scholarly journals Effect of Irrigation Water pH on the Performance of Healthy and Huanglongbing-affected Citrus

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 318-327
Author(s):  
Lushan Ghimire ◽  
Davie Kadyampakeni ◽  
Tripti Vashisth
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Leaf Drop ◽  
Water Ph

Huanglongbing [HLB (Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus)] is one of the most devastating diseases in citrus (Citrus sp.). Field observations in Florida have shown that citrus groves with high soil and irrigation water pH decline rapidly under HLB-prevalent conditions. It is worth noting that irrigation water pH has always been high in Florida; however, neither tree decline nor low productivity under such conditions has been an issue for citrus before HLB. Therefore, there is a need to determine if HLB increases citrus tree sensitivity to high-pH irrigation water. The objective of this research was to evaluate the molecular and physiological responses of healthy and HLB-affected citrus trees irrigated with water at pH levels of 5.8, 7.0, and 8.0. The results demonstrated that soil pH is positively correlated with irrigation water pH. Overall, regardless of disease occurrence, tree performance decreased as pH increased. HLB-affected trees at pH 8.0 had the greatest mortality (40%) and leaf drop (87%) and the lowest height growth (<1%) and leaf biomass (0.1 g). In contrast, HLB-affected trees at pH 5.8 had the lowest mortality (0%) and leaf drop (16%) and the greatest height growth (6.6%) and leaf biomass (5.5 g). Growth and survival data indicate that high pH had a less negative impact on healthy trees than HLB-affected trees, and that HLB symptoms were exacerbated at pH 8.0 compared with pH 5.8. A transcriptomic analysis of root tissue conducted at the end of the experiment further suggested that HLB-affected trees at pH 5.8 were actively detoxing stress-induced radicals and had increased growth and developmental processes with the downregulation of jasmonic acid biosynthesis compared with healthy trees. This implies that at pH 5.8, HLB-affected trees were under less stress than healthy trees. Compared with healthy trees, HLB-affected trees at pH 8.0 resulted in upregulated immune system processes, defense responses, and cell death; no processes were significantly downregulated in HLB-affected trees compared with healthy trees at pH 8.0. Physiological and molecular observations suggest an interaction between HLB and irrigation water pH whereby HLB symptoms are exacerbated in response to high irrigation water pH.

Effect of irrigation water pH on the agronomic development of hops in protected cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 253 ◽  
pp. 106924
Author(s):  
João de Jesus Guimarães ◽  
Francielly Guieiro Gomes de Sousa ◽  
Rodrigo Máximo Sánchez Román ◽  
Alexandre Dal Pai ◽  
Sérgio Augusto Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Water Ph

scholarly journals New technique for preparing and reusing agricultural drainage water safely in irrigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Ashour ◽  
Tawab E. Aly ◽  
Ahmed E. Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Agricultural Drainage ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Agricultural Drainage Water ◽  
Severe Shortage ◽  
Great Harm

AbstractNot so long ago, due to the great shortage of irrigation water, Egypt on the national level, began to mix (in a certain percentage) raw agricultural drainage water with fresh irrigation water. This mix was for enhancing its quality to be compatible with the proper specifications and standards of irrigation water, for using it safely in the irrigation process, to compensate for the severe shortage of available quantities of irrigation water. In some regions, and local farms, to save their crops farmers were forced to use the drainage water available in the nearby area drains for irrigation due to the problem of insufficient water in the distributary canals. Such use of raw drainage water can cause great harm and has a negative impact on the environment generally, especially on aquatic and agricultural life. Therefore, in this study we aim to introduce an efficient, simple, cheap mobile treatment unit. This new introduced treatment unit can be used locally on farms to solve the problem of insufficient quantities of irrigation water, and also in some cases where the irrigation water, for various reasons, does not reach the ends of some irrigation canals thus causing a serious problem for farmers. The new introduced treatment unit, using some environmentally friendly cheap materials in certain tested quantities and doses, through three designed cylindrical filtration containers connected with each other respectively, succeeded in converting raw contaminated drainage agricultural water into safe water that can be safely and directly used in the irrigation process.

Boreal forest provenance tests used to predict optimal growth and response to climate change: 2. Black spruce

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley M. Thomson ◽  
Claire L. Riddell ◽  
William H. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Survival Data ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

Height, diameter, and survival data were obtained from 20 range-wide black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) provenance trials established from 1973 to 1977. Population response functions based on February minimum temperatures were developed for 23 Ontario and Great Lakes states provenances to predict climate values maximizing height growth for individual seed sources. Site transfer functions based on February maximum temperatures and May maximum temperatures were developed for five test sites to predict climate values maximizing height growth for test locations. Contour lines representing optimal performance were fitted to current (1961–1990) and future (2041–2070) climate grids. For black spruce seed sources from the east of Lake Superior and Lake Huron, optimal height growth was achieved between 45° and 47°N; for the western sources optimal performance moved north between 46° and 48°N. In eastern Ontario, height growth of northern sources may increase with transfer to warmer environments and with future temperature increases. Central sources are currently growing at or close to optimum and will be negatively affected by increased future temperatures. Southern sources may currently benefit from transfer to cooler environments, and the effects of global warming may cause significant height growth loss and the potential extirpation of local populations.

