scholarly journals On Epistemology in Archaeology: Critique of the Text “Archaeological excavation from Epistemological Perspective” by Marko Porčić

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Predrag Novaković
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Complete Neglect ◽  
Epistemological Model ◽  
Epistemological Analysis ◽  
The Ideal

The paper is the reaction to the contribution by Marko Porčić in this volume of Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology, presenting his views on the epistemological character and status of excavation in the archaeological process of knowledge acquisition. Here it is argued that the analysis of Porčić is simplified, non-consequential and founded upon the outdated concepts of epistemological analysis of science, which takes into account only the internal disciplinary epistemology and sharply divides theory from practice, thus considerably lowering the potential for research of archaeological epistemology. Discussing a research field, especially a humanistic one such as archaeology, exclusively in the light of its own categories and concepts and ways of thinking inevitably leads to massive reduction in understanding of knowledge production. If the ideal of so-called hard sciences, followed by Porčić, was a severe detachment of objects from subjects, supposedly leading to guaranteed neutrality (objectivity) of knowledge – the first half of the 20th century ideal, today abandoned in many respects even in hard sciences themselves – the constitutive element in humanistic disciplines is (auto)reflexivity and interactivity of researchers in respect to “other people and their work”, and therefore a completely different role of “subject” and their surroundings. Following his internalist approach, Porčić attempts to approach the epistemic structure of archaeology and its modes of knowledge building from the point of view of the so-called (by the author himself) general epistemological model, according to which a research starts by shaping a previous statement (hypothesis), followed by testing and final verification of a new knowledge. Attempting to preserve the “neutrality” of epistemological analysis, Porčić does not take into account the fact that every knowledge, including the scientific one, is historically and culturally conditioned; this fact, which is the foundation of every consideration of knowledge and ways of its production, particularly apparent in humanistic disciplines, is also present in the epistemology of hard sciences, to which Porčić refers. His perseverance to remain strictly in the domain of “theory” and complete neglect of the role of practice in the process of knowledge acquisition is expressed in a string of completely false statements, such as e.g. (theoretical) redundancy of archaeological excavations, or finitude (limitedness) of archaeological inquiry, reached upon by simple syllogistic exercises, often starting by erroneous or tautological premises. Perhaps the most eloquent illustration of the inadequacy of the so-called general epistemological model for archaeology is the neglect of preventive archaeology – today amounting to more than 90% of all archaeological fieldwork in Europe. However, Porčić practically denies all epistemological value to this work, persevering in the extremely reductive view of archaeology, and at the same time neglecting important epistemological perspectives of the discipline.

scholarly journals On Epistemology in Archaeology: Critique of the Text “Archaeological Excavation from Epistemological Perspective” by Marko Porčić

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Predrag Novaković
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Complete Neglect ◽  
Epistemological Model ◽  
Epistemological Analysis ◽  
The Ideal

The paper is the reaction to the contribution by Marko Porčić in this volume of Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology, presenting his views on the epistemological character and status of excavation in the archaeological process of knowledge acquisition. Here it is argued that the analysis of Porčić is simplified, non-consequential and founded upon the outdated concepts of epistemological analysis of science, which takes into account only the internal disciplinary epistemology and sharply divides theory from practice, thus considerably lowering the potential for research of archaeological epistemology. Discussing a research field, especially a humanistic one such as archaeology, exclusively in the light of its own categories and concepts and ways of thinking inevitably leads to massive reduction in understanding of knowledge production. If the ideal of so-called hard sciences, followed by Porčić, was a severe detachment of objects from subjects, supposedly leading to guaranteed neutrality (objectivity) of knowledge – the first half of the 20th century ideal, today abandoned in many respects even in hard sciences themselves – the constitutive element in humanistic disciplines is (auto)reflexivity and interactivity of researchers in respect to “other people and their work”, and therefore a completely different role of “subject” and their surroundings. Following his internalist approach, Porčić attempts to approach the epistemic structure of archaeology and its modes of knowledge building from the point of view of the so-called (by the author himself) general epistemological model, according to which a research starts by shaping a previous statement (hypothesis), followed by testing and final verification of a new knowledge. Attempting to preserve the “neutrality” of epistemological analysis, Porčić does not take into account the fact that every knowledge, including the scientific one, is historically and culturally conditioned; this fact, which is the foundation of every consideration of knowledge and ways of its production, particularly apparent in humanistic disciplines, is also present in the epistemology of hard sciences, to which Porčić refers. His perseverance to remain strictly in the domain of “theory” and complete neglect of the role of practice in the process of knowledge acquisition is expressed in a string of completely false statements, such as e.g. (theoretical) redundancy of archaeological excavations, or finitude (limitedness) of archaeological inquiry, reached upon by simple syllogistic exercises, often starting by erroneous or tautological premises. Perhaps the most eloquent illustration of the inadequacy of the so-called general epistemological model for archaeology is the neglect of preventive archaeology – today amounting to more than 90% of all archaeological fieldwork in Europe. However, Porčić practically denies all epistemological value to this work, persevering in the extremely reductive view of archaeology, and at the same time neglecting important epistemological perspectives of the discipline.

