THE COGNITIVE POTENTIAL OF METAPHOR IN SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
Anastasiya A. Pyatunina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Growth ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Science And Culture

The article is devoted to metaphor: its definition, classification, and various approaches to its study. The author attempts to analyze metaphor outside the research field of rhetoric (which traditionally interprets it as a tool of efficient communication) and uses a linguo-cognitive approach to consider it. Within the framework of this approach, metaphor is equated with the cat- egory of thinking and is interpreted as a way of exploring the world and one of the most important cognitive mechanisms used by an individual in the process of his spiritual growth. Since the role of metaphor was completely re-estimated from the point of view of cognitive linguistics, metaphor was no longer considered as a factor inhibiting the formation of scientific knowledge. It was discovered as a unify- ing principle, a semantic potential, which eventually revealed in it the signs of anthropometry that, in turn, served as an impetus for the development of cognitive science. Re-estimation of the role and place of metaphor in the post-nonclassical epistemological field presupposes the evolution of its status: from a common linguistic technique to a meaning-making center, a bridge between being and knowing, subject and object, language and world, science and culture.

scholarly journals Linguacognitive and Linguoculturological Features of the Opposition Concept Good and Bad in Different Structural Languages (In English and Uzbek)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1243-1247
Author(s):  
Hasanov Elyorjon Odiljonovich
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Linguistic Units

Annotation: The relevance of this study is due to its connection with the modern direction of language learning - cognitive linguistics, which makes it possible to identify the specifics of the representation of human knowledge, including evaluative ones, in the semantics of linguistic units. The prospect of the cognitive approach in studying the processes of evaluative conceptualization and evaluative categorization is explained by the fact that it makes it possible to assess the role of a person in the perception and evaluation of the surrounding reality and the formation of evaluative values, taking into account the interaction of cognitive and linguistic factors. Accordingly, the evaluative categories "good" and "bad" in this study are considered from the point of view of the mental processes of evaluative conceptualization and evaluative categorization and their refraction in linguistic meanings. Keywords: concept, language, linguacultural study, linguacultural concept "bad", linguacultural concept "good", linguistic materialization of a concept, linguacultural research.

scholarly journals COGNITIVE ASPECT OF THE UZBEK IDIOMATIC WORDS AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS IN ENGLISH

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-85
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Cognitive Aspect ◽  
Conceptual Connection ◽  
Linguistic Units

The progressing of the Uzbek linguistics and learning approaches to language, especially, problems of cognitive linguistics have been analyzed in the article. The results show that cognitive approach and methods of cognitive language materials carried out legislation of lexical units of the Uzbek language, as the materials of the Uzbek language indicate the reasons of conceptual connection of linguistic units, including the semantic factor of cognitive linguistic connection were illuminated in the article. The main characteristics of idiomatic units were based on conceptual connection. Some idiomatic words of the Uzbek language were translated into English with their equivalents. A variety of Uzbek language materials is based on the perception of reality, knowledge, opportunities linguistic memory of people. The article is dedicated to the research of ways of idiomaticity in the Uzbek word formation. It describes various causes of emergence of idiomaticity in compound words. The aim of the research work is the study of the cognitive aspect of idiomatic words of the Uzbek language. The role of cognitive mechanisms in word formation and verbalization of language units is considered as one of the topical problems of linguistics. The author of the article analyzes the cognitive bases of the formation of the idiomatic words in the Uzbek language. Conceptual metonymy, conceptual metaphor and metaphtonymy were demonstrated as basic cognitive mechanisms in the formation of idiomatic words. Moreover, the article covers the problems of engendering of idiomatic words as a result of human being’s understanding of the world, their reflection in human being's cognition and the process of reflection of cognitive mechanisms in the formation of the concept.

scholarly journals Tracing the Roots of Cognitive Linguistics in Hermann Paul’s “Principles of the History of Language”