Growth and Survival of Eastern Cottonwood in Kentucky

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Stringer ◽  
L. Shain ◽  
R. F. Wittwer
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Eastern Cottonwood ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Stem Cankers ◽  
Geographic Sources ◽  
Superior Clones

Abstract Nine clones of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) from different geographic sources were grown on two sites for height growth and survival percentage after 5 to 10 years. Several clones ranked as superior in Mississippi also performed well during the first 5 years of growthin Kentucky. The survival and diameter growth of some of these "superior" clones, however, was significantly less than others at 10 years. These same clones also exhibited low crown vigor and an abundance of stem cankers associated largely with Fusarium solani. Early growth induces must thereforebe used cautiously for determining long-term planting schedules. South. J. Appl. For. 11(2):73-76.

scholarly journals Modelling the Effect of Microsite Influences on the Growth and Survival of Juvenile Eucalyptus globoidea (Blakely) and Eucalyptus bosistoana (F. Muell) in New Zealand

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 857
Author(s):  
Salekin ◽  
Mason ◽  
Morgenroth ◽  
Bloomberg ◽  
Meason
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Wind Exposure ◽  
Plantation Yield ◽  
Survival Proportion

The effect of microsite on juvenile forest plantation yield is rarely explored. This is because juvenile plantation growth is considered to be reasonably homogenous due to a lack of resource competition between trees prior to canopy closure. However, models of juvenile plantation height growth and survival that are sensitive to microsite variation could aid decisions relating to site preparation, plantation establishment and early silvicultural treatments. In this study, juvenile Eucalyptus bosistoana and E. globoidea height growth and survival proportion were modelled against topographic and environmental microsite characteristics as independent variables. The experiment included three different sites situated in a sub-humid region of New Zealand. A total of 540 plots were planted with 18,540 trees in regular rows and columns. Micro-topographical variables significantly influenced height growth and survival proportion of both E. bosistoana and E. globoidea, but species differed in their responses. More sheltered microsites yielded greater height growth and survival for both species. The height of both species was influenced by wind exposure, morphometric protection, and distance from the nearest ridge. E. bosistoana height was also influenced by topographic position and surface plan curvature. Survival was affected by surface profile curvature for both species, while E. globoidea survival was also impacted by surface plan curvature and distance from the top ridge. This study identified microsite factors influencing juvenile height and survival of two Eucalyptus species.

P1810 Impact of pulmonary hypertension on survival in patients with degenerative aortic stenosis, prospective clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Mercea ◽  
R Ianos ◽  
C Pop ◽  
D Pop ◽  
D Zdrenghea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Severe Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Logrank Test ◽  
Pulmonary Pressure

Abstract Introduction Aortic stenosis has become the most common degenerative valvular heart disease, due to aging of the population. It represents 43% of degenerative valvular disease. Methods We prospectively followed 196 patients with degenerative aortic stenosis, for a period of 6 years. Of these, 106 had mild aortic stenosis, 28 had moderate aortic stenosis and 62 patients had severe aortic stenosis. Of the 196 patients, 54 had mild pulmonary hypertension (PH), 22 had moderate PH and 7 had severe PH. The survival data were estimated by the Kaplan - Meier method and the logrank test. The Cox proportional- hazards regression was performed to assess the differences between the groups. Results During the follow-up period, of a total of 196 patients, 61 patients died. We studied if the presence of PH has an influence on survival in patients with aortic stenosis and we found out that the patients who had PH had reduced survival rates, compared with those who hadn"t. The survival rate at 5 years was lower in the group with mild PH compared with the group with normal pulmonary pressure ( p = 0.045, HR 1.84, 95%CI 1.01-3.36). In the group with mild PH, 20 patients (37.03%) died at 5 years, compared with 23 in the group without PH (20.35%). The survival rate at 5 years was also lower in the group with moderate PH compared with the group with normal pulmonary pressure ( p = 0.001, HR 5.82, 95% CI 3.02-11.22). At 5 years, 15 patients with moderate PH died ( 68.18% compared with 20.35 in the group without PH). Comparing the group with severe PH with the group with normal pulmonary pressure the results showed a reduced survival rate in those with severe pulmonary hypertension ( p = 0.139, HR 2.48, 95% CI 0.74-8.27). At 5 years, 3 patients with severe PH died (42.85% compared with 20.35 in the group without PH). Conclusion The presence of PH in patients with degenerative aortic stenosis has a negative impact on survival, highly statistically significant (p &lt;0.001, HR 1.03, 95% CI, 1.02-1.04). Given these findings, perhaps an increased attention should be paid to the treatment of the patients with PH compared to those without PH.

