scholarly journals Research of the problem of optimization and development of a calculation method for two-stage chain drives used in heavy industrial vehicles in conditions of economic efficiency

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Sevda Aliyeva ◽  
Javida Damirova ◽  
Sevinc Abasova
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Chain Drive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Drilling Unit ◽  
Drilling Rigs ◽  
Chain Drives

The article is dedicated to the problem of optimization of chain drives of the drilling unit. At present, increasing the power per machine to the optimal limits, reducing the material and energy consumption per unit capacity of the machine, as well as operating costs are considered topical issues. The machines that are designed and constructed to optimal limits must be very powerful and productive. The machines that are applied to perform drilling works in the oil and gas industry must be easy to operate, reliable and have ability to operate for a long time. When constructing such machines, their being lightweight, economical, as well as their preparation in a short time and at low cost should be taken into account in advance. In order to ensure the reliable operation of drilling rigs, it is more expedient to apply chain drive in their mechanical transmission. First of all, the application of chain drive in drilling units and hoisting mechanisms is considered. Then a calculation method was developed for the chain drives of the drilling unit used in deep exploration wells and the exploitation of wells, and, accordingly, the calculation of the chain drive was carried out. The chain drive consists of drive and driven sprockets and a chain that encompasses the sprockets and engages in their teeth. Chain drives with several driven sprockets are also used. In addition to the basic listed elements, chain drives include tensioners, lubricating device and guards. The chain consists of hinged links that provide mobility or “flexibility” of the chain. Chain drives can be performed in a wide range of parameters. The calculation took into account the quality of the material, the service life and durability of the chain drive construction

Study the effect of casting temperature on details from thermo-plastic materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
J.A. Kerimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Mold Temperature ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Casting Temperature ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Field Equipment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

The implementation of plastic details in various constructions enables to reduce the prime cost and labor intensity of machine and device manufacturing, decrease the weight of design and improve their quality and reliability at the same time. The studies were carried out with the aim of labor productivity increase and substitution of colored and black metals with plastic masses. For this purpose, the details with certain characteristics were selected for further implementation of developed technological process in oil-gas industry. The paper investigates the impact of cylinder and compression mold temperature on the quality parameters (shrinkage and hardness) of plastic details in oil-field equipment. The accessible boundaries of quality indicators of the details operated in the equipment of exploration, drilling and exploitation of oil and gas industry are studied in a wide range of mode parameters. The mathematic dependences between quality parameters (shrinkage and hardness) of the details on casting temperature are specified.

Nanoemulsions: A Versatile Technology for Oil and Gas Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouf AlJabri ◽  
Nan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Small Droplet ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Nanoemulsions (NEs) are kinetically stable emulsions with droplet size on the order of 100 nm. Many unique properties of NEs, such as stability and rheology, have attracted considerable attention in the oil industry. Here, we review applications and studies of NEs for major upstream operations, highlighting useful properties of NEs, synthesis to render these properties, and techniques to characterize them. We identify specific challenges associated with large-scale applications of NEs and directions for future studies. We first summarize useful and unique properties of NEs, mostly arising from the small droplet size. Then, we compare different methods to prepare NEs based on the magnitude of input energy, i.e., low-energy and high-energy methods. In addition, we review techniques to characterize properties of NEs, such as droplet size, volume fraction of the dispersed phase, and viscosity. Furthermore, we discuss specific applications of NEs in four areas of upstream operations, i.e., enhanced oil recovery, drilling/completion, flow assurance, and stimulation. Finally, we identify challenges to economically tailor NEs with desired properties for large-scale upstream applications and propose possible solutions to some of these challenges. NEs are kinetically stable due to their small droplet size (submicron to 100 nm). Within this size range, the rate of major destabilizing mechanisms, such as coalescence, flocculation, and Ostwald ripening, is considerably slowed down. In addition, small droplet size yields large surface-to-volume ratio, optical transparency, high diffusivity, and controllable rheology. Similar to applications in other fields (food industry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, etc.), the oil and gas industry can also benefit from these useful properties of NEs. Proposed functions of NEs include delivering chemicals, conditioning wellbore/reservoir conditions, and improve chemical compatibility. Therefore, we envision NEs as a versatile technology that can be applied in a variety of upstream operations. Upstream operations often target a wide range of physical and chemical conditions and are operated at different time scales. More importantly, these operations typically consume a large amount of materials. These facts not only suggest efforts to rationally engineer properties of NEs in upstream applications, but also manifest the importance to economically optimize such efforts for large-scale operations. We summarize studies and applications of NEs in upstream operations in the oil and gas industry. We review useful properties of NEs that benefit upstream applications as well as techniques to synthesize and characterize NEs. More importantly, we identify challenges and opportunities in engineering NEs for large-scale operations in different upstream applications. This work not only focuses on scientific aspects of synthesizing NEs with desired properties but also emphasizes engineering and economic consideration that is important in the oil industry.

