GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE AND BRONCHIAL ASTHMA: MECHANISMS OF COMORBID FORMATION AND COURSE.

The aim of the study: To estimate the level of Galectin-3 with the parallel tracing of the content of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-4 (IL-4) for patients with GERD and BA both in case of separate nosologies, and in case of their combined course during the period of exacerbation of the diseases. Methods. The study was conducted in three groups of patients, homogeneous by gender and age. The first group included 18 patients with GERD. The second group included 19 patients with intermittent or persistent-mild bronchial asthma. The third group included 22 patients suffering from GERD with concomitant BA intermittent or persistent-mild severity. Determination of the level of galectin-3 and interleukins (IL-4 and IL-6) in the blood serum was carried out by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. Analyzing the results of the study, we found that the level of galectin - 3 was increased on average in both groups of patients with isolated GERD (and in patients with BA). In patients of the third group with comorbid pathology, the level of galectin-3 was statistically significantly higher than not only the norm, but also the average of patients with isolated BA and GERD. At the same time, we found the rise in the level of pro-inflammatory (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4) cytokines. Moreover, in patients with GERD, the level of IL-6 was increased with a higher degree of reliability, and the level of IL-4 was increased with a lower degree of reliability. In patients with BA, on the contrary, the level of IL-4 was determined more often and higher, and the level of IL-6 was lower. Conclusions. Analyzing result of the study, a clear correlation and features of changes in the level of galectin-3, IL-4, IL-6 in patients with isolated GERD, BA, as well as with the comorbidity of these diseases, were revealed. In patients with BA, the level of galectin-3 increases with the same degree of certainty as in the group of patients with GERD. In the cytokine system, on the contrary, the level of anti-inflammatory (IL-4) cytokines increases with a greater degree of certainty than the level of pro-inflammatory (IL-6) cytokines. In patients with GERD with concomitant BA, the level of galectin-3 increases with a greater degree of certainty. It is observed also a higher rising of pro-inflammatory (IL-6) cytokines and a slightly pronounced increasing of the level of anti-inflammatory (IL-4) cytokines in comparison with the group of patients with isolated GERD.

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The role of galectin 3 and the imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the mechanism of the formation of gastroesophageal reflux disease, bronchial asthma and their comorbidity

Ukrainian Therapeutical Journal ◽

10.30978/utj2019-4-35 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 0 (4) ◽

pp. 35-40

Author(s):

A.G. Oparin ◽

О.A. Oparin ◽

G.G. Ahvlediani

Keyword(s):

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽

Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽

Bronchial Asthma ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Reflux Disease ◽

Galectin 3 ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Immunogenicity of a Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine with Low Lipopolysaccharide Content in Infants

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00339-08 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 544-550 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Tatiane Queiroz Zorzeto ◽

Hisako Gondo Higashi ◽

Marcos Tadeu Nolasco da Silva ◽

Emilia de Faria Carniel ◽

Waldely Oliveira Dias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Pertussis Vaccine ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Clear Correlation ◽

Cell Mediated Immunity ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

Whole Cell ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT The lack of a clear correlation between the levels of antibody to pertussis antigens and protection against disease lends credence to the possibility that cell-mediated immunity provides primary protection against disease. This phase I comparative trial had the aim of comparing the in vitro cellular immune response and anti-pertussis toxin (anti-PT) immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers induced by a cellular pertussis vaccine with low lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content (wPlow vaccine) with those induced by the conventional whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine. A total of 234 infants were vaccinated at 2, 4, and 6 months with the conventional wP vaccine or the wPlow vaccine. Proliferation of CD3+ T cells was evaluated by flow cytometry after 6 days of peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture with stimulation with heat-killed Bordetella pertussis or phytohemagglutinin (PHA). CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and T-cell receptor γδ-positive (γδ+) cells were identified in the gate of blast lymphocytes. Gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-4 (IL-4), and IL-10 levels in supernatants and serum anti-PT IgG levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The net percentage of CD3+ blasts in cultures with B. pertussis in the group vaccinated with wP was higher than that in the group vaccinated with the wPlow vaccine (medians of 6.2% for the wP vaccine and 3.9% for the wPlow vaccine; P = 0.029). The frequencies of proliferating CD4+, CD8+, and γδ+ cells, cytokine concentrations in supernatants, and the geometric mean titers of anti-PT IgG were similar for the two vaccination groups. There was a significant difference between the T-cell subpopulations for B. pertussis and PHA cultures, with a higher percentage of γδ+ cells in the B. pertussis cultures (P < 0.001). The overall data did suggest that wP vaccination resulted in modestly better specific CD3+ cell proliferation, and γδ+ cell expansions were similar with the two vaccines.

