scholarly journals MANUFACTURING OF ACTIVATED CARBON USING DISPOSABLE COCONUT SHELLS FOR CATALYTIC ACTIVITIES AND WATER TREATMENT UTILIZATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Suresh Aluvihara ◽  
C.S. Kalpage ◽  
P.W.S.K. Bandaranayake
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
Black Color

Activated carbon is a black color solid compound which is fabricated using naturally occurring materials such as woods and species of coal that composed of the majority in carbon. The activated carbon is highly remarkable compound in the catalytic activities in most of chemical industries and water treatment activities because of the significant performances of such activated carbon due to the sufficiency of the surface property which is called as the adsorption with the couple of high porosity. The manufacturing of activated carbon from disposable coconut shells and the investigations of the physic-chemical characteristics of such activated carbon were the expectances of the existing research. Domestically collected coconut shells were burnt in the range of different temperatures 390°C–300°C after removing unnecessary constituents. The chemical composition of the powdered activated carbon was inspected using an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrophotometer and the surfaces of prepared activated carbon were examined using an optical microscope. As the outcomes of the above experiments, it seems that the most adequate burning temperature for the manufacturing of that batch of coconut shells was in the range of 330°C–350°C, 68.85% of ferrous and 31.15% of potassium as the composed metallic element apart from the non metallic carbon and the pure black color non- composite surfaces were observed under the microscopic studies. It is encouraged to develop this production using cost effective materials such as the shells of fesults which are belonging to the palm cast while utilizing the productions through the various applications in chemical industries

Cost-effective water treatment of polluted surface water by using direct filtration and granular activated carbon filtration

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cromphout ◽  
W. Rougge
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Direct Filtration ◽  
Carbon Filtration ◽  
Effective Water

In Harelbeke a Water Treatment Plant with a capacity of 15,000 m3/day, using Schelde river water has been in operation since April 1995. The treatment process comprises nitrification, dephosphatation by direct filtration, storage into a reservoir, direct filtration, granular activated carbon filtration and disinfection. The design of the three-layer direct filters was based on pilot experiments. The performance of the plant during the five years of operation is discussed. It was found that the removal of atrazin by activated carbon depends on the water temperature.

scholarly journals Physicochemical characterization of biochars from Eucalyptus maiden Entandrophragma cylindricum (Liboyo), Milicia excelsa (Muvula.) and Ocotea michelsonie (licheche) used in Goma city, DR Congo for water treatment potentials

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Amboko Benjamin Muhiwa ◽  
Mathias Fru Fonteh ◽  
Estella Buleng Tamungang Njoyim ◽  
François N. Gapgue
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Dr Congo ◽  
Weakly Alkaline ◽  
Milicia Excelsa

In recent years, research on biochar as an eco-friendly material and cost-effective means for water treatment, soil amendment and carbon sequestration has gained more attention due to the availability of feedstock, the simplicity of the preparation methods, and their enhanced physico-chemical properties. Given that pyrolysis temperature and resident time amongst other factors have significant effect on biochar’s pollutant removal efficacy, this study focused on the evaluation of some properties of biochars produced by pyrolysis (500 - 600 °C) from Entandrophragma cylindricum (ECB), Eucalyptus maiden (EMB), Milicia excelsa (MEB) and Ocotea michelsonie (OMB) sawdusts for their water treatment potentials by using standardized methods. Biomass generated from wood mill in the city of Goma (DR Congo) is valorised for the first time as potential water  purifier. The highest yield was obtained from OMB (36.6%) which was found to be significantly greater that those of ECB and EMB (p<0.05). All the biochars had neutral to weakly alkaline pH (7.10-7.90), very high porosity (92-94%, with EMB having the highest value) and ash content between 9.40 and 18.40%, with the highest value attributed to OMB). Most physical and chemical characteristics of biochars varied significantly due to different wood species. Potential toxic elements were far belowenvironmental threshold values and exchangeable cations were equally detected in the biochars. The obtained biochars are therefore seen as good media for water treatment.

scholarly journals Pesticide removals in the nitrifying expanded-bed filter at drinking water treatment plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Nguyet Thi-Minh Dao ◽  
The-Anh Nguyen ◽  
Viet-Anh Nguyen ◽  
Mitsuharu Terashima ◽  
Hidenari Yasui
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Expanded Bed ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon

