Study of mechanical properties of indium-based solder alloys for cryogenic applications

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhuri Chandrashekhar Deshpande ◽  
Rajesh Chaudhari ◽  
Ramesh Narayanan ◽  
Harishwar Kale
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solder Alloy ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Solder Alloys ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electron Microscope Analysis ◽  
American Society ◽  
Work Done

Purpose This study aims to develop indium-based solders for cryogenic applications. Design/methodology/approach This paper aims to investigate mechanical properties of indium-based solder formulations at room temperature (RT, 27 °C) as well as at cryogenic temperature (CT, −196 °C) and subsequently to find out their suitability for cryogenic applications. After developing these alloys, mechanical properties such as tensile and impact strength were measured as per American Society for Testing and Materials standards at RT and at CT. Charpy impact test results were used to find out ductile to brittle transition temperature (DBTT). These properties were also evaluated after thermal cycling (TC) to find out effect of thermal stress. Scanning electron microscope analysis was performed to understand fracture mechanism. Results indicate that amongst the solder alloys that have been studied in this work, In-34Bi solder alloy has the best all-round mechanical properties at RT, CT and after TC. Findings It can be concluded from the results of this work that In-34Bi solder alloy has best all-round mechanical properties at RT, CT and after TC and therefore is the most appropriate solder alloy amongst the alloys that have been studied in this work for cryogenic applications Originality/value DBTT of indium-based solder alloys has not been found out in the work done so far in this category. DBTT is necessary to decide safe working temperature range of the alloy. Also the effect of TC, which is one of the major reasons of failure, was not studied so far. These parameters are studied in this work.

Charpy V notch tests – Risks associated with testing with 3 samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Michel Huther ◽  
Henri-Paul Lieurade
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Transition Curve ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Temperature Work ◽  
Work Done

To estimate the risk of brittle fracture of a component in service, Charpy tests are generally carried out on 3 samples at the same temperature. Work done over many years on welded joint fatigue using probability and statistics has shown that to have a good assessment of minimum strength, it is clearly necessary to have a larger number of test results. In order to analyse the risks associated with this practice of 3 samples tested at the same temperature, a series of 17 Charpy impact test results of samples of the same steel plate was chosen. From this series, by translation, 2 series were generated, one with a test of 3 specimens showing acceptable steel and one with a test of 3 specimens showing unacceptable steel. The 3-test method was applied to these series leading to a possible simulation of 12 tests each. It was found that the 3-test practice leads to a risk of error of 30 to 40%. It is also found that the determination of the transition curve of a DH36 steel finally shows that its temperature for a CV of 27 J is of the order of −50 °C whereas the regulations require only −20 °C. In conclusion, a possible improvement of the test procedure is indicated, which is the subject of a study within the framework of the “CCRS rupture and fatigue” working groups of the Société des Ingénieurs Soudeurs (SIS).

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK ENGINE MOUNTING PADA TEMPERATUR AUSTENISASI TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIS DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO

POROS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Garth Raditya ◽  
Erwin Siahaan ◽  
Abrar Riza
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Hardness Testing ◽  
Microstructure Observation

Engine mounting is one of the car component which is has optimize function to obtain thesystem in the car is extremely perfect. The engine mounting has to be have behavior ductile by strongestenough to support the car engine whether in rest and moving position. To obtain car engine mountingwhich has these function it has to be treated by treatment. The method was used by using Heat TreatmentSystem which we were Hardening and Tempering. Heat treatment of engine mounting is needed toanalyze the microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon steel used. Tests carried out attemperatures of 800oC, 850oC, 900oC and normal conditions without heat treatment. Then continued withimpact charpy testing, vickers hardness testing, microstructure observation using microscope and SEM.The tests are carried out in accordance with ASTM E23, ASTM E92, ASTM A370 standards. The Vickerstest results provide the lowest HV value of 118.7Hv at 900oC, while the normal condition is at 137.409Hv.The charpy impact test results give the lowest value of 0.06 j / mm2 under normal conditions, while at900oC at 0.0962 j / mm2. The results with microscopy and SEM, the greater the temperature given to heattreatment, the less pearlite will be, while the amount of ferrite and austenite increases which makes theengine mounting more toughness.

Influence of Honeycomb Core Compression on the Mechanical Properties of the Sandwich Structure

2013 ◽  
Vol 486 ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
Ladislav Fojtl ◽  
Soňa Rusnáková ◽  
Milan Žaludek
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Honeycomb Core ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Core Technology

This research paper deals with an investigation of the influence of honeycomb core compression on the mechanical properties of sandwich structures. These structures consist of prepreg facing layers and two different material types of honeycomb and are produced by modified compression molding called Crush-Core technology. Produced structures are mechanically tested in three-point bending test and subjected to low-velocity impact and Charpy impact test.