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Flow Cytometric Microsphere-Based Immunoassay: Analysis of Secreted Cytokines in Whole-Blood Samples from Asthmatics

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.8.4.776-784.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 776-784 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Christophe Camilla ◽

Laurent Mély ◽

Antoine Magnan ◽

Brice Casano ◽

Sabine Prato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Simultaneous Determination ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Dynamic Range ◽

Internal Standard ◽

Multiplex Assay ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Flow Cytometric ◽

Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT The ability of flow cytometry to resolve multiple parameters was used in a microsphere-based flow cytometric assay for the simultaneous determination of several cytokines in a sample. The flow cytometer microsphere-based assay (FMBA) for cytokines consists of reagents and dedicated software, specifically designed for the quantitative determination of cytokines. We have made several improvements in the multiplex assay: (i) dedicated software specific for the quantitative multiplex assay that processes data automatically, (ii) a stored master calibration curve with a two-point recalibration to adjust the stored curve periodically, and (iii) an internal standard to normalize the detection step in each sample. Overall analytical performance, including sensitivity, reproducibility, and dynamic range, was investigated for interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor alpha. These assays were found to be reproducible and accurate, with a sensitivity in the picograms-per-milliliter range. Results obtained with FMBA correlate well with commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay data (r > 0.98) for all cytokines assayed. This multiplex assay was applied to the determination of cytokine profiles in whole blood from atopic and nonatopic patients. Our results show that atopic subjects' blood produces more IL-4 (P = 0.003) and less IFN-γ (P = 0.04) than the blood of nonatopic subjects. However, atopic asthmatic subjects' blood produces significantly more IFN-γ than that of atopic nonasthmatic subjects (P = 0.03). The results obtained indicate that the FMBA technology constitutes a powerful system for the quantitative, simultaneous determination of secreted cytokines in immune diseases.

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Sputum as a source of adipokines in bronchial asthma

The Scientific Notes of the I P Pavlov St Petersburg State Medical University ◽

10.24884/1607-4181-2014-21-3-34-40 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 34-40

Author(s):

V. N. Mineev ◽

T. M. Lalaeva ◽

T. S. Vasiljeva ◽

A. A. Kuzmina

Keyword(s):

Blood Plasma ◽

Bronchial Asthma ◽

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Respiratory Function ◽

Target Organ ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Bronchial Secretion ◽

Controlled System ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Forty-four patients with allergic (ABA) and non-allergic (NABA) variants of bronchial asthma (BA) were examined to evaluate levels of key adipokines (leptin, resistin, adiponectin) in sputum in different variants of BA. Adipokines in sputum and blood plasma were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The indices that reflect the percentage of adipokines in sputum regarding adipokines in plasma of the same patients were worked out to evaluate the ratio of levels of corresponding adipokines in plasma and sputum in patients with BA. Two regularities are clearly seen in the study: the first - levels of proinflammatory adipokines (leptin, resistin) in sputum in ABA correlate directly with indicators of respiratory function but levels of anti-inflammatory adipokines (adiponectin) in sputum correlate inversely with indicators of respiratory function; the second -correlation of levels of the studied adipokines with indicators of respiratory function are almost not revealed in NABA. The first regularity reflects the important fact that the content of adipokines in bronchial secretion is to a certain extent one of regulating local mechanisms in target organ controlled system levels of corresponding adipokines in exacerbation of BA.