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (33) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
German Linguist ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the impact of Hermann Paul’s ideas on the development of anthropocentric cognitive linguistics in Russia and Europe. The anthropocentric and pragmatic approaches to the study of language, related, in particular, to the consideration of language as “the language of the individual” and a product of personal experience, were formulated by the German linguist Hermann Paul (1846-1921) in his Principles of the History of Language (1920). In this important work, Paul argues that language development is driven by subjective, psychological factors, acknowledging the Man’s central role in the learning process (anthropocentrism). Viewing Paul’s position from the vantage point of modern linguistics, the article seeks to establish the rightness of the cognitive school in linguistics, provides a brief overview of Paul’s key ideas and concludes that he anticipated and formulated the main principles of the cognitive approach to language, namely: language as a product of individual experience, the role of individual notions in forming a word’s meaning, analogy as a mechanism of language acquisition, metaphor as a mechanism of learning and the connection of language with other mental processes.

scholarly journals ENGLISH PREFIXAL VERBS: SEMANTIC TRANSFORMATIONS AND COGNITIVE MECHANISMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Dudok A.R.
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Making ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Primary Meaning ◽  
Cognitive Semantic ◽  
Semantic Transformation ◽  
Core Meaning ◽  
Metaphor And Metonymy

The article analyzes the phenomenon of semantic transformations and cognitive mechanisms of creating English prefixal verbs’ meanings on the material of English explanatory dictionaries. It is noted that modern English prefixal verbs show a productive semantic potential for the creation of meanings, and therefore are an effective means of nomination, a verbalized way of thinking and reflecting the linguistic picture of the world. The influence of the studied phenomena on the associative perception of recipients has been clarified and the peculiarities of the expressive emotional potential of prefixal meaning-making, their implicit filling revealed. It is claimed that in the process of semantic transformations of the prefix verb new numerous sendes are actualized, new deep semantic layers are opened, which fill the prefix verb with extraordinary meaning. It is revealed that there is a generalized, core meaning of the prefix verb (invariant, common to all), and others are its variants, id. est. numerous variable senses. The article emphasizes that in practical application, as a derivative and cognitive-semantic mechanism, metaphor and metonymy play the role of simplifying, saving and highlighting the generalized invariant meaning of the English prefix verb. Semantic transformations in metaphor and metonymy, which are part of prefixal verbs, are interpreted as a cognitive mechanism that forms new senses on the basis of associative implications. The idea is put forward that before the basis, the prefix does not merge into a single phonetic-morphological complex with formative inflections, but has its own autonomous (invariant) meaning with its inherent meaning-making paradigm. The article reveals new meanings of prefixal verbs and their senses, which arose as a result of semantic transformation or rethinking of existing nominations. It is proved that the essence of the process of metaphorization, metonymization of English prefixal verbs is to change the primary meaning of the word by including in its semantics new differential semes that modify senses. It is concluded that the prefix derivation of a verb preserves and transmits the same semantic load as common vocabulary, because the prefix always includes a word or term in a certain matrix of the scheme, so its semantic load is specific and clear.Key words: prefixal verbs, semantic transformations, cognitive mechanisms, meanings, metaphor and metonymy, lexical-semantic load, expressive-emotional potential. У статті проаналізовано феномен семантичних трансформацій і когнітивних механізмів творення смислів англійських префіксальних дієслів на матеріалі англомовних тлумачних словників. Зазначено, що сучасні англійські префіксальні дієслова виявляють продуктивний семантичний потенціал творення смислів, отже, є ефек-тивним засобом номінації, вербалізованим способом мислення та відбиття мовної картини світу. З’ясовано вплив досліджуваних явищ на асоціативне сприйняття реципієнтів і розкрито особливості експресивно емоційного потенціалу префіксального смислотворення, їх імпліцитного наповнення. Стверджується, що в процесі семантичних трансформацій префіксального дієслова актуалізуються нові численні смисли, відкриваються нові глибинні семантичні пласти, що наповнюють префіксальне дієслово неординарним змістом. Виявлено, що існує узагальнене, стрижневе значення префіксального дієслова (інваріант, спільне для всіх), а інші – його варіанти, тобто численні змінні смисли. У статті акцентується на тому, що в практичному застосуванні як дерива-тивний і когнітивно-семантичний механізм метафора й метонімія виконують роль спрощення, економії та виділення узагальненого інваріантного значення англійського префіксального дієслова. Семантичні трансформації в метафорі й метонімії, що входять до складу префіксальних дієслів, трактуються як когнітивний механізм, що формує нові смисли на основі асоціативних імплікацій. Висунуто ідею, що, передуючи основі, префікс не зливається в єдиний фонетико-морфологічний комплекс із формоутворювальними флексіями, а має своє автономне (інваріантне) значення з притаманною йому смислотвірною парадигмою. У статті розкрито нові значення префіксальних дієслів та їх смислів, що виникли в результаті семантичної трансформації чи переосмислення наявних номінацій. Доведено, що сутність процесу метафоризації, метонімізації англійських префіксальних дієслів полягає в зміні первинного значення слова шляхом включення до його семантики нових диференційних сем, які модифікують смисли. Зроблено висновок, що префіксальна деривація дієслова зберігає та передає те саме семантичне навантаження що й загальновживана лексика, адже префікс завжди включає слово чи термін у певну матрицю схеми, тому його семантичне навантаження конкретне й чітке.Ключові слова: префіксальні дієслова, семантичні трансформації, когнітивні механізми, значення, метафора й метонімія, лексико-семантичне навантаження, експресивно-емоційний потенціал.

