3-day holding period at 20 C or 2 wk in hypobaric storage at 0 C prior to 0 C storage. Dipping fruit in solutions of calcium chloride or gibberellic acid prior to storage also reduced the disorder. High relative humidity in the storage atmosphere was associated with soft fruit, low soluble solids, low ethylene production and increased incidence of breakdown.

Vitamin D (25-OH) concentrations in hospitalized patients, outpatients and dialysis patients depending on seasonal variation

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-212
Author(s):  
Magdalena Maria Ostrowska ◽  
Ewa Szulc-Mysińska ◽  
Dagna Bobilewicz ◽  
Marta Faryna
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Global Health Problem

Vitamin D deficiency, which is a global health problem, may result in numerous diseases, such as rickets in children and osteoporosis and osteomalacia in adults. The occurrence of the above-mentioned disorders is promoted by the wintertime and higher latitudes. The aim of the study was to compare the concentrations of vitamin D (25-OH) in hospitalized patients and outpatients in different seasons of the year (summer and winter), as well as in dialysis patients in December and May. The Roche test for the quantitativedetermination of total vitamin D (25-OH) was used in the study. The range from 30 to 80 ng/ml was accepted as the optimum concentration. In hospitalized patients and outpatients, both in summer and winter mean concentration of vitamin D (25-OH) reached the values below 30 ng/ml in over 80% of the patients. Only in the hospitalized patient group mean concentration of vitamin D (25-OH) in the summer was significantly higher than in the winter (p=0.0016). In the dialysis patients mean concentration of vitamin (25-OH) in May was significantly higher than in December (p=0.0085) and the percent of the results below 30 ng/ml amounted to 96.39% in December and 77.27% in May. In conclusion, the 25(OH)D concentrations in the whole population under study are lower than those recommended and undergo periodical seasonal changes in hospitalized patients.

scholarly journals COLD TOLERANCE OF BANANA FRUITS OF DIFFERENT CULTIVARS

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOÃO ALISON ALVES OLIVEIRA ◽  
LUIZ CARLOS CHAMHUM SALOMÃO ◽  
DALMO LOPES DE SIQUEIRA ◽  
PAULO ROBERTO CECON
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
C Storage

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the tolerance of fruits of different banana cultivars to low temperature storages. Fruits of the cultivars Nanicão (AAA), Prata (AAB), Vitória (AAAB), Maçã (AAB) and Caipira (AAA) were used. Clusters of three fruits were kept in cold storage for 7, 14 and 21 days, with average temperature of 10.53±0.37°C and relative humidity of 85%. Subsequently, the clusters were transferred to temperatures of 22±0.39°C and evaluated for 16 days. The fruits of all cultivars remained green after 21 days of storage at 10.53±0.37°C. Fruits of the cultivar Nanicão did not completely ripened after transferred to the 22°C storage, when stored for 7 days at low temperature. These fruits were firmer, with green peel and low soluble solids and titratable acidity. The fruits of all cultivars complete the ripening when transferred to room temperature after 21 days of cold storage. Chilling injuries increased with cold storage time in all cultivars. The cultivars Nanicão, Caipira and Maçã had more symptoms of chilling injury, while Prata and Vitória were more tolerant to the cold storage (10.53°C) for up to 21 days, showing normal ripening after transferred to the 22±0.39°C storage.

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