The occurrence of pesticides even at low concentrations in drinking water sources might induce potential risks to public health. This study aimed to investigate the removal mechanisms of eight pesticides by the nitrifying expanded-bed filter using biological activated carbon media at the pretreatment of a drinking water plant. The field analysis demonstrated that four pesticides Flutolanil, Buprofezin, Chlorpyrifos, and Fenobucard, were removed at 82%, 55%, 54%, and 52% respectively, while others were not significantly removed. Under controlled laboratory conditions with continuous and batch experiments, the adsorption onto the biological activated carbon media was demonstrated to be the main removal pathway of the pesticides. The contribution of microorganisms to the pesticide removals was rather limited. The pesticide removals observed in the field reactor was speculated to be the adsorption on the suspended solids presented in the influent water. The obtained results highlighted the need to apply a more efficient and cost-effective technology to remove the pesticide in the drinking water treatment process. Keywords: biological activated carbon; drinking water treatment; nitrifying expanded-bed filter; pesticide removal.

INVESTIGATION OF COCONUT SHELLS ACTIVATED CARBON AS THE COST EFFECTIVE ABSORBENT IN DRINKING WATER FILTER

2013 ◽  
Vol 77 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suria Mohd Samdin ◽  
Lim Hooi Peng ◽  
Maryati Marzuki
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Detectable Level ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
The Cost

Utilization of activated carbon for organic contaminant removal from drinking water is commonly practiced in point-of-use (PUO) water applications in Malaysia. Public health concerns and demands on water purity with the stated goal in Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of improving access to safe drinking water by halve ahead of the 2015 has prompted the need to feasible conversion and sustainable solutions. This study investigated the efficiency of activated carbon from coconut shells as the potential cost effective absorbent material in drinking water filter due to its nature of greater micro-pores, inexpensive and abundantly available over other agricultural by-products. Activation of the coconut shell carbon was first carried out by carbonization in the exposure to nitrogen (N2) atmosphere followed by heating with the activating agents for a specific retention period. pH test and dynamic testing of filtered water were conducted using the protocol established by ANSI/NSF Standard 53 (Health Effects of Water Treatment System). The pH value was indicated to increase proportionally to the level of filtering, which has achieved a constant value of 6.41 after eight times of filtering. Additionally, the activated carbon has removed Methyl Tertiary-butyl Ether (MTBE) to non-detectable level, which is less than 1 part per billion (ppb). The non-detectable level has sufficiently reduced the odour and taste problems. Therefore, activated carbon from coconut shells has considerable potential as the cost effective absorptive material in a drinking water filter.

scholarly journals Kinetics and Thermodynamics of the Adsorption of Lead (II) on a Activated Carbon from Coconut Shells

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Largitte ◽  
P. Lodewyckx
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Standard Enthalpy ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Activation Parameters ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Standard Entropy ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Coconut Shells

The effect of temperature on the adsorption of lead by an activated carbon from coconut shells is investigated. The pseudo second order equation is applied to the kinetic data obtained at different temperatures in order to determine the adsorption rate constants at these temperatures. Then, the Arrhenius equation is applied to the rate constants to determine the activation energy of the sorption reaction and the pre-exponential factor. By applying the Eyring equation to the rate constants, the standard thermodynamic activation parameters of the sorption reaction can also be calculated. In addition, the isotherms of lead adsorption on the activated carbon from coconut shells, at different temperatures, are determined and fitted by the Langmuir equation. The Van’t Hoff equation is applied to the Langmuir equilibrium constants in order to determine the standard enthalpy of the sorption reaction. The other standard thermodynamic parameters<br />(Gibbs standard enthalpy and standard entropy) are deduced. The isosteric standard sorption enthalpy is also determined by using both the classical approach and an adapted Clausius Clapeyron equation. The results are identical. The value obtained is higher, but more correct than that of Langmuir. On the basis of these<br />thermokinetic parameters, the activated carbon from Coconut shells can be considered as a very efficient carbon for the sorption of lead and its sorption efficiency (rate and quantity) increase with the temperature.

