scholarly journals Statistics in a Horticultural Journal: Problems and Solutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Kramer ◽  
Ellen T. Paparozzi ◽  
Walter W. Stroup
Keyword(s):  
Error Control ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Graduate Training ◽  
Quantitative Literacy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Statistical Knowledge ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
American Society

We examined all articles in volume 139 and the first issue of volume 140 of the Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science (JASHS) for statistical problems. Slightly fewer than half appeared to have problems. This is consistent with what has been found for other biological journals. Problems ranged from inappropriate analyses and statistical procedures to insufficient (or complete lack of) information on how the analyses were performed. A common problem arose from taking many measurements from the same plant, which leads to correlated test results, ignored when declaring significance at P = 0.05 for each test. In this case, experiment-wise error control is lacking. We believe that many of these problems could and should have been caught in the writing or review process; i.e., identifying them did not require an extensive statistics background. This suggests that authors and reviewers have not absorbed nor kept current with many of the statistical basics needed for understanding their own data, for conducting proper statistical analyses, and for communicating their results. For a variety of reasons, graduate training in statistics for horticulture majors appears inadequate; we suggest that researchers in this field actively seek out opportunities to improve and update their statistical knowledge throughout their careers and engage a statistician as a collaborator early when unfamiliar methods are needed to design or analyze a research study. In addition, the ASHS, which publishes three journals, should assist authors, reviewers, and editors by recognizing and supporting the need for continuing education in quantitative literacy.

scholarly journals Statistics in a Horticultural Journal: Problems and Solutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-564
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Kramer ◽  
Ellen T. Paparozzi ◽  
Walter W. Stroup
Keyword(s):  
Error Control ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Graduate Training ◽  
Quantitative Literacy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Statistical Knowledge ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
American Society

We examined all articles in volume 139 and the first issue of volume 140 of the Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science (JASHS) for statistical problems. Slightly fewer than half appeared to have problems. This is consistent with what has been found for other biological journals. Problems ranged from inappropriate analyses and statistical procedures to insufficient (or complete lack of) information on how the analyses were performed. A common problem arose from taking many measurements from the same plant, which leads to correlated test results, ignored when declaring significance at P = 0.05 for each test. In this case, experiment-wise error control is lacking. We believe that many of these problems could and should have been caught in the writing or review process; i.e., identifying them did not require an extensive statistics background. This suggests that authors and reviewers have not absorbed nor kept current with many of the statistical basics needed for understanding their own data, for conducting proper statistical analyses, and for communicating their results. For a variety of reasons, graduate training in statistics for horticulture majors appears inadequate; we suggest that researchers in this field actively seek out opportunities to improve and update their statistical knowledge throughout their careers and engage a statistician as a collaborator early when unfamiliar methods are needed to design or analyze a research study. In addition, the ASHS, which publishes three journals, should assist authors, reviewers, and editors by recognizing and supporting the need for continuing education in quantitative literacy.

scholarly journals Statistics in a Horticultural Journal: Problems and Solutions

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1073-1078
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Kramer ◽  
Ellen T. Paparozzi ◽  
Walter W. Stroup
Keyword(s):  
Error Control ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Graduate Training ◽  
Quantitative Literacy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Statistical Knowledge ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
American Society

We examined all articles in volume 139 and the first issue of volume 140 of the Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science (JASHS) for statistical problems. Slightly fewer than half appeared to have problems. This is consistent with what has been found for other biological journals. Problems ranged from inappropriate analyses and statistical procedures to insufficient (or complete lack of) information on how the analyses were performed. A common problem arose from taking many measurements from the same plant, which leads to correlated test results, ignored when declaring significance at P = 0.05 for each test. In this case, experiment-wise error control is lacking. We believe that many of these problems could and should have been caught in the writing or review process; i.e., identifying them did not require an extensive statistics background. This suggests that authors and reviewers have not absorbed nor kept current with many of the statistical basics needed for understanding their own data, for conducting proper statistical analyses, and for communicating their results. For a variety of reasons, graduate training in statistics for horticulture majors appears inadequate; we suggest that researchers in this field actively seek out opportunities to improve and update their statistical knowledge throughout their careers and engage a statistician as a collaborator early when unfamiliar methods are needed to design or analyze a research study. In addition, the ASHS, which publishes three journals, should assist authors, reviewers, and editors by recognizing and supporting the need for continuing education in quantitative literacy.