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Serum Galectin-3 Levels Are Unlikely to Be a Useful Predictive Marker for Early-onset Preeclampsia Development

Prague Medical Report ◽

10.14712/23362936.2020.16 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 121 (3) ◽

pp. 172-180

Author(s):

Asparuh Nikolov ◽

Nikola Popovski ◽

Alexander Blazhev

Keyword(s):

Early Onset ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Predictive Marker ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Matrix Proteins ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Hypertensive Disorders In Pregnancy ◽

Galectin 3 ◽

Early Onset Preeclampsia

Galectin-3 (gal-3) is lectin which is presumed to interact with extracellular matrix proteins and cell surface glycoproteins in normal and pathophysiological conditions. The expression of gal-3 at the fetal-maternal interface partially overlaps that of gal-1, suggesting that an interplay between them might be important for hypertensive disorders in pregnancy like preeclampsia. The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis whether galectin-3 could be used as a predictive marker for early-onset preeclampsia development. 32 patients with early-onset preeclampsia were examined, mean age 28.8 ± 5.5; and 22 age matched normal pregnancies mean age 28.5 ± 6.0. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for measuring serum galectin-3 levels. There were no significant differences between serum levels of galectin-3 in sera of preeclampsia patients compared to normal pregnant women – 14.1 ± 4.77 vs. 15.7 ± 5.95 ng/ml (p>0.05). Serum galectin-3 levels correlated with maternal age (r=0.33; p=0.03) and BMI (body mass index) (r=0.52; p=0.01). Our data suggest that determination of serum galectin-3 levels may not be a useful method for prediction of early-onset preeclampsia. Studies should be aimed to other categories of biomarkers.

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PROBIOTIC LACTOBACILLUS REUTERI EFFECT’S ON THE LEVELS OF INTERLEUKIN-4 IN PERIODONTITIS PATIENTS AFTER SCALING AND ROOT PLANING

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2020.v12s2.pp-20 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 64-68

Author(s):

RIKA TANIA NARULITA SINULINGGA ◽

YUNIARTI SOEROSO ◽

ROBERT LESSANG ◽

DEWI FATMA SUNIARTI SASTRADIPURA

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Scaling And Root Planing ◽

Probiotic Group ◽

Root Planing ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Objective: Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease principally caused by a complex interaction between pathogenic bacteria and immuneresponses. Probiotics stimulate the immune system of the oral mucosa by increasing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) isthe anti-inflammatory cytokine that is most closely associated with the pathogenesis of periodontitis. This study assessed the effect of Lactobacillus reuteri(L. reuteri) containing probiotic lozenges toward clinical attachment loss (CAL) and IL-4 levels in periodontitis patients after scaling and root planing.Materials and Methods: Clinical samples were collected from the gingival crevicular fluid of 16 periodontitis patients with pocket depth (PD) of6 mm. The samples were divided into two groups. The non-probiotic group included periodontitis patients treated through scaling and root planing(SRP) only (n=8), whereas the probiotic group included periodontitis patients treated through SRP and probiotics (n=8). The measurements of theclinical parameters of PD and CAL were included as diagnostic criteria. Probiotic lozenges were given daily for 14 days. IL-4 levels were measured inboth groups using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results: IL-4 levels decreased in the non-probiotic group and increased in the probiotic group, but there was no statistical difference between thegroups. CAL decreased in both groups and was significantly different.Conclusion: SRP with the consumption of probiotic-containing L.reuteri in periodontitis patients resulted in decreased CAL and increased IL-4 levelscompared with SRP only.