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of LR Grade a Thick Plate Welded by Double Side Gas Metal Arc Welding

2016 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
Yustiasih Purwaningrum ◽  
Triyono ◽  
Tegar Rileh Argihono ◽  
Ryan Sutrisno
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Weld Metals ◽  
Metal Arc Welding

Mechanical and microstructure of double side weld with various angle groove was studied in this research. LR Gr A steel plates (12 mm thickness) were welded using GMAW with corresponding 180 A, 23 V, and 20 l/min respectively with current, voltage, and gas flow. Shielding gas and filler metals used are argon and ER 70S-6. The angle groove that used were 20⁰, 40⁰ and 60⁰. The measured of mechanical properties with regard to hardness, toughness and strength using, Vickers hardness test, Charpy impact test and tensile test respectively The microstructure examined with optical microscope. The results show that the highest hardness values found in welds with groove angle 40ͦ. The transition temperatures of weld metals are at temperatures between -20°C to 0°C. Weld metals with all variations of the groove angle has a value of less than 0.1 mmpy. Microstructure of base metals and HAZ were ferrite and pearlite. While the microstructure of weld metals are accicular ferrite, grain boundary ferrite and Widmanstatten ferrite.

Fuzzy logic approach for investigation of microstructure and mechanical properties of Sn96.5-Ag3.0-Cu0.5 lead free solder alloy

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aamir ◽  
Izhar Izhar ◽  
Muhammad Waqas ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Imran Hanif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Solder Alloy ◽  
Thermal Aging ◽  
Fuzzy Rule ◽  
Rule Base ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Approach ◽  
Free Solder

Purpose This paper aims to develop a fuzzy logic-based algorithm to predict the intermetallic compound (IMC) size and mechanical properties of soldering material, Sn96.5-Ag3.0-Cu0.5 (SAC305) alloy, at different levels of temperature. The reliability of solder joint in materials selection is critical in terms of temperature, mechanical properties and environmental aspects. Owing to a wide range of soldering materials available, the selection space finds a fuzzy characteristic. Design/methodology/approach The developed algorithm takes thermal aging temperature for SAC305 alloy as input and converts it into fuzzy domain. These fuzzified values are then subjected to a fuzzy rule base, where a set of rules determines the IMC size and mechanical properties, such as yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of SAC305 alloy. The algorithm is successfully simulated for various input thermal aging temperatures. To analyze and validate the developed algorithm, an SAC305 lead (Pb)-free solder alloy is developed and thermally aged at 40, 60 and 100°C temperature. Findings The experimental results indicate an average IMCs size of 5.967 (in Pixels), 19.850 N/mm2 YS and 22.740 N/mm2 UTS for SAC305 alloy when thermally aged at an elevated temperature of 140°C. In comparison, the simulation results predicted 5.895 (in Pixels) average IMCs size, 19.875 N/mm2 YS and 22.480 N/mm2 UTS for SAC305 alloy at 140°C thermally aged temperature. Originality/value From the experimental and simulated results, it is evident that the fuzzy-based developed algorithm can be used effectively to predict the IMCs size and mechanical properties of SAC305 at various aging temperatures, for the first time.

Effect of Sb additions on the creep behaviour of low temperature lead-free Sn–8Zn–3Bi solder alloy

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Ren ◽  
Maurice Collins
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Solder Alloy ◽  
Creep Behaviour ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Secondary Creep ◽  
Lead Free Solder ◽  
Solder Alloys ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Free Solder

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the creep behaviour of the recently developed Sn–8Zn–3Bi–xSb (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) low temperature lead-free solder alloys. Design/methodology/approach An in-house compressive test rig was developed to perform creep tests under stresses of 20–40 MPa and temperature range 25°C–75 °C. Dorn power law and Garofalo hyperbolic sine law were used to model the secondary creep rate. Findings High coefficient of determination R2 of 0.99 is achieved for both the models. It was found that the activation energy of Sn–8Zn–3Bi solder alloy can be significantly increased with addition of Sb, by 60% to 90 kJ/mol approximately, whereas the secondary creep exponent falls in the range 3–7. Improved creep resistance is attributed to solid solution strengthening introduced by micro-alloying. Creep mechanisms that govern the deformation of these newly developed lead-free solder alloys have also been proposed. Originality/value The findings are expected to fill the gap of knowledge on creep behaviour of these newly developed solder alloys, which are possible alternatives as lead-free interconnecting material in low temperature electronic assembly.

scholarly journals Effect of Kenaf Alkalization Treatment on Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy/Silica/Kenaf Composite

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Che Nor Aiza Jaafar ◽  
Muhammad Asyraf Muhammad Rizal ◽  
Ismail Zainol
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Kenaf Fiber