The Use of Controlled Dissolution Glasses to Consolidate and Create Permeable or Impermeable Minerals in Formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Olsen ◽  
Ragni Hatlebakk ◽  
Chris Holcroft ◽  
Arne Stavland ◽  
Nils Harald Giske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Stable Solution ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Glass Technology ◽  
Nuclear Waste Storage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Glass Compositions

Abstract Scope Controlled dissolution glasses form a permanent consolidating mineral matrix inside formations with either permeable or impermeable properties. The unique solution has a low injection viscosity and can be easily injected into a wide range of formations. The application method is simple and does not require multiple fluids or pre- and post-flushing. This paper focuses on the benefits of controlled dissolution glasses and potential applications in the oil and gas industry. Methods, Procedures, Process Controlled dissolution glasses have been researched extensively by Glass Technology Services (GTS) since 1999 for the biomedical industry, nuclear waste storage industry, and defense and aerospace industries. GTS together with operators have been performing research and development for the oil industry over the last 10 years. The research investigated different glass compositions to determine their injectability and change in formation properties post-treatment. Sandstone, chalk, and shale formations were used in the testing. Flow testing using a Hoek cell and a core flood apparatus was used to determine the post-treatment permeability. For post-treatment strength measurement, Brazilian tensile strength tests and modified cone penetration tests were used to determine tensile strength and shear strength respectively. The testing evaluated different mixing fluids, such as water and different brines, compatibility, corrosion testing, and concentrations. Results, Observations, Conclusions The testing identified different glass compositions and concentrations that are suitable for different applications and formations. Certain glass compositions increase tensile strength significantly while also maintaining the permeability in the formation. Other glass compositions have similar tensile strength increase, but result in an impermeable seal. The liquid glass solutions react with the formation to form a mineral precipitation inside the formation. The reaction with the formation occurs quickly at downhole conditions, within hours of placement. The glass can be mixed with water and variety of brines to form a stable solution across a range of densities. The testing and results to date have laid the foundation for use in a variety of consolidation and P&A applications in oil and gas wells. Testing is ongoing for a chalk and sandstone consolidation solution and for a sealing solution. Novel/Additive Information These novel glass solutions can solve many of the production and instability challenges that plague weak formations. The glasses can be injected into very low permeability formation to either seal or consolidate.

Natural resource governance, accountability and legitimising propensity: insights from Ghana's oil and gas sector