Combination of UV Oxidation with Other Treatment Technologies for the Remediation of Contaminated Water

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Bircher ◽  
W. Lem ◽  
K. M. Simms ◽  
B. W. Dussert
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Integrated Systems ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Air Stripping ◽  
Treatment Train ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Uv Oxidation

AbstractThe use of stand-alone water treatment technologies such as UV/Oxidation, granular activated carbon (GAC), air stripping and sedimentation, has proven to be cost-effective in many cases. However, there are a substantial number of instances where a combination of treatment technologies integrated into a treatment train provides a more economical approach than would be obtained by using only one technology. This paper presents case studies of integrated systems where UV/Oxidation is combined with either GAC, air stripping, or precipitation. The benefits, including improved treatment costs, are described using data from actual installations.

scholarly journals Empowerment Community through the Making of Activated Carbon from Coconut Shells as a Filter in Gravity-Fed Filtering System

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Zidni Ilman Navia ◽  
. Fitriani ◽  
Vivi Mardina
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
The Village ◽  
System Water

The community of Alue Ie Puteh Village is a group of people who live in the coastal areas and has problem with the availability of clean water. The lack of water treatment technology becomes an obstacle for the community in water treatment. The objective of this activity is to provide knowledge or understanding to the community about the utilization of activated carbon from coconut shell as filter media in gravity-fed filtering system. The activity was carried out for 3 months from June–August 2017 and consists of several steps: 1) Socialization; 2) Training; and 3) Monitoring and evaluation. The results show that people in the Village of Alue Ie Puteh have been able to apply technique of producing the activated carbon from coconut shell as filter media in gravity-fed filtering system. Water generated from the filtration process is clearer, odorless, and tasteless.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology for water purification: electrospun nanofibrous membrane in water and wastewater treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Tlili ◽  
Tawfeeq Abdullah Alkanhal
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Distillation

Abstract The need for beneficial innovations in filtration expertise has lead to little consideration of cutting-edge materials, such as nanofiber membranes for water distillation. The presence of organic matter and traces of organics accumulation in wastewater poses a major problem and current technologies such as coagulation/flocculation and chlorine technology are unable to yield satisfying results. The extra volume of sludge generated by these technologies needs further processing and disposal. Nanotechnology has outstanding potential for filtration applications due to its capability to create precise structural controlled materials for such requirements. Electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs) are cutting edge membrane technology that offer substantial high flux and high rejection rates compared to conventional membranes. ENMs present a revolution in water and sewage purification by offering a lightweight, cost-effective, and lower energy consumption process compared with conventional membranes. ENMs possess high porosity, generally approximately 80%, while conventional membranes have 5–35% porosity. Nano-engineered membranes have great potential in water treatment due to their exotic properties. In this connection, electrospinning membranes are emerging as a versatile technique with promising features for water treatment. This work highlights the application of ENM in wastewater treatment and surface modification of nanomembranes in order to address fouling issues and wastewater treatment from Tabuk Sewage Treatment Plant, Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Carbon Nanoparticles as Sources for a Cost-Effective Water Purification Method: A Comprehensive Review

Fluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Ankit Kotia ◽  
Aman Yadav ◽  
Tata Rohit Raj ◽  
Maria Gertrud Keischgens ◽  
Happy Rathore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Purification Methods

As the global population grows, the demand for cost-effective and eco-friendly water purification methods is increasing, which presently is at its peak due to the increase of impurities in water and the increasing awareness of waterborne disease. Carbon-based materials, which includes activated carbon, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), fullerene, and carbon dots, are observed as potential candidates for water treatment. In the present review, developments related to water purification methods using carbon nanomaterials over the last decade are critically summarized, with an emphasis on their thermophysical properties. The fabrication techniques for activated carbon, CNTs, graphene, and graphene oxide are presented, with an emphasis on the properties of carbon materials that allow their usage for water purification. Then, an extensive review of 71 patents dedicated to water purification using carbon materials such as activated carbon and cotton fibers is performed. Subsequently, the more important research studies on water purification using carbon nanomaterials are discussed, showing that CNTs, GO, and rGO are widely used in water treatment processes. The present review critically discusses the recent developments and provides important information on water purification using carbon materials.

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