scholarly journals Possibilities of specific immunological tests in patients with TB/HIV coinfection

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
L. N. Motanova ◽  
M. S. Grabovskaya ◽  
I. V. Folts
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Recombinant Allergen ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Immunological Tests ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Tuberculosis Disease ◽  
Intensity Of Response

The objective of the study: to study the possibilities of skin tests with tuberculosis recombinant allergen (TRA) in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients in the region with a high prevalence of tuberculosis.Subjects and Methods. Medical files of 85 patients were retrospectively analyzed, all the patients suffered from TB/HIV coinfection and underwent the skin test with TRA.Results. The skin test with TRA was found to be significantly valuable for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in patients with TB/HIV coinfection. The correlation between the intensity of response to the TRA test and CD4+ count was detected (p = 0.011). The lowest values were observed for CD4+ counts below 100 cells/μL. The direct correlation between the intensity of response to TRA and the stage of HIV infection was proved. No effect of the form of tuberculosis, the phase of the tuberculosis disease, or drug sensitivity on the intensity of response to TRA was found. Among tuberculosis patients with bacterial excretion (n = 48), 68.8% of patients responded positively to the TRA test, and in those with no bacterial excretion, the positive reaction was observed in 81.1%.

scholarly journals The skin test with tuberculous recombinant allergen AT successful treated patients with lung tuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
G S Balasanyants ◽  
N V Skotnikova ◽  
V V Dantsev
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Recombinant Allergen ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Group 13 ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Lung Tuberculosis ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
The Moment

38 patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis, immediately after the end of the main course of treatment, when they were transferred to the third group of dispensary supervision (6-9 months) and when they were removed from the dispensary supervision (2-3 years later), a skin test with an allergen tuberculous recombinant was made. The positive skin test with tuberculosis recombinant allergen was defined at 20 patients - 13 mm. At the moment of removing to the III group only one skin test with tuberculosis allergen recombinant became negative, 19 (94,5%) patients had positive reactions - 13±2,3 mm. At the time of discharging from dispensary the positive reactions were determined at 16 (80%) cases - 10±2,3 mm, p0,05. In this group, 13 (65%) patients had normergic skin tests with tuberculosis allergen recombinant and 7 (35%) - hyperergic tests. At the time of removing to the III group at five from seven patients with hyperergic tests the results remained the same, median and at the moment of discharging from tuberculosis service only one patient had the hyperergic skin test with tuberculosis allergen recombinant - 18mm. Among patients with normergic skin tests with tuberculosis allergen recombinant at the time of group III removing median was 11±2,1 mm. At the last dynamic control the normergic results were determined at 15 (75%) patients and the tests median remained almost unchanged - 10±1,8 mm, the differences are reliable compared to the initial data (p0,05). In group which included 18 patients with negative skin tests with tuberculous allergen recombinant, the skin response stayed negative throughout all examination period except for one patient so patients of this group had not only clinical, radiological and bacteriological, but immunological signs of involution of the tuberculosis process. The study of the influence of clinical, epidemic and social factors to skin reaction showed that first group patients were significantly more likely to be unemployed (30% versus 5,5%; p0,05) whereas in second group married patients were reliably registered (61,1% versus 25%; p0,05). Other factors differed unreliably.

Tuberculin Skin Tests Among Medical Students With Prior Bacille-Calmette Guérin Vaccination in a Setting With a High Prevalence of Tuberculosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 705-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thana Khawcharoenporn ◽  
Anucha Apisarnthanarak ◽  
Kanokporn Thongphubeth ◽  
Chananart Yuekyen ◽  
Linda M. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Test Reaction ◽  
Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Test Reactions ◽  
Skin Test Reaction ◽  
Booster Effect

Presence of a bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination scar in medical students was an independent factor associated with initial tuberculin skin test reactions of 10–19 mm (P = .03) and booster effects of 6–9 mm (P = .02). These findings suggest that an initial tuberculin skin test reaction of at least 20 mm or a booster effect of at least 10 mm will reveal tuberculosis among students with prior bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination.

scholarly journals Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Tropomyosin, a Major Allergen of Chironomus kiiensis, a Dominant Species of Nonbiting Midges in Korea

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung Yong Jeong ◽  
Hye-Yung Yum ◽  
In-Yong Lee ◽  
Han-Il Ree ◽  
Chein-Soo Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Molecular Cloning ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Amino Acid Level ◽  
Major Allergen ◽  
House Dust Mites ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Recombinant Allergen ◽  
Human Sera

ABSTRACT Chironomids are widely and abundantly distributed in the vicinity of standing waters. Larvae of Chironomus and some other genera are known to contain hemoglobins, which have been described as a major allergen, and the adults that have no hemoglobins also have been reported to contain allergens. In this study, we tried to establish the role of chironomid allergy and characterize the allergen of Chironomus kiiensis adults. Skin tests using C. kiiensis adult extracts were performed on patients with allergic symptoms. A cDNA library of C. kiiensis adults was screened with C. kiiensis immune mouse sera to identify allergens, and results were confirmed using skin test-positive human sera. Recombinant allergen was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography using nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid agarose to investigate its allergenic properties. Out of 275 allergic patients 14.2% showed a positive reaction to C. kiiensis adult crude extracts in the skin test. The tropomyosin was cloned by immunoscreening and expressed in Escherichia coli. C. kiiensis tropomyosin has a high homology at the amino acid level with tropomyosins which were previously known to be allergens in various arthropods (Periplaneta americana, 86.3%; Panulirus stimpson, 78.9%; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, 76.5%). Specific immunoglobulin E antibodies reacting to recombinant tropomyosin were detected in 17 (81%) of 21 patients whose skin test results were positive. Cross-reactivity against house dust mites and other insects was noticed with mouse anti-recombinant tropomyosin immune serum. C. kiiensis adults were shown to be an important source of inhalant allergens in Korea. Molecular cloning of C. kiiensis tropomyosin was performed and IgE reactivity was demonstrated using skin test-positive human sera. Recombinant tropomyosin will be useful for further studies or clinical applications.

