scholarly journals Myroslav Skoryk's opera "Moses" based on a poem by Ivan Franko as a narrative of the classical-romantic ideal

Author(s):  
Viktor Stepurko

The purpose of the article is to explore the main narratives of Myroslav Skoryk's opera "Moses" based on the poem by Ivan Franko, from the point of view of the classical-romantic aesthetic platform of the struggle for the ideal. The crisis of modern society motivates the composer to fulfill the role of the Guide, which requires urgent changes in the vector of artistic development in the direction of highly spiritual philosophical, and ethical orientation. The methodology is to consider the psychological narrative of the romantic creative orientation of I. Franko (R. Golod), to analyze modern problems of opera in Ukraine (I. Gamkalo), to use comparative analysis of epoch-making problems in Ukraine of early XX - XXI centuries and to compare egalitarian and elitist understanding the orientation of the work of M. Skoryk (L. Kiyanovska). The scientific novelty of the approaches is related to the consideration of the composer's narrative discourse as an appeal to the generalized intonation and figurative symbolism of musical stylistics, rather than the stylization of certain historical or ethnic components. For the first time, M. Skoryk's opera "Moses" was considered as a work that foretells a difficult path to freedom, prosperity, and happiness. Conclusions. The work expresses a narrative focus on the synthesis of the classical-romantic compositional-formative construct with a generalized-symbolic "timeless" understanding of philosophical and poetic imagery. In this context, the church's monodic trichord or appeal to the figurative sphere of M. Lysenko's vocal works express narratives of turning to God and the idea of the dream homeland, which ultimately forms a personal mythological space of existence.

Author(s):  
Т.К. Салбиев

Очевидно, что в условиях глобализации опора на традицию, содержащую в обобщенном виде опыт многих поколений предков, является одним из основополагающих условий, обеспечивающих устойчивое развитие общества. С этой точки зрения, когда в современном обществе налицо кризис семьи, первостепенный интерес представляет то, как традиция трактует семейные отношения, определяет место и роль семьи в обществе, регулирует отношение между ее членами. Не случайно у современных исследователей наблюдается устойчивый интерес к этому элементу традиционной культуры осетин. Новизна проведенного исследования обнаруживает себя двояко. С одной стороны, впервые в качестве основного источника исследования использованы не внешние описания, а сама обрядовая традиция, позволяющая получить сведения «из первых рук». С другой стороны, в статье обоснована необходимость обращения к методам, разработанным школой функциональной этнологии, основоположником которой принято считать британского ученого Б. Малиновского. В рамках предлагаемого подхода главной целью неизбежно становится выяснение мифа, лежащего в основе осетинской патриархальной семьи, определяющего принципы ее устройства и функционирования. Главным результатом исследования можно считать отождествление членов осетинской патриархальной семьи и отводимых им в рамках осетинской семейной обрядности прав и обязанностей, с ритуально значимыми частями жертвенной птицы, распределение которых было строго регламентировано. Вместе с тем, обнаруживает себя также их устойчивая связь и с эпическим циклом, определяемым как «Начало нартов». В этом случае, семейная обрядность, фактически, предстает формой инсценировки этого сюжета, в рамках которой члены патриархальной семьи воспроизводят образы тех или иных эпических героев, действовавших в эпоху первотворения. Obviously, in the context of globalization, reliance on tradition, containing in a generalized form the experience of many generations of ancestors, is one of the fundamental conditions for the sustainable development of society. From this point of view, when there is a family crisis in modern society, it is of primary interest how tradition interprets family relations, determines the place and role of the family in society, and regulates the relations between its members. No wonder that modern scholars have shown steady interest in this element of the traditional Ossetian culture. The novelty of the study reveals itself in two ways. On the one hand, for the first time, the main source of the research was not external descriptions, but the ritual tradition itself, which made it possible to obtain first-hand information. On the other hand, the article substantiates the need to appeal to the methods developed by the school of functional ethnology, the founder of which is considered to be B. Malinovsky. In the framework of the proposed approach, the main goal inevitably becomes the clarification of the myth underlying the Ossetian patriarchal family, which determines the principles of its structure and functioning. The main result of the study can be considered the identification of members of the Ossetian patriarchal family and the rights and obligations assigned to them within the framework of the Ossetian family ritual, with ritually significant parts of the sacrificial bird, the distribution of which was strictly regulated. At the same time, their steady connection with the epic cycle, defined as the “Beginning of the Narts”, also reveals itself. In this case, family ritual, in fact, appears as a form of dramatization of this plot, in which members of the patriarchal family reproduce the images of certain epic heroes who acted in the era of the creation.