The mechanical performance of silica modified epoxy at various concentration of sodium hydroxide for surface treatment of multi-axial kenaf has been analyzed. Epoxy resin with amine hardener was modified with silica powder at 20 phr and toughened by treated kenaf fiber that immerses in various concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ranging from 0% to 9% of weight. The composite was analyzed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to ensure complete curing process. The mechanical properties of the composites were analyzed through flexural test, Charpy impact test and DSC to ensure the complete curing process. DSC analysis results show epoxy sample was completely cured at above 73°C that verifies the curing temperature for preparation for the composite. Hence, 3% NaOH treated composite exhibits the best mechanical properties, with 10.6 kJ/m2 of impact strength, 54.1 MPa of flexural strength and 3.5 GPa of flexural modulus. It is due to the improvement of fiber-matrix compatibility. Analysis by SEM also revealed that a cleaner surface of kenaf fiber treated at 3% NaOH shown cleaner surface, thus, in turn, improve surface interaction between fiber and matrix of the composite. The composites produced in this work has high potential to be used in automotive and domestics appliances.

The Effect of the Compression on the Mechanical Properties of Wood Material

2007 ◽  
Vol 537-538 ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Kuzsella ◽  
Imre Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Wood Material ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Process ◽  
New Applications

The wood is one of the most favourable structural material. It appears on all fields of the ordinary life. It is difficult to say an application where the wood is not used due to its cheap price, availability and just simply the beauty. Beside of the wide range of process technologies a new process appeared. This process changes the properties of the material and brings many new applications to this traditional material. This process is the compression of the structural wood material. This publication deals with the effect of the compression on the mechanical properties of two hardwoods (beech: fagus sylvatica, oak: quercus) by the help of the three-point bending test and the Charpy impact test.

EFFECT OF BORON ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HOT-ROLLED Nb-ADDED HSLA H-SECTION STEEL

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 1885-1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZUOCHENG WANG ◽  
GUOTAO CUI ◽  
TAO SUN ◽  
WEIMIN GUO ◽  
XIULING ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Boron Addition ◽  
Low Temperature Impact Toughness ◽  
The Impact

In our research, boron was added into the Nb -added high strength low alloy (HSLA) H -section steels. The contents of boron added were 4ppm, 8ppm and 11ppm, respectively. The mechanical properties of H -section steels with/without boron were examined by using uniaxial tensile test and Charpy impact test ( V -notch). The morphologies of the microstructure and the fracture surfaces of the impact specimens were observed by metalloscope, stereomicroscope and electron probe. The experimental results indicate that boron gives a significant increase in impact toughness, especially in low temperature impact toughness, though it leads to an unremarkable increase in strength and plasticity. For instance, the absorbed energy at -40°C reaches up to 126J from 15J by 8ppm boron addition, and the ductile-brittle transition temperature declines by 20°C. It is shown that boron has a beneficial effect on grain refinement. The fracture mechanism is transited from cleavage fracture to dimple fracture due to boron addition.

Stainless Steels Sintered Form the Mixture of Prealloyed Stainless Steel and Alloying Element Powders

2011 ◽  
Vol 672 ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Brytan ◽  
Marco Actis Grande ◽  
Mario Rosso ◽  
Róbert Bidulský ◽  
L.A. Dobrzański
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steels ◽  
Vacuum Furnace ◽  
Slow Cooling ◽  
Rapid Cooling ◽  
Plastic Properties

The aim of the presented paper is to describe the sintered duplex stainless steels manufactured in sinter-hardening process and their structural and mechanical properties. Duplex stainless steels were obtained through powder metallurgy starting from austenitic 316L or ferritic 410L prealloyed base powders by controlled addition of alloying elements powder. Prepared mixes were compacted at 700MPa and sintered in a vacuum furnace with argon backfilling at temperature of 1240°C for 1h. After sintering different cooling cycles were applied: rapid cooling (6°C/s) using nitrogen under pressure and slow cooling (0.1°C/s) with furnace in argon atmosphere. Produced sintered duplex stainless steels were studied by scanning and optical microscopy and EDS chemical analysis of microstructure components as well as X-ray analysis. Mechanical properties were studied through tensile and three-point bending tests and Charpy impact test. It was demonstrated that austenitic-ferritic microstructures with regular arrangement of both phases and absence of precipitates can be obtained with properly designed powder mix composition as well as sintering cycle with rapid cooling rate. Produced sintered duplex steels show good mechanical properties which depend on austenite/ferrite ratio in the microstructure and elements partitioning (Cr/Ni) between phases. The optimal mechanical properties were obtained for compositions based on ferritic 410L powder where the balanced distribution of α and γ is present and the tensile strength can reach value about 500MPa with 16% of elongation and impact energy about 120J. The precipitations of hard intermetallic σ-FeCr phase take place when sintering with slow cooling cycle what cause substantial decrease of plastic properties, including reduce of elongation to 7% and in particular decrease of impact energy to 68 J.

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