scholarly journals High prevalence of human papillomavirus and European variants of HPV 16 infecting concomitantly to cervix and oral cavity in HIV positive women

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e0227900
Author(s):  
Milagros Pérez-Quintanilla ◽  
Rocío Méndez-Martínez ◽  
Salvador Vázquez-Vega ◽  
Raquel Espinosa-Romero ◽  
Rita Sotelo-Regil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
High Prevalence

High Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risk Factors Among HIV-Positive Individuals in Yunnan, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Tu ◽  
Yu-Ye Li ◽  
Yi-Qun Kuang ◽  
Rong-Hui Xie ◽  
Xing-Qi Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Yunnan has the highest rates of HIV in the country. Other treatable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are associated with accelerated HIV transmission and poor ART outcomes, but are only diagnosed by syndromic algorithms. Methods We recruited 406 HIV-positive participants for a cross-sectional study (204 ART-naive and 202 ART). Blood samples and first-voided urine samples were collected. Real-time polymerase chain reaction methods were used for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG). Syphilis and HSV-2 tests were also performed. Results Among 406 participants, the overall prevalence of STI was 47.0% and 45.1% in ART-naive individuals and 49.0% in ART individuals, respectively. Testing frequency was 11.6% (11.8% vs 11.4%), 33.2% (29.4% vs 37.1%), 3.2% (3.4% vs 3.0%), 2.0% (3.4% vs 0.5%) and 4.7% (6.4% vs 3.0%) for active syphilis, HSV-2, chlamydia, gonorrhoeae and genitalium. Percentage of multiple infections in both groups was 10.8% (22/204) in ART-naive participants and 9.9% (20/202) in ART participants. Females, age between 18 to 35 years, ever injected drugs, homosexual or bisexual, HIV/HBV coinfection, and not receiving ART were identified as risk factors. Self-reported asymptom was not eliminating of having a laboratory-diagnosed STI. Conclusions STI prevalence was 47.0% (45.1% vs 49.0%), HSV-2, syphilis and MG were the most common STIs in HIV-infected individuals. We found high prevalence (6.4%) of Mycoplasma genitalium in ART-naive individuals. ART can reduce the diversity of STI-HIV coinfection but not the prevalence. HIV-positive individuals tend to neglect or maybe hide their genital tract discomfort, thus we suggest strengthening STI joint screening and treatment services among HIV-infected individuals whether they describe genital tract discomfort or not.

Penicillin Hypersensitivity

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 132-158
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Positive Skin Test ◽  
Penicillin Allergy ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Positive History ◽  
History Of

A (massive) multicenter study of 3,000 patients has demonstrated that skin tests to penicillin G and penicilloyl-polylysine (PPL-now commercially available) predict and confirm penicillin allergy. Of patients with a history of penicillin reaction, 19% were positive to either, compared to 7% of controls. A history of anaphylaxis led to 46% positive. Of those with a history of urticaria 17% were positive, and those with maculopapular eruptions did not differ from controls (7% positive). Challenge with penicillin led to a reaction in 6% with a positive history (compared to 2% with a negative) and 67% with a combined positive history and positive skin test (to either).

Controversial Techniques in Allergy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-937
Author(s):  
GAIL G. SHAPIRO ◽  
JOHN A. ANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Sensitive Test ◽  
Financial Gain ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
Allergy Skin Testing

Ten years ago a commentary appeared in Pediatrics entitled "Allergy Skin Testing: Science or Quackery?"1 This statement was a rejoinder to a commentary in Pediatrics in 19752 that included allergy skin testing in a list of laboratory procedures that are abused for financial gain. The gist of the reply was that allergy skin tests themselves were not the problem because they were valid bioassays for IgE antibody to specific antigens. Abuse and quackery set in when numerous, indiscriminately chosen skin tests were performed instead of an appropriate history, physical examination, and carefully selected tests based on that evaluation. The allergy skin test was at that time and remains today the most sensitive test for specific allergic antibody in the skin, its presence there reflecting its presence in the blood and respiratory tract.

scholarly journals Aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss in HIV-positive and HIV-negative multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tashneem Harris ◽  
Soraya Bardien ◽  
H Simon Schaaf ◽  
Lucretia Petersen ◽  
Greetje De Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Hiv Negative

Gender-Based Violence Among HIV-Positive Women in Kazakhstan: Prevalence, Types, and Associated Risk and Protective Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 1570-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Jiwatram-Negrón ◽  
Nabila El-Bassel ◽  
Sholpan Primbetova ◽  
Assel Terlikbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Partner Gender

This article examines the prevalence and associated multilevel risk and protective factors of intimate and nonintimate partner violence among a sample of 249 HIV-positive women in Kazakhstan. We found high prevalence of both lifetime intimate partner violence (52%) and nonintimate partner violence (30%). Together, nearly 60% experienced at least one incident of violence by either an intimate or nonintimate partner (gender-based violence [GBV]). In the multivariate analyses, we found associations between several individual, interpersonal, and socio-structural risk factors and GBV. Findings provide direction for practice, policy, and future research to address the intersection of GBV and HIV in Kazakhstan.

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