Perception of Role of the President: A Nine-Year Follow up

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1259-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. Morrow ◽  
Peter F. Merenda ◽  
Walter V. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vector Analysis ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Activity Vector

The Activity Vector Analysis was administered to 31 Ss matched for age and sex to a prior sample under the instructions to select those words which they felt described the kind of person the President of the United States should be. Comparing the significant resulting cluster with one discovered 9 yr. previously showed that there has been slight change in the stereotyped perception of the Ideal President in that the new ideal is generally less opinionated and decisive as well as more receptive and appreciative of another person's point of view than was previously found.

scholarly journals Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: the role of personalized and integrated medicine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Ciprandi ◽  
Matteo Gelardi
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Nasal Polyposis ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Integrated Medicine ◽  
Intranasal Corticosteroids ◽  
Ideal Candidate ◽  
The Ideal

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is a common disorder. From a clinical and immunopathological point of view, different phenotypes and endotypes have been identified. As asthma is frequent comorbidity, biological agents for treating CRSwNP associated with asthma may be an attractive strategy. Biological agents have several mechanisms, such as antagonizing IgE, interleukin (IL) 4, IL-5, and IL-13. However, a workup is mandatory, mainly concerning pheno-endotyping. In this regard, clinical cytological grading (CCG) has been proposed as a useful tool to manage patients with CRSwNP as it allows us to define clinical and immunopathological phenotypes able to identify the ideal candidate for biologics. In particular, the mixed cellular pattern, such as eosinophils and mast cells, could be sensitive to anti-IL-4 agents. There is still a need for well-established indications, criteria of responsiveness, duration, and safety. Moreover, personalized medicine could be opportunely integrated and/or alternated with intranasal corticosteroids to prevent relevant adverse events.

scholarly journals Motive of Hope in Works by Mykola Bazhan

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Roman Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Ideal

The paper off ers an attempt to read the works of M. Bazhan focusing on the evolving motive of hope. It is stated that this motive has its cultural and historical scope and practical content. Presently the experience of hope becomes energy of progress and cultural creation. Hope is energized by active work and nourishes work, art, science, creativity. The methods of overcoming despair in Bazhan’s poetry have been updated over the course of decades in connection with the changes in perception of the social role of poetry. Although initially the comprehension of integrity was seen in the stream of the class struggle, later the poet preferred healing the soul with art. The philosophy of the author of the “Hoff man’s Night” was not contemplative; it was focused on existential and social problems and directed by humanistic values. It is no coincidence that the poet chose the least irrational of the three main Christian virtues, the most earthly and human one – the hope. Instead, most poets at all times cultivated predominantly faith and love. This fact might explain why Bazhan’s poetry never gained vast popularity but constantly attracted attention of critics and scholars. The author’s path from despair and fear to hope is the path from the local, psychological, individual to the universal, social, and philosophical. The continual motive of hope gives some unexpected coloring to a seemingly trivial Enlightenment-like picture of the future. The concepts of progress are being filled with drama and dynamics. Existential problems proved to be much more important than the ideal future projects. The sources and plan of the progress are contained not in the objective laws of the history, but exclusively in a human being, permanently fighting in the darkness and chaos. From this point of view, Bazhan is not a representative of the Soviet-style Marxism. In fact, his worldview is rather in tune with E. Bloch’s neo-Marxism or J.-P. Sartre’s existentialism.