scholarly journals The Problems of Conceptualization and Categorization in English Terminology

Discourse ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
S. V. Kiseleva ◽  
M. Yu. Mironova ◽  
N. А. Trofimova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
New Words ◽  
System A ◽  
The World ◽  
Central Elements ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Communication Needs

Introduction. The paper focuses on the linguistic concepts of terminology and a term system, provides the views of linguists on the definition and differentiation of these terms, explains the semantics of the word and the term, as well as the role of the cognitive approach in modern terminology. The scientific work defines a concept and a category, and describes the role of the processes of conceptualization and categorization in English terminology. As more than 90 % of new words appearing in modern languages is vocabulary for special purposes, it is increasingly important to study the ways of their formation. The research is relevant since it provides a deeper understanding of the structure and content of concepts that underlie the formation of language categories, the mechanisms of interaction between cognitive and language structures in the process of forming the terminological meaning.Methodology and sources. In light of the cognitive approach to understanding the semantics of a word the authors emphasize anthropocentrist thinking, language picture of the world and lexical-semantic variants of the word. The cognitive approach allows us to reveal the causes and mechanisms of dynamic processes in the field of professional nomination, taking into account the changing cognitive and communication needs of people. The research is made using corpora data.Results and discussion. It has been found out, that cognitive categories are linked to conceptually defined prototypes that are crucial for the formation of categories. The necessary to define the central elements of prototypical categories has been proved, as they make the category logical, understandable and convenient, since all members of the category meet a given list of characteristics. As a result of the research it has been proved that in an investment terminological system a prototype turns out to be the best representative of a category.Conclusion. It has been concluded that the study of conceptualization and categorization processes is extremely important when analyzing terminological systems in general, and investment terminological system of English, in particular, because it allows to identify the basic concepts underlying the formation of terminological systems. The study of the principles and mechanisms of categorization of language units makes it possible to identify and analyze their prototypical semantics in terms of their common properties with the prototype of the category. This possibility is of paramount importance for research in the field of cognitive linguistics, since it is the prototypical semantics of language units that largely determines their use in a sentence to convey a particular meaning.

scholarly journals AXIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVIZATION AS A TOOL OF DISCOURSE CONSTRUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
N.N. KAZYDUB ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Strategic Communication ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
A Value ◽  
Cognitive Scripts