Study of mechanical properties of indium-based solder alloys for cryogenic applications

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhuri Chandrashekhar Deshpande ◽  
Rajesh Chaudhari ◽  
Ramesh Narayanan ◽  
Harishwar Kale
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solder Alloy ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Solder Alloys ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electron Microscope Analysis ◽  
American Society ◽  
Work Done

Purpose This study aims to develop indium-based solders for cryogenic applications. Design/methodology/approach This paper aims to investigate mechanical properties of indium-based solder formulations at room temperature (RT, 27 °C) as well as at cryogenic temperature (CT, −196 °C) and subsequently to find out their suitability for cryogenic applications. After developing these alloys, mechanical properties such as tensile and impact strength were measured as per American Society for Testing and Materials standards at RT and at CT. Charpy impact test results were used to find out ductile to brittle transition temperature (DBTT). These properties were also evaluated after thermal cycling (TC) to find out effect of thermal stress. Scanning electron microscope analysis was performed to understand fracture mechanism. Results indicate that amongst the solder alloys that have been studied in this work, In-34Bi solder alloy has the best all-round mechanical properties at RT, CT and after TC. Findings It can be concluded from the results of this work that In-34Bi solder alloy has best all-round mechanical properties at RT, CT and after TC and therefore is the most appropriate solder alloy amongst the alloys that have been studied in this work for cryogenic applications Originality/value DBTT of indium-based solder alloys has not been found out in the work done so far in this category. DBTT is necessary to decide safe working temperature range of the alloy. Also the effect of TC, which is one of the major reasons of failure, was not studied so far. These parameters are studied in this work.

scholarly journals Impact of Bimanual Vaginal Examination on Pap Smear Test Results

2017 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Esengül Türkyılmaz ◽  
Melahat Yıldırım ◽  
Raziye Desdicioğlu ◽  
Huban Sibel Orhun Yavuz ◽  
Ayşe Filiz Yavuz Avşar
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Vaginal Examination ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Bethesda System ◽  
American Society ◽  
Clinical Conditions

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of the study is to evaluate the possible effects of the various conditions especially bimanual examination on the adequacy of pap smear test.<br /><strong>Study Design:</strong> Presented here is a prospective controlled clinical trial carried out at Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital between November 2013 and March 2014. Total of 1771 patients seen at the gynecology outpatient clinic were included in the study. The technique described by the American Society of Cytopathology Criteria 2000 for the preparation of the specimen was followed. Updated Bethesda system 2014 was used for reporting the results.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Number of subjects in smear before examination group was 1194 and in the smear after examination group was 577. Two percent (n=36 subjects) of the cervicovaginal report was inadequate. When other clinical conditions were not taken into consideration, the likelihood ratio for inadequate smear in the smear after examination group was 2.64 compared to smear before examination group (p=0,004). <br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In some conditions cervicovaginal smear sampling may be carried out after bimanual vaginal examination instead of missing the chance to screen the women. However, the patients have to be informed that cervicovaginal smear result might be inadequate so that a repeat test has to be carried out.<br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Tentang Menstruasi Terhadap Kesiapan Psikologis Dalam Menghadapi Menarche Pada Remaja Putri Prapubertas Di SD Gugus V Mengwi

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Gusti Ayu Pramita Aswitami
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Class V ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Face

Background: Menarche is the first menstruation out in young women. Menarche occurs in young women who have entered the puberty phase. Often young women are not ready to face menarche, this is due to a lack of information about menstruation and preparations that must be done in the face of menstruation. With conditions that are not ready, young women often feel anxious and fearful, thus disrupting psychology and hindering daily activities. To prepare young women in the face of menarche, it is necessary to provide information correctly and right before teenage poetry enters puberty, the prepubertal period. This information can be provided through health education. through health education, young women are better prepared and not anxious and afraid when experiencing menarche. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of health education on menstruation on psychological readiness in the face of menarche in prepubertal adolescent girls in SD Gugus V Mengwi. Method: This research is a quasy-experimental study, the design of the research used is the Pre-test and Post-test One Group Design that is looking at the differences before and after the intervention. Samples taken were 79 class V students who had not experienced menarche at the SD Gugus V Mengwi V.The sampling technique is total sampling. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon Match Pairs Test. Results : this study indicate that there is an influence of health education about menstruation on psychological readiness in the face of menarche in prepubertal girls in the Gwi Cluster V Elementary School. Conclusion: It is suggested to young women to increase their knowledge, awareness, and concern for the health of their reproductive functions, especially in the face of menarche after being given health education about menarche so that good readiness can be achieved when facing menarche.

Multilaboratory Evaluation of Serum Analysis for HLA Antibody and Crossmatch Reactivity by Lymphocytotoxicity Methods

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
RenéJ. Duquesnoy ◽  
Marilyn Marrari
Keyword(s):  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Antibody Screening ◽  
Panel Reactive Antibody ◽  
Interlaboratory Variability ◽  
Serum Screening ◽  
Antibody Specificities ◽  
American Society ◽  
Reactive Antibody