2020 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
R. M. Gambarova

Relevance. Grain is the key to strategic products to ensure food security. From this point of view, the creation of large grain farms is a matter for the country's selfsufficiency and it leading to a decrease in financial expense for import. Creation of such farms creates an abundance of productivity from the area and leads to obtaining increased reproductive seeds. The main policy of the government is to minimize dependency from import, create abundance of food and create favorable conditions for export potential.The purpose of the study: the development of grain production in order to ensure food security of the country and strengthen government support for this industry.Methods: comparative analysis, systems approach.Results. As shown in the research, if we pay attention to the activities of private entrepreneurship in the country, we can see result of the implementation of agrarian reforms after which various types of farms have been created in republic.The role of privateentrepreneurshipinthedevelopmentofproduction is great. Тhe article outlines the sowing area, production, productivity, import, export of grain and the level of selfsufficiency in this country from 2015 till 2017.


1947 ◽  
Vol s3-88 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
J. E. SMITH

1. An account is given of the muscular anatomy of the foot and ampulla of Asterias rubens. An intrinsic musculature of the sucker figured by Cuénot (1891) and Chadwick (1923) is shown not to be present; on the other hand, postural muscles responsible for orientating the podium, levator fibres which ‘cup’ the sucker, and radial fibres which flatten it are described and figured for the first time. 2. The role of the different muscle systems, the collagen connective tissue, and the fluid of the hydrocoel in protracting and retracting the foot, and in effecting the attachment and detachment of the sucker, is discussed. 3. Evidence is presented, to show that postural pointing of the foot is brought about by the contraction of a ring of muscles encircling the base of the podium. The orienting muscles are functionally, but not anatomically, distinct from the longitudinal fibres of the retractor sheath. 4. The ambulatory step is shown to comprise a series of linked phases of static posture and of movement. Each phase is characterized by the contraction of one member of each of the two opposing pairs of muscles engaged in the development of the step. The two pairs of muscles are (1) the anterior and posterior orienting fibres, and (2) the protractors and retractors of the foot. In its ideal form the step comprises four phases of static posture alternating with four movements. Each movement is ushered in by a reversal of the contraction-relaxation relationships of one of the two pairs of opposing muscle systems. Four such changes are possible and they occur in a sequence that ensures the orderly succession of the four movements of protraction, swing back, retraction, and swing forward, of which movements the idealized stepping cycle is composed. 5. The actual locomotory step departs from the ideal form in two respects: (1) it is liable to become disrupted by a delay in the initiation of the protraction or of the backswing movement, and (2) withdrawal of the podium occurs simultaneously with its re-orientation in the forward direction. It is pointed out that these variations are explicable on the assumption that, in the two series of opposing muscle pairs, the retractor fibres are more readily excited to contract than are their antagonists, and the anterior postural muscles than the posterior postural fibres.


Biomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
D.R. Maslennikova ◽  
F.M. Shakirova

The study carried out a comparative analysis of the effect of 24 epibrassinolide (EB) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) on the growth and state of the main components of the glutathione system in the roots of wheat seedlings under the action of 2% NaCl, which for the first time revealed the ability of these phytohormones to similarly stabilize stress-induced decrease GSH / GSSG ratio, positively regulate the activity of glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase. A comparable level of protective effect of BAP and EB on root length was revealed. The data obtained indicate that endogenous cytokinins may play the role of hormonal intermediates in the implementation of the protective.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Hernández

The book explores the manuscripts written, read, and studied by Franciscan friars from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries in Northern Italy, and specifically Padua, assessing four key aspects: ideal, space, form and readership. The ideal is studied through the regulations that determined what manuscripts should aim for. Space refers to the development and role of Franciscan libraries. The form is revealed by the assessment of the physical configuration of a set of representative manuscripts read, written, and manufactured by the friars. Finally, the study of the readership shows how Franciscans were skilled readers who employed certain forms of the manuscript as a portable, personal library, and as a tool for learning and pastoral care. By comparing the book collections of Padua’s reformed and unreformed medieval Franciscan libraries for the first time, this study reveals new features of the ground-breaking cultural agency of medieval friars.