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Asare ◽  
Bruce Burton ◽  
Theresa Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Resource Discovery ◽  
Legitimacy Theory ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resource Governance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study explores Ghanaian views about accountability discharge by firms and government in the context of the nation's newly discovered oil and gas resources. The research focusses on a range of issues relating to stakeholder interaction, communication flows and the impact of decision-making on Ghanaian lives, as perceived by individuals on the ground.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adapts elements of legitimacy theory to interpret the outcome of a series of semi-structured interviews with members of key accountee and accountor groups including citizens and representatives of the state and private firms in the oil and gas industry in Ghana.FindingsThe results indicate that rather than attempting to effect substantive accountability discharge, Ghana's government and oil and gas firms employ a wide range of legitimation strategies despite the apparently complete absence of the accountee power normally seen as driving the need for social contract repair.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings suggest that accountability discharge in Ghana is cursory at best, with several legitimising strategies in evidence. The representatives from state institutions appear to share some of the concerns, suggesting that the problems are entrenched and will require robust enforcement of a strengthened regulatory approach to effect meaningful change.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature on the discharge of institutional accountability by building on earlier conceptualisations of legitimacy theory to explore perceptions around a recent natural resource discovery. The analysis highlights grave concerns regarding the behaviour of state and corporate actors, one that runs counter to sub-Saharan African tradition.

scholarly journals Effect of Gain in Soil Friction on the Walking Rate of Subsea Pipelines

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaohui Hong ◽  
Dengfeng Fu ◽  
Wenbin Liu ◽  
Zefeng Zhou ◽  
Yue Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Steel Catenary Riser ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Subsea Pipelines ◽  
Offshore Oil ◽  
Pipeline Design

Subsea pipelines are commonly employed in the offshore oil and gas industry to transport high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) hydrocarbons. The phenomenon of pipeline walking is a topic that has drawn a great deal of attention, and is related to the on-bottom stability of the pipeline, such as directional accumulation with respect to axial movement, which can threaten the security of the entire pipeline system. An accurate assessment of pipeline walking is therefore necessary for offshore pipeline design. This paper reports a comprehensive suite of numerical analyses investigating the performance of pipeline walking, with a focus on the effect of increasing axial soil resistance on walking rates. Three walking-driven modes (steel catenary riser (SCR) tension, downslope, and thermal transient) are considered, covering a wide range of influential parameters. The variation in walking rate with respect to the effect of increased soil friction is well reflected in the development of the effective axial force (EAF) profile. A method based on the previous analytical solution is proposed for predicting the accumulated walking rates throughout the entire service life, where the concept of equivalent soil friction is adopted.

Coatings for corrosion under insulation (CUI) protection—accelerated testing methodology

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Neil Wilds
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Performance Benchmarking ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Corrosion Under Insulation

Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is a serious issue in the oil and gas industry, with failures often occurring without warning and having devastating effect. When expensive redesign is not possible or practical, operators have a number of options open to them to mitigate the risk of CUI; these include the use of various protective coatings or thermally sprayed metals. Despite a number of technologies presently available, the industry is yet to establish an accepted laboratory test method for the performance benchmarking of products. This has, in the past, damaged confidence in some solutions and hampered the selection and further development of CUI coatings. As a result, the subject of accelerated laboratory testing for CUI coatings is now receiving significant attention across the industry with joint industry programs proposed in both Europe and North America. This paper will examine state-of-the-art accelerated CUI testing, evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of the existing methods available. It will then offer a detailed description of a test method that has been in use since 2004, testing more than 300 specimens and assessing a wide range of coating technologies. The reproducibility of the test program will be established by the presentation of a range of data including results obtained from a third-party test house. The third-party results will then be correlated with a seven-year case study from an end user perspective provided by Santos, a major Australian oil and gas exploration and production company, from experiences at their Port Bonython facility in SA.

The historical development of the magnetic method in exploration

Geophysics ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 33ND-61ND ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Nabighian ◽  
V. J. S. Grauch ◽  
R. O. Hansen ◽  
T. R. LaFehr ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Magnetic Method ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Weakly Magnetic ◽  
New Applications

