scholarly journals Carbon Nanoparticles as Sources for a Cost-Effective Water Purification Method: A Comprehensive Review

Fluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Ankit Kotia ◽  
Aman Yadav ◽  
Tata Rohit Raj ◽  
Maria Gertrud Keischgens ◽  
Happy Rathore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Purification Methods

As the global population grows, the demand for cost-effective and eco-friendly water purification methods is increasing, which presently is at its peak due to the increase of impurities in water and the increasing awareness of waterborne disease. Carbon-based materials, which includes activated carbon, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), fullerene, and carbon dots, are observed as potential candidates for water treatment. In the present review, developments related to water purification methods using carbon nanomaterials over the last decade are critically summarized, with an emphasis on their thermophysical properties. The fabrication techniques for activated carbon, CNTs, graphene, and graphene oxide are presented, with an emphasis on the properties of carbon materials that allow their usage for water purification. Then, an extensive review of 71 patents dedicated to water purification using carbon materials such as activated carbon and cotton fibers is performed. Subsequently, the more important research studies on water purification using carbon nanomaterials are discussed, showing that CNTs, GO, and rGO are widely used in water treatment processes. The present review critically discusses the recent developments and provides important information on water purification using carbon materials.

Cost-effective water treatment of polluted surface water by using direct filtration and granular activated carbon filtration

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cromphout ◽  
W. Rougge
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Direct Filtration ◽  
Carbon Filtration ◽  
Effective Water

In Harelbeke a Water Treatment Plant with a capacity of 15,000 m3/day, using Schelde river water has been in operation since April 1995. The treatment process comprises nitrification, dephosphatation by direct filtration, storage into a reservoir, direct filtration, granular activated carbon filtration and disinfection. The design of the three-layer direct filters was based on pilot experiments. The performance of the plant during the five years of operation is discussed. It was found that the removal of atrazin by activated carbon depends on the water temperature.

An effective approach for modifying carbonaceous materials with niobium single sites to improve their catalytic properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (46) ◽  
pp. 19956-19965 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Bozzi ◽  
R. L. Lavall ◽  
T. E. Souza ◽  
M. C. Pereira ◽  
P. P. de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Carbonaceous Materials ◽  
Simple Route ◽  
Catalytically Active

In this paper we show a very simple route for the incorporation of catalytically active niobium species on the surface of carbon materials, such as graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes and activated carbon.

scholarly journals Pesticide removals in the nitrifying expanded-bed filter at drinking water treatment plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Nguyet Thi-Minh Dao ◽  
The-Anh Nguyen ◽  
Viet-Anh Nguyen ◽  
Mitsuharu Terashima ◽  
Hidenari Yasui
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Expanded Bed ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon

The occurrence of pesticides even at low concentrations in drinking water sources might induce potential risks to public health. This study aimed to investigate the removal mechanisms of eight pesticides by the nitrifying expanded-bed filter using biological activated carbon media at the pretreatment of a drinking water plant. The field analysis demonstrated that four pesticides Flutolanil, Buprofezin, Chlorpyrifos, and Fenobucard, were removed at 82%, 55%, 54%, and 52% respectively, while others were not significantly removed. Under controlled laboratory conditions with continuous and batch experiments, the adsorption onto the biological activated carbon media was demonstrated to be the main removal pathway of the pesticides. The contribution of microorganisms to the pesticide removals was rather limited. The pesticide removals observed in the field reactor was speculated to be the adsorption on the suspended solids presented in the influent water. The obtained results highlighted the need to apply a more efficient and cost-effective technology to remove the pesticide in the drinking water treatment process. Keywords: biological activated carbon; drinking water treatment; nitrifying expanded-bed filter; pesticide removal.

scholarly journals Nanomaterials Based Drinking Water Purification: Comparative Study with a Conventional Water Purification Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barış Şimşek ◽  
İnci Sevgili ◽  
Özge Bildi Ceran ◽  
Haluk Korucu ◽  
Osman Nuri Şara
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Solid Liquid

One of the ways of fully securing the presence of fresh water is water treatment process. Nanomaterials and nanotechnology offers an innovative solution for water treatment. In this study, physical, chemical and microbiological improvement rates of raw water were analyzed after filtration with graphene oxide. Graphene oxide's water treatment performance; silver nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles & graphene oxide composites that are commonly used in water treatment were compared with a traditional treatment method. When compared to the traditional method, there were improvements of 50 %, 40.7 %, 86.8 % and 45.5 % for color, TIC, TOC and hardness properties, respectively in water treatment by GO-based filtration with solid liquid ratio of 0.7 % (v/v). In water treatment with GO-Ag based filtration, 39.8 %, 69.8 %, 10.3 % and 28.6 % of improvements were obtained for TIC, TOC, hardness and LSI value compared to the conventional method. Both GO at 0.7 % (v/v) solid-liquid ratio and GO-Ag nanocomposites were successful in the number of total viable microorganisms and inhibiting microorganisms such as Escherichia coli fecal (gaita-infected), Salmonella typhi, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomona aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Among the studied parameters GO-Ag nanocomposites found to be the most suitable for drinking water treatment.

scholarly journals MANUFACTURING OF ACTIVATED CARBON USING DISPOSABLE COCONUT SHELLS FOR CATALYTIC ACTIVITIES AND WATER TREATMENT UTILIZATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Suresh Aluvihara ◽  
C.S. Kalpage ◽  
P.W.S.K. Bandaranayake
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
Black Color

Activated carbon is a black color solid compound which is fabricated using naturally occurring materials such as woods and species of coal that composed of the majority in carbon. The activated carbon is highly remarkable compound in the catalytic activities in most of chemical industries and water treatment activities because of the significant performances of such activated carbon due to the sufficiency of the surface property which is called as the adsorption with the couple of high porosity. The manufacturing of activated carbon from disposable coconut shells and the investigations of the physic-chemical characteristics of such activated carbon were the expectances of the existing research. Domestically collected coconut shells were burnt in the range of different temperatures 390°C–300°C after removing unnecessary constituents. The chemical composition of the powdered activated carbon was inspected using an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrophotometer and the surfaces of prepared activated carbon were examined using an optical microscope. As the outcomes of the above experiments, it seems that the most