2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Helena Sgouramani ◽  
Chris Muller ◽  
Leon van Noorden ◽  
Marc Leman ◽  
Argiro Vatakis

We report two experiments aiming to define how experience and stimulus enactment affect multisensory temporal integration for ecologically-valid stimuli. In both experiments, a number of different dance steps were used as audiovisual displays at a range of stimulus onset asynchronies using the method of constant stimuli. Participants were either professional dancers or non-dancers. In Experiment 1, using a simultaneity judgment (SJ) task, we aimed at defining — for the first time — the temporal window of integration (TWI) for dancers and non-dancers and the role of experience in SJ performance. Preliminary results showed that dancers had smaller TWI in comparison to non-dancers for all stimuli tested, with higher complexity (participant rated) dance steps requiring larger auditory leads for both participant groups. In Experiment 2, we adapted a more embodied point of view by examining how enactment of the stimulus modulates the TWIs. Participants were presented with simple audiovisual dance steps that could be synchronous or asynchronous and were asked to synchronize with the audiovisual display by actually performing the step indicated. A motion capture system recorded their performance at a millisecond level of accuracy. Based on the optimal integration hypothesis, we are currently looking at the data in terms of which modality will be dominant, considering that dance is a spatially (visual) and temporally (audio) coordinated action. Any corrective adjustments, accelerations–decelerations, hesitations will be interpreted as indicators of the perception of ambiguity in comparison to their performance at the synchronous condition, thus, for the first time, an implicit SJ response will be measured.


Dialogue ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-326
Author(s):  
Stéphane Courtois

AbstractThe general aim of this paper is to question the idea that hermeneutic and critical social sciences have to be conceived as specific embodiments of the scientific enterprise. This idea is rather implicit in Habermas's work, but has its grounds in his thesis about the argumentative unity of all sciences, upheld for the first time in 1973. Such a point of view turns out to be untenable for two reasons. First, the indiscriminating inclusion of the hermeneutic and critical social sciences in scientific enterprise raises problems of consistency with regard to the systematic guidelines of The Theory of Communicative Action. Moreover, the thesis of argumentative unity of the sciences itself is incompatible with Habermas's methodological conception of the role of Verstehen in the social sciences developed in section 1.4 of the book. Finally, the author argues that this conception calls for another understanding of the status and role of the hermeneutic and critical disciplines, which is outlined in some detail.


Author(s):  
М.К. Курбанов ◽  
Д.А. Курбанова

Искусство туркменских бахши-дестанчи имеет древние истоки и отличается жанровым богатством и стилевым разнообразием. Эпическое наследие туркмен в достаточной степени изучено филологами, этнографами, однако специальных исследований, раскрывающих природу сохранения изустной традиции и описывающих методы передачи эпических жанров из поколения в поколение в Туркменистане, до сих пор нет. Цель статьи – описать бытующие школы эпического сказительства, выявить их жанровые, исполнительские особенности, сохранившиеся в искусстве бахши-дестанчи традиции наставничества, а также охарактеризовать методы, позволяющие сказителям хранить в памяти огромное количество эпических песен и текстов. Для решения намеченных целей были осуществлены следующие задачи: проанализированы эпические жанры различных локальных школ; проведен сравнительный анализ исполнения эпоса одним и тем же сказителем в различные периоды времени, а также наставника и его учеников; определены факторы, влияющие на изменение дестанов. В качестве методологической базы использованы труды А. Лорда, В. В. Бартольда, В. М. Жирмунского, В. Я. Проппа, Е. Э. Бертельса, Б. Н. Путилова, К. Райхла. Источниками для анализа послужили образцы эпического наследия из аудио фонда Туркменской национальной консерватории, а также полевые аудио/видео материалы из личного архива авторов. Впервые в статье в качестве жанров эпических сказителей рассматриваются не только традиционные эпосы и дестаны, но и жанр легенды с музыкой, а также излюбленные в народе музыкально-поэтические транскрипции произведений поэтов-классиков. Проведенные исследования позволили выявить формообразующую роль песен и их функции, осуществляющие развитие музыкальной драматургии в дестанах. Впервые в работе выявлены «песни-маяки», составляющие каркас эпического сказания и способствующие запоминанию повествования в памяти народных сказителей. Незакреплённость песенных мотивов к текстам, а также использование в песнях мелодий-тем (музыкальных напевов, характерных для конкретных локальных школ) определяет особенности туркменского дестанного исполнительства. Учитывая тенденцию к ослабеванию интереса молодого поколения к древней традиции, изучение методов преемственности, используемых в процессе сохранения традиции устного наследия, представляется своевременным и актуальным. The art of Turkmen bagshy-dessanchy (epictellers) is ancient and distinguished by its genre richness and stylistic diversity. The epic heritage of Turkmens has been sufficiently studied by philologists and ethnographers, but there are no special studies in Turkmenistan revealing the nature of the oral tradition preservation and the methods of transmitting epic genres from generation to generation. The purpose of the article was to reveal the genre and performing features of the schools of epic epic-telling in Turkmenistan, describe the traditions of mentoring that have survived in the art of bagshy-dessanchy, and identify methods that allow Turkmen storytellers to keep in memory a huge number of songs and texts. To solve these goals, the following tasks were carried out: the epic legends of various local schools were analyzed; a comparative analysis of the performance of the epic by the same narrator in different periods of time was carried out; revealed differences in the performance of the same legend by the mentor and his students; the factors and means influencing the change of destans have been determined. The works of A. Lord, V. Barthold, V. Zhirmunsky, V. Propp, E. Bertels, B. Putilov, K. Reichl were used in the article as a methodological base. The sources for the analysis were samples of the epic heritage from the Fund of audio materials of the Turkmen National Conservatory, as well as field audio-, videomaterials from the authors’ personal archives. In the article, for the first time, not only epic cycles and destans, but also the genre of legend with music, as well as poetic transcriptions of the classical poet’s works were considered as the main genres of bagshy-destanchy. The studies helped to identify the formative role of epic songs and their important functions, thanks to which the development of the musical dramaturgy in epic genres was carried out. For the first time, we identified the beacon songs, that make up the frame of Turkmen epic works, thanks to which the epic text remembering in the memory of bagshy-dessanchy. The looseness of song motifs with texts, using the theme-melodies (musical tunes, which characteristic of specific local schools) in epic songs showed the particularities of Turkmen destan performance. Taking into account the tendency towards a gradual weakening of the interest of the younger generation in the ancient tradition, the identification of the methods used in the process of preserving the oral epic heritage is highly relevant.