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DETERMINATION OF PRO12ALA POLYMORPHISM OF PPAR-γ2 GENE AS PREDICTOR OF EFFICACY OF PYOGLITAZONE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY THERAPY OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN COMBINATION WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE

Ukrainian Pulmonology Journal ◽

10.31215/2306-4927-2018-99-1-65 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 65-70

Author(s):

O.V. Byelan ◽

O.A. Shlykova ◽

Т.V. Mamontova ◽

I.P. Kaidashev

Keyword(s):

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Bronchial Asthma ◽

Pro12ala Polymorphism ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Γ2 Gene

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DYNAMICS OF INDICATORS OF ARTERIAL PRESSURE REGULATION AND THEIR DEPENDENCE ON THE LEVELS OF GALECTIN-3 AND ALDOSTERON IN PATIENTS WITH ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION

Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії ◽

10.31718/2077-1096.19.3.37 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 37-47

Author(s):

V. P. Ivanov ◽

T. P. Onyshchuk

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Essential Hypertension ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Pressure Regulation ◽

Pressure Index ◽

The Third ◽

Galectin 3

This article presents the analysis of the nature of daily blood pressure regulation according to findings of 24-hour monitoring, depending on the levels of two neurohormones, galectin-3 and aldosterone, in the plasma of patients with essential hypertension. Material and methods. According to this goal, the study included 119 (74.4%) patients aged 19-60 years. The diagnosis of essential hypertension was confirmed on the basis of current valid criteria. Each patient underwent a procedure of daily blood pressure monitoring using the apparatus "AVRM-04" Meditech (Hungary). Results and discussion. Aldosterone level was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA using reagents of IBL International GmbH (Canada). The level of galectin-3 in serum was determined by the solid-phase enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using a set of reagents of Human Galectin-3 Platinum ELISA (Bender MedSystems GmbH, Austria). By variation statistics, three plasma levels of galectin-3 were isolated in the main group of patients: the first level was relatively low (<1.1 pg / ml), the second was relatively moderate (from 1.1 to 2, 4 pg / ml) and the third was relatively high level (> 2.4 pg / ml). However, the levels for aldosterone were respectively: the first was relatively low (<206 pg / ml), the second was relatively moderate (from 206 to 325 pg / ml), and the third was relatively high (> 325 pg) / ml). Statistical processing of the findings was processes by additional standard methods from the StatSoft "Statistica" software package V. 12.0. We have found out that in the patients of young and middle age with essential hypertension stage II, the levels of galectin-3 and aldosterone significantly affected the daily regulation of blood pressure. The young and middle-aged patients has relatively high and relatively moderate plasma levels of galectin-3, which can be associated with a significant increase in the heart rate during the day and the heart rate during the night; 24-hour systolic blood pressure (BP), day systolic BP and night systolic BP, 24-hour diastolic BP, day diastolic BP and night diastolic BP, mean PB during the day and mean BP during the night; 24-hour pressure index, pressure index during the day and pressure index during the night; variability of systolic BP during the night, variability of 24-hour diastolic BP, variability of systolic BP during the night; with a decrease in circadian index and 24-hour diastolic BP index; with an increase in the incidence of non-dipper pathological profile registration and a decrease in physiological dipper by changes in both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion. Aldosterone levels, especially relatively high and relatively moderate, compared to relatively low, are associated with a significant increase in daytime and night time heart rate, 24-hour systolic BP, day and night, 24-hour diastolic BP, and during the night, 24-hour mean BP, as well as during the day and during the night, 24-hour pressure index, as well as pressure index during the day and the night, systolic BP variability at the night, rate of early systolic and diastolic BP rise and decrease in 24-hour systolic and diastolic BP index; with increasing rate of registration of pathological profile “non-dipper” and decrease in “over-dipper” with changes in systolic BP; an increase in the incidence of non-dipper pathological profile registration and a decrease in the normal dipper profile according to diastolic BP. The authors of this study confirm that the research and publication of the results were not associated with any conflicts regarding commercial or financial relations, relations with organizations and/or individuals who may have been related to the study, and interrelations of co-authors of the article.

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