Abstract Context.—This report presents results of the serum antibody analysis and crossmatch challenges in the proficiency testing program for histocompatibility testing jointly sponsored by the American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics and the College of American Pathologists. Objective.—To obtain information about consensus rates among participating laboratories that reported antibody screening and crossmatch results by direct complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity (CDC) and/or anti-human globulin (AHG)–augmentation methods. Design.—We analyzed responses from approximately 165 laboratories participating in 32 surveys during 1993–2000. Most of the testing was done by CDC methods, but increasing proportions of laboratories are using AHG augmentation of these techniques; almost one half of the serum screenings and crossmatches were done by AHG. Results.—A total of 40 serum specimens were screened to determine the percent panel-reactive antibody (PRA) and identify HLA-specific antibodies. Participants often reported very wide ranges of PRA values. Panel-reactive antibody ranges exceeded 60 percentage points for 16 (40%) of the serum screening results by CDC and for 31 (77%) of the results by AHG. The interlaboratory variability of PRA values suggests that in many laboratories, the CDC or AHG procedures were often too insensitive or overly sensitive. The antibody identification results revealed inconsistent patterns among the participants performing CDC or AHG screening. Most participants reported the same primary antibody specificities by both methods. The consensus levels were generally high for the monospecific sera. On the other hand, there was much less agreement among the participants if the sera reacted with 2 or more HLA antigens. Participants using the more sensitive AHG method reported additional antibody specificities in many specimens, but invariably the consensus levels were rather low. A total of 192 serum-cell combinations were used for the crossmatch challenges. There was considerable interlaboratory variability; 21% of the CDC crossmatches and 36% of AHG crossmatches failed to reach the 90% consensus threshold. Conclusions.—This experience demonstrates considerable inconsistencies in serum screening and crossmatching among laboratories participating in the American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics/College of American Pathologists surveys. A lack of uniformity in test results may limit the efficient application of these methods in a clinical setting. Standardization of crossmatch and antibody screening techniques is highly desirable.

Beyond the Affluent Society

2018 ◽  
pp. 77-94
Author(s):  
Romain D. Huret
Keyword(s):  
Western World ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Statistical Knowledge ◽  
Affluent Society ◽  
Political Project ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
American Society

This chapter describes the challenge of the myth of an affluent society in the 1950s and early 1960s. Social experts transformed a technical and statistical knowledge into a political project that reintegrated poor people into the American society. Their crusade reinvigorates the old belief in the Western World of putting an end to poverty.

Religion and the Modern American University, 1910-1928

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Kemeny
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Graduate Training ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
National Interests ◽  
American University ◽  
The Public ◽  
American Society ◽  
Mainline Protestantism ◽  
The University

Princeton, read a trustees’ report in January 1927, “has always recognized a dual obligation to its undergraduates.” One side of this commitment involved providing “a curriculum which will meet the needs of a modern university” and the other involved creating within students “those spiritual values which make for the building of character.” Wilson had reshaped Princeton into a modern university and had left as his legacy an unyielding commitment to serving national interests. Undergraduate education, graduate training, and a variety of impressive specialized research programs enabled the university to help meet the nation’s need for liberal, civic-minded leaders and the demand for science and practical technology. Wilson and his successors in early-twentieth-century Princeton continued to insist, like their nineteenth-century predecessors, that Protestantism was indispensable to the public good and that civic institutions, such as Princeton, served public interests when they sought to inculcate students with a nonsectarian Protestant faith. In this way, the university, they believed, helped mainline Protestantism play a unifying and integrative role in a nation of increasing cultural and religious diversity. By doing so, they reasoned, Princeton, like other private colleges and universities, would maintain its historic religious mission to advance the Christian character of American society. During the presidency of Wilson’s successor, John G. Hibben, controversies challenged the new configuration of Princeton’s Protestant and civic missions. These controversies, however, helped to strengthen the new ways in which the university attempted to fulfill its religious mission in the twentieth century. In liberal Protestantism, the university found a religion that was compatible with modern science and the public mission of the university. Those traditional evangelical convictions and practices that had survived Wilson’s presidency were disestablished during Hibben’s tenure. Fundamentalists’ criticisms of the university hastened this process in two ways. Sometimes fundamentalist attacks upon the university convinced the administration to adopt policies that guaranteed the displacement of traditional evangelical convictions and practices. This was the case, for example, when fundamentalists’ condemnations of the theological liberalism of the university’s Bible professor accelerated the administration’s approval of a policy of academic freedom.

Impact of Using iPad Tablets in a Construction Communication Graphics Class: Evaluation Based on System Usability Scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edelmiro F. Escamilla ◽  
Mohammadreza Ostadalimakhmalbaf ◽  
Fatemeh Pariafsai ◽  
Nikhil Ranka ◽  
Mohammadmehdi Danesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
System Usability Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Technology Tool

As the construction industry advances technologically, it becomes imperative to introduce the respective information technology tools to present-day curriculum. This research study was conducted to identify any significant differences in student performance contributed by using an information technology tool, specifically the Apple® iPad® tablet. IPad tablets were used to electronically present construction drawings to a treatment group, and a control group was given traditional paper drawings. Following an instructional lecture, students were given a test based on the provided construction drawings. The test results indicate that there was no significant difference in performance between students who used the information technology tool to complete the test and those who used traditional paper drawings to complete the same test. The treatment group also answered a usability survey, which helped to comprehend how students perceive the tablet’s usability. Students indicated that they would like to use the tool in the future.

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