2021 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
V. Petrenko

The research deals with a different understanding of things in the context of culture. An attempt was made to analyze the phenomenon of a thing through the scientific­methodological approach of Lacan, Marx, and Heidegger. The article also attempts to answer the main question: what does a thing mean in modern society, and what transformations of this concept took place in a historical perspective. The article analyzes such order of things in which things at different levels (physical, social, axiological, etc.) manifest themselves in different ways, as well as possess different qualities and characteristics, which gives us the opportunity to talk about a new understanding of a thing in the context of an information society, in which the physical thing is nullified and the symbolic thing appears. To distinguish these two concepts, we need to understand how the thing is realized in the desire, because the desire itself is the direction that motivates a person to make a choice, and this is what a person is deprived of the XXI century. The purpose of this article is a thorough consideration of thing in the context of mass culture. Designation of connections between human “I” and a thing in the context of the new information society. The relevance of this article consists in the fact that in modern Western societies there is a loss of the value of a thing as a value that is not only inside the thing itself, but also goes beyond the material world. This is primarily due to mass production and the emergence of a consumer society. The methodology: the author uses a systematic approach and the analytics is made from the point of view of materialism, existentialism, and psychoanalysis. The results: the author identifies ten points that characterize the thing in the context of mass culture. The emphasis is on mediocrity as the main agent of consumerism. A broad analysis of the subject is given in the context of social criticism of the USSR and Western societies of the modern type. The topicality. This article for the first time specifies a correlation between things in popular culture and mediocrity as an extra class phenomenon that significantly affects social processes. It also for the first time analyzes things on the basis of the fundamental philosophical teachings of the XX century and makes connection between Marxism, phenomenology and psychoanalysis, which for a long time have been considered methodological antagonists. The removal of this conflict leads to the discovery of new methodological studies in the field of culture, since they can study human activity from different sides (each with its own), but also closely cooperating with each other. Practical value. Research in this area using philosophical methodology gives us the opportunity to comprehend the concept of mediocrity and trace its connection with the thing, which in its turn opens up opportunities for us for a deeper understanding of the processes that began to take place after the Second World War. For a modern person, it is very important to ask yourself questions about the relationship between me and things. Questions like these are just as important in the educational process.


Author(s):  
Natalia M. Romanova ◽  

Relevance. The study of the specific organizational culture peculiarities within group entities conducting criminal economic activities is significant for understanding the essence of such organizations, socio-psychological mechanisms of their potential influence on society. So far, the criminal subculture has not been considered from the point of view of postmodernism methodology, the influence of the role of organizational culture on its development. Purpose. Develop the theoretical foundations of the study of criminal subculture that are adequate for modern society. Method. Theoretical analysis of the criminal subculture from the point of view of the methodology of postmodernism. Results. The article provides an analysis of the peculiarities of the nature of modern culture in the conditions of the postmodern and information society, the relationship of the criminal subculture with the culture of society and the social processes taking place in it, the specifics of changes and the cultural transformation of the criminal subculture in a multicultural society (dissemination and introduction into society, modification, acquisition of new forms). Conclusions. Reliance on the methodology of postmodernism gives a deeper understanding of the cultural transformation specifics in the modern criminal subculture. The introduction of criminal subculture into the structure of society is due to the use of objective elements of organizational culture (image, externally acceptable, socialized forms of employee behavior, external compliance with the requirements of conventionality) and concealment of subjective elements of organizational culture (values of the criminal world).


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