THE COGNITIVE POTENTIAL OF METAPHOR IN SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
Anastasiya A. Pyatunina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Growth ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Science And Culture

The article is devoted to metaphor: its definition, classification, and various approaches to its study. The author attempts to analyze metaphor outside the research field of rhetoric (which traditionally interprets it as a tool of efficient communication) and uses a linguo-cognitive approach to consider it. Within the framework of this approach, metaphor is equated with the cat- egory of thinking and is interpreted as a way of exploring the world and one of the most important cognitive mechanisms used by an individual in the process of his spiritual growth. Since the role of metaphor was completely re-estimated from the point of view of cognitive linguistics, metaphor was no longer considered as a factor inhibiting the formation of scientific knowledge. It was discovered as a unify- ing principle, a semantic potential, which eventually revealed in it the signs of anthropometry that, in turn, served as an impetus for the development of cognitive science. Re-estimation of the role and place of metaphor in the post-nonclassical epistemological field presupposes the evolution of its status: from a common linguistic technique to a meaning-making center, a bridge between being and knowing, subject and object, language and world, science and culture.

scholarly journals EL PAPEL DEL ALUMNADO EN EL TRABAJO DE FIN DE GRADO: UNA VISIÓN DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA DE SOLUCIÓN DE PROBLEMAS

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
María A. Inmaculada Calleja González
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Problem Representation ◽  
Metacognitive Skills ◽  
Personal Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ideal Method ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract.This paper presents a personal approach on how the supervision of a Degree Disseration could be carried out, focusing on the problem from the point of view of the student. The execution of the Degree Dissertation is a personal challenge that can be considered as a problem to be solved by the student and it can offer different solutions. The role of the professor of university as tutor, following the phases of the IDEAL method of Bransford and Barry Stein (1984): Identification of the problem, Definition and problem representation, Exploration of the different and possible strategies, Intervention based on a strategy, Achievements and assessment of the impact, can help students to develop metacognitive skills (thinking and personal motivations skills), strengthening planning, self-regulation, autonomy and self-efficiency in performing the Degree Dissertation.Key Words: Degree Dissertation, professor of university as tutor, student, problems solution, skills development.Resumen.Este trabajo presenta un planteamiento personal de cómo podría llevarse a cabo la tutela de un Trabajo de Fin de Grado (TFG) enfocando el problema desde el punto de vista del alumno. La realización del TFG es un reto personal que se puede plantear como un problema a resolver por el estudiante pudiendo derivar en soluciones diversas. El papel del tutor, siguiendo las fases del método IDEAL de Bransford y Barry Stein (1984): Identificación del problema, Definición y representación del problema, Exploración de diferentes y posibles estrategias, Actuación fundada en una estrategia, Logros y evaluación de efectos, puede ayudar al alumnado en el desarrollo de competencias metacognitivas, de pensamiento y de motivación, potenciando la planificación, la autorregulación, la autonomía y la autoeficacia en la realización del Trabajo Fin de Grado.Palabras Clave: TFG, tutor, alumno, solución de problemas, desarrollo de competencias.

scholarly journals Overview of The Forest Fire Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. xvii-xvii
Author(s):  
Khaled Chetehouna
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Scientific Expertise

Tropical forests play a major role in determining the current atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases. The role of tropical forests is critical because they are carbon-dense with large amount of carbon is stored. With almost 8 million km2 of the humid tropics, the tropical forests are faced to several issues altering their contribution to the carbon cycle, such as deforestation and wildfires. In Europe, extreme wildfires ravaged the European forests in the last years. These situations were extremely dangerous not only for the environment, but also for the socioeconomical point of view because to the proximity of forests from the urban cities or from the agriculture fields. This fact has motivated the European scientific community to explore the wildfires behavior in the purpose to master their expansion, and limit their harmful effect. In this plenary presentation, the French scientific expertise will be exposed with an eye on a possible extrapolation to the tropical forest’s particularity. For this purpose, the following points are going to be discussed: (1) understanding wildfire mechanisms, (2) giving a vision about French scientific experience on forest fires research field, and finally (3) trying to extrapolate these scientific experiences to tropical forests.

Service process modularization and modular strategies

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Carlborg ◽  
Daniel Kindström
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Service Infusion ◽  
Cross Case Analysis

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the role of service modularity in developing and deploying efficient services, while at the same time meeting diverse customer needs. The analysis distinguishes between different service types and sets forth key issues for service modularization, identifying supporting resources (both internal and customer) and associated modular strategies for the different types. Design/methodology/approach – The study design used an exploratory case study approach, focusing on three Swedish manufacturing firms that are moving toward an increased service focus (service infusion). Data were collected through interviews and focus groups, and the collected data were analyzed independently, before being merged and synthesized in a cross-case analysis. Themes and patterns were extracted and linked to the theoretical framework following a systematic combining process. Findings – This study contributes insights to the emerging field of service modularity by investigating process modularization and modular strategies. A framework is put forward outlining modular strategies for four different service types covering both a passive and an active role for a customer. From a theoretical point of view, the role of the customer is added to the discussion to advocate for the necessity of a co-creative perspective in service modularity. Originality/value – This article contributes to the emerging research field of service modularity by providing empirical insights into how modularization and modular strategies can enable more efficient services. Depending on service type, different modular strategies are set forth. This study also highlights the need to recognize customer-specific activities, resources and competencies as pivotal parts of the modular service processes. Such insights are particularly relevant given the established view of service modules as functions of intra-firm activities.

scholarly journals Myroslav Skoryk's opera "Moses" based on a poem by Ivan Franko as a narrative of the classical-romantic ideal

2021 ◽  
pp. 262-266
Author(s):  
Viktor Stepurko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Ethical Orientation ◽  
Artistic Development ◽  
Poetic Imagery ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Ideal

The purpose of the article is to explore the main narratives of Myroslav Skoryk's opera "Moses" based on the poem by Ivan Franko, from the point of view of the classical-romantic aesthetic platform of the struggle for the ideal. The crisis of modern society motivates the composer to fulfill the role of the Guide, which requires urgent changes in the vector of artistic development in the direction of highly spiritual philosophical, and ethical orientation. The methodology is to consider the psychological narrative of the romantic creative orientation of I. Franko (R. Golod), to analyze modern problems of opera in Ukraine (I. Gamkalo), to use comparative analysis of epoch-making problems in Ukraine of early XX - XXI centuries and to compare egalitarian and elitist understanding the orientation of the work of M. Skoryk (L. Kiyanovska). The scientific novelty of the approaches is related to the consideration of the composer's narrative discourse as an appeal to the generalized intonation and figurative symbolism of musical stylistics, rather than the stylization of certain historical or ethnic components. For the first time, M. Skoryk's opera "Moses" was considered as a work that foretells a difficult path to freedom, prosperity, and happiness. Conclusions. The work expresses a narrative focus on the synthesis of the classical-romantic compositional-formative construct with a generalized-symbolic "timeless" understanding of philosophical and poetic imagery. In this context, the church's monodic trichord or appeal to the figurative sphere of M. Lysenko's vocal works express narratives of turning to God and the idea of the dream homeland, which ultimately forms a personal mythological space of existence.

Entrepreneurial Orientation and Innovation Intensity: A New “Mediated-Moderated” Model Empirical Validation in the Tunisian Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 309-350
Author(s):  
Samah Chemli Horchani ◽  
Mahmoud Zouaoui
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Turbulence ◽  
Organizational Conditions ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Innovation Intensity

Much of the prior research on entrepreneurial orientation (EO) has focused on its determinants. This paper attempts to extend a point of view by which the EO allows to grasp the internal and external organizational conditions in order to update its business opportunities and innovate (Aloulou and Fayolle, 2005). The study examines the link between entrepreneurial orientation and innovation intensity through intellectual capital in a turbulent context. Research features were drawn in the light of the literature review and access to the ground. After stimulating the debate on the EO phenomenon and ensuring a critical revisit of its approach, the empirical basis was formed by 155 questionnaire surveys among industrial companies active in Tunisia. The mediating role of intellectual capital and the moderating role of environmental turbulence are highlighted while detecting the context specificities. Analysis reveals important contributions in the management research field.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document