The magnetic method, perhaps the oldest of geophysical exploration techniques, blossomed after the advent of airborne surveys in World War II. With improvements in instrumentation, navigation, and platform compensation, it is now possible to map the entire crustal section at a variety of scales, from strongly magnetic basement at regional scale to weakly magnetic sedimentary contacts at local scale. Methods of data filtering, display, and interpretation have also advanced, especially with the availability of low-cost, high-performance personal computers and color raster graphics. The magnetic method is the primary exploration tool in the search for minerals. In other arenas, the magnetic method has evolved from its sole use for mapping basement structure to include a wide range of new applications, such as locating intrasedimentary faults, defining subtle lithologic contacts, mapping salt domes in weakly magnetic sediments, and better defining targets through 3D inversion. These new applications have increased the method's utility in all realms of exploration — in the search for minerals, oil and gas, geothermal resources, and groundwater, and for a variety of other purposes such as natural hazards assessment, mapping impact structures, and engineering and environmental studies.

scholarly journals Review of Oilfield Chemicals Used in Oil and Gas Industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-24
Author(s):  
M. Chukunedum Onojake ◽  
T. Angela Waka
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oilfield Chemicals

The petroleum industry includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transportation and marketing of natural gas, crude oil and refined petroleum products. The oil industry demands more sophisticated methods for the exploitation of petroleum. As a result, the use of oil field chemicals is becoming increasingly important and has received much attention in recent years due to the vast role they play in the recovery of hydrocarbons which has enormous  commercial benefits. The three main sectors of the petroleum industry are Upstream, Midstream and Downstream. The Upstream deals with exploration and the subsequent production (drilling of exploration wells to recover oil and gas). In the Midstream sector, petroleum produced is transported through pipelines as natural gas, crude oil, and natural gas liquids. Downstream sector is basically involved in the processing of the raw materials obtained from the Upstream sector. The operations comprises of refining of crude oil, processing and purifying of natural gas. Oil field chemicals offers exceptional applications in these sectors with wide range of applications in operations such as improved oil recovery, drilling optimization, corrosion protection, mud loss prevention, drilling fluid stabilization in high pressure and high temperature environment, and many others. Application of a wide range of oilfield chemicals is therefore essential to rectify issues and concerns which may arise from oil and gas operational activities. This review intends to highlight some of the oil field chemicals and  their positive applications in the oil and gas Industries.

scholarly journals Development of Technology for Production of Coal-Water Fuel and Determination of the Optimality of Its Combustion

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Aldasheva
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Organic Fuels ◽  
Simple Technology

The article investigates the processes of preparing liquid fuel based on a mixture of coal from the Alai deposit (Kyrgyzstan) and water with the addition of other components, for combustion in various power plants and intended to replace organic fuels (solid fuel, fuel oil and gas). On the basis of the research results, a technological scheme for the preparation of coal-water fuel from the organic matter of the Alai deposit has been developed. Methods and technologies for the preparation of coal-water fuel are described. As a result, an efficient and energy-efficient method for producing coal-water fuel has been developed, which has a high energy potential, environmental friendliness, low cost, a wide range of applications and a fairly simple technology for its implementation.

Asset management: listening to your asset

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 824
Author(s):  
David Walker
Keyword(s):  
Asset Management ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Vibration Data ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Multiple Frequencies ◽  
Vibration Signatures

The ability to measure large amounts of data at high frequency, and the increasing ability to process these data close to the source at the edge, has opened up a new frontier in asset management. Until now, analysis of high-frequency data in real time has been the domain of a few, very expensive devices. However, this is rapidly changing, with the increasing capabilities of sensors and edge devices providing flexible, low-cost solutions that can be deployed across all site machinery to provide predictive and detailed information about these assets. All machinery vibrates at multiple frequencies when running. If you listen to this vibration, it can tell you a lot about the condition of the machine and its components. In fact, it is surprising how rich and detailed this information can be. Cavitation, insufficient lubrication, failing bearings and faulty impellers all have different vibration signatures, and by listening for these signatures it is possible to identify issues before they occur, and even predict when they will occur. It is also possible to feed this information (e.g. cavitation) to the control system so that process decisions can be made to avoid machine damage. This paper discusses solutions that are available now and currently being developed in terms of edge computing devices and advances in the algorithms that analyse the vibration data, and how they can be applied in the oil and gas industry to ensure assets are optimised and downtime is minimised.

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