Statement of the problem. The problem of discourse construction with the emphasis on linguistic interactions as tools for solving communicative tasks is in the mainstream of modern linguistics. It involves elaborating methodological concepts that reveal the nature and principles of cognitive management in the discourse space built to reach a communicative goal through creating communicative solidarity. Since discourse construction processes are motivated and shaped primarily by value concepts it is logical to model them in terms of axiological perspectivization. The purpose of the article is to substantiate and exemplify the role of axiological perspectivization as a cognitive operation aimed at winning the addressee’s empathy by activating value concepts that are relevant both culturally and personally. The methodology of the research bases on findings in the spheres of axiology, cognitive linguistics, discourse analysis, pragmatics, strategic communication. The interdisciplinary approach to the study of axiological perspectivization is motivated by the complex nature of the processes involved in discourse construction. Research results. Within the framework of discourse construction, the notions of axiological perspective and axiological perspectivization have been elaborated. The role of these notions as methodological tools for shaping linguistic interactions in view of the communicative goal set by the sender of the message has been substantiated. The axiological perspectivization is modelled as the process of creating an image that activates culture-based value concepts and involves the addressee in the activities planned by the addresser. The contribution of cognitive mechanisms (foregrounding, modalization, positivization, reframing) to the formation and realization of the axiological perspective has been exemplified Conclusions. This study presents a research into the problem of axiological foundations and support systems of discourse construction. Increasingly, the use of value concepts as bulding blocks of axiological perspectivization is a critical factor for positive feedback and, therefore, effective communication. The study widens the range of methodological tools for discourse construction by elaborating the notions of axiological perspective and axiological perspectivization and specifying cognitive mechanisms involved in producing a value-charged effect on the addressee. The process of axiological perspectivization is constituted by cognitive scripts of foregrounding, modalization, positivization and reframing that are represented by functionally appropriate language means including axiologemes, i.e. linguistic signs that incode key values of the society and cultural groups within the society.

scholarly journals ON THE INTRODUCTION OF THE TERM «COGNITIVE TOPONYMY»

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Ирина Анатольевна Мартыненко
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Word Combination ◽  
Place Naming ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
Terminology System

Географические названия, несмотря на их денотативный характер, до недавнего времени не были объектом пристального внимания ученых-когнитивистов. Однако недавние исследования в области когнитивной лингвистики дали толчок развитию топонимики в этом направлении. Когнитивный аспект является основополагающим по отношению к топонимам в рамках той среды, в которой они функционируют, и делает возможным комплексное исследование топонимии региона. В ментальной системе с целостным мышлением язык и, внутри языка, топонимические представления, составляющие часть ментального лексикона, взаимосвязаны с пространственными представлениями. В статье анализируется как российская, так и зарубежная современная научная литература по когнитивному подходу к изучению топонимики, которая показывает, что в целом исследователи осторожно относятся к терминологии в когнитивно-топонимическом контексте, предпочитая заменять словосочетание «когнитивная топонимика» длинными описательными конструкциями. Тем не менее складывающаяся в мире ономастики ситуация говорит о постепенной интеграции данного понятия в лингвистическую термино¬систему. Автор задается вопросом о целесообразности введения термина «когнитивная топонимика» и обосновывает вывод о его необходимости в системе ономастической терминологии. В статье разрабатываются определения понятий «когнитивная топонимика» и «когнитивный топоним», делаются предположения о целях и задачах когнитивной топонимики как науки. Тесная связь между научно-познавательным подходом и топонимикой подтверждается примерами. Особое внимание уделяется роли зрительного и ментального восприятия в географических наименованиях. В рамках когнитивной топонимики, по оценкам автора, в дальнейшем будут изучаться воплощения информации в географических названиях, а также особенности использования топонимической лексики по сравнению с другими формами актуализации информации. По мнению автора, особо эффективным станет комплексный метод изучения топонимических единиц в рамках когнитивного анализа географических названий в сочетании со статистическим анализом, историко-географической реконструкцией, дескриптивным методом и методом картографирования ГИС. Place names, in spite of their denotative character, haven't been the object of close attention of cognitive scientists until recently. However, recent studies in cognitive linguistics have given impetus to the development of toponymy in this direction. The article analyzes both Russian and foreign scientific literature on the cognitive approach to the study of toponymics, which shows that, in general, researchers are cautious with terminology in the cognitive-toponymic context, preferring to replace the word combination «cognitive toponymy» with descriptive constructions. The author asks the question about the expediency of introducing the term «cognitive toponymy» and substantiates the conclusion about its necessity in onomastic terminology system. The article develops definitions for the concepts of «cognitive toponymy» and «cognitive toponym», makes assumptions about the goals and objectives of cognitive toponymy as a science. The close connection between scientific-cognitive approach and toponymy is supported by examples. Particular emphasis is made on the role of visual and mental perception in place naming. In the author’s opinion, the future lies with the complex method of studying toponymic units within the cognitive analysis of geographical names in combination with statistical analysis, historical and geographical reconstruction, descriptive method and GIS mapping method.