Artificial Regeneration of Baldcypress in a Louisiana Crayfish Pond

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Conner ◽  
John R. Toliver ◽  
George R. Askew
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Taxodium Distichum ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Containerized Seedlings ◽  
Bareroot Seedlings ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Baldcypress (Taxodium distichum [L.] Rich.) seedlings were planted in a Louisiana crayfish pond to evaluate the effect of planting date on growth and survival. Storage techniques also were evaluated against containerized seedlings to determine the best method of holding seedlings fordelayed plantings. Seedlings planted in February had better survival and grew better than seedlings planted in July. Cold storage of bareroot seedlings was superior to tub storage or containerization for both survival and height growth. Planting baldcypress seedlings in crayfish ponds representsa viable multiple-use alternative for aquaculture operations. South. J. Appl. For. 17(1):54-57.

Development, Growth, and Survival of Lepeophtheirus Salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Johnson ◽  
L. J. Albright
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Lepeophtheirus Salmonis ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Copepodid Stage ◽  
The Mean

Development, growth, and survival data derived from laboratory experiments are provided for Lepeophtheirus salmonis, a common ectoparasite of wild and sea-farmed salmonids. The mean development time of eggs was 419·1 hours (17·5 days) at 5°C, 207·1 hours (8·6 days) at 10°C, and 130·8 hours (5·5 days) at 15°C. Development from the first nauplius to the infectious copepodid stage took 222·3 hours (9·3 days) at 5°C, 87·4 hours (3·6 days) at 10°C, and 44·8 (1·9 days) hours at 15°C. Development from the egg to the adult male took 40 days, and from the egg to the adult female 52 days at 10°C. No egg development occurred at 10‰ salinity. At 15‰ eggs developed but failed to produce active nauplii. At higher salinities (20–3‰) active nauplii were produced, but copepodids were only obtained at 30‰. Copepodids survived for less than 1 day in waters with a salinity of 10‰ or less. At higher salinities (15–30‰) and temperatures of 5,10, and 15°C average survival times ranged between 2 and 8 days.

Recruitment of tall arborescent palms in the Yasuní National Park, Amazonian Ecuador: are large treefall gaps important?

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-C. Svenning
Keyword(s):  
Common Species ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Treefall Gaps ◽  
Yasuni National Park ◽  
Light Requirements ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Amazonian Ecuador ◽  
Using Data

An evaluation of whether large arborescent palms depend on large treefall gaps for recruitment to the adult stage is reported. Specifically three hypotheses were tested: (1) The light requirement of juveniles of tall arborescent palms increases as they grow in size. (2) Tall arborescent palms depend on gaps over 0.10 ha for growth and survival to maturity, due to high light requirements during the stem height growth phase. (3) Stilt-rooted palms are not dependent on gaps for juvenile height growth. The hypotheses were evaluated using data on size and crown position of individuals of tall arborescent palm species as well as data on the forest-phase in which each individual grew. The study site was a 50-ha plot in old-growth rain forest in Amazonian Ecuador. The first hypothesis was accepted for the two most common species, Iriartea deltoidea and Oenocarpus bataua, but tentatively rejected for the arborescent palm community as a whole. The second hypothesis was rejected for Iriartea and the community as a whole. Only Oenocarpus had strongly gap-dependent recruitment. The results for Iriartea and Oenocarpus were consistent with the third hypothesis.

Effects of sowing time and container type on height growth and survival of seedlings of Eucalyptusregnans

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-483
Author(s):  
J. D. Kellas ◽  
J. G. Edgar
Keyword(s):  
Height Growth ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Container Type ◽  
Survival Of Seedlings

The height growth and survival of E. regnans F. Muell. seedlings raised in six container types following sowings made at six different times were studied in the nursery and 14 months after outplanting. Seedling height growth during the nursery stage was directly related to container volume and was modified by cold hardening of stems and leaves. Time of sowing influenced survival of outplanted seedlings; however, percentage survival generally satisfied the minimum standard of 1000 trees/ha. The seedlings raised in Jiffy pot 522 (33 mL) were significantly smaller than seedlings raised in Paperpot FH415S (170 mL), Jiffypot 515 (61 mL), Styroblock 2 (40 mL), and Styroblock 8 (125 mL). Container types Paperpot FH415S and Styroblock 8 produced seedlings suitable for present prescriptions of 25–30 cm as required by the Forest Commission in Victoria. However, growth and survival, although variable, were satisfactory for most container types when sown throughout the summer for late winter outplanting.

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