scholarly journals Border Crossings Through the Eyes of a Female Narrator: Concept Border in Laura Ingalls Wilder’s Literary Discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halyna Zaporozhets ◽  
Yuliya Stodolinska
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Female Child ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Discourse ◽  
Border Crossings ◽  
Modern Fiction ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
Cultural Concept

Many recent studies have focused on the depiction of BORDER from the point of view of cognitive linguistics, gender studies, cultural studies. However, little research has been undertaken to study the books for children that address questions of borderlands, territorial and metaphorical borders in historical and modern fiction among which is Laura Ingalls Wilder’s Little House Series. The objective of this article is to study the portrayal of cultural concept BORDER from the perspective of a female child narrator in Laura Ingalls Wilder’s literary discourse, focusing on the depiction of territorial and metaphorical borders in order to establish the possible influences and interrelations. The multidisciplinary approach that combines the methods and former research findings of such disciplines as cognitive linguistics, psycholinguistics, border studies, discourse studies is implemented to determine the narrator model and the peculiarities of psychonarration in the book series; classify concept BORDER from the point of view of cognitive linguistics and restructure its components; provide an analysis of the figurative and associative layer of the cultural concept BORDER and examine the role of the verbalization of feelings and emotions in the portrayal of territorial and metaphorical border crossings in Wilder’s books. Overall, it is assumed that the female child narrator has been chosen by the author based on the psychological peculiarities of the target audience of the books. The results indicate that the combination of the external and internal forms of psychonarration ensures a clearer portrayal of the female perception of border crossings in the analyzed discourse. The territorial and metaphorical borders depicted in Wilder’s works are interwoven and influenced by historical, biographical, gender, and psychological peculiarities. 

scholarly journals Cognitive Models of Concepts Transformation in Some German Sports Terms Borrowed from English

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
English Language ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Conceptual Structure ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
German Language ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Linguistic Units

The article examines the linguistic aspects of the process of borrowing terms from the English language into the sports sphere of the German language from the perspective of a cognitive approach. It analyses the features of cognitive interaction of the conceptual systems of professional spheres. The paper describes transformation models of cognitive structures into the recipient language in the process of terminological borrowing on the material of sports Anglicisms of the German language. The study shows that loanwords most often convey a conceptual structure in the recipient language, which is generated on the basis of already existing mental structures in the source language. Various cognitive models of the transformation of the “alien” concept are defined: preserving the original structure of the prototype concept; developing new conceptual features in the recipient language; narrowing the conceptual structure of the concept prototype. The research contributes to the problem of the representation of knowledge in a term, the identification of linguistic and cognitive mechanisms of knowledge representation through borrowed linguistic units. The results can be used in the courses on cognitive linguistics, lexicology, in research practice and lexicographical descriptions, as well as in teaching practical language skills in professional sports. Keywords: Borrowing, terms, sports terminology, cognitive terminology, professional knowledge.

Teaching English on a linguocognitive basis: a phraseological aspect

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Sergei V. Motov
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
English Language ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Idiomatic Expressions

Phraseological units are a significant element of English. Being culturally conditioned, these units reflect the peculiarities of conceptualization of reality by native speakers. We substantiate the possibility of teaching the phraseological level of English on a linguocognitive basis within the framework of the communicative-cognitive approach. The importance and prospects of the communicative-cognitive approach to teaching English in the current educational reality has been substantiated. We present experimental studies that prove the high potential of foreign language learning on a linguocognitive basis. Classifications of phraseological units in the English language, proposed both in the field of traditional linguistics and cognitive linguistics, are considered. The study connects idiomatic expressions with cognitive mechanisms such as conceptual metaphor and provides examples of conceptual metaphors in English in relation to respective idiomatic expressions. We describe successful experimental studies on teaching English phraseological units on a linguocognitive basis. The importance of group work in the study of English phraseological units is substantiated and an example of the distribution of roles during group work is provided. The study considers possible difficulties and peculiarities of teaching English phraseological units and suggests ways of overcoming them. The study substantiates the importance of using cognitive linguistics as a linguistic basis for teaching English based on the communicative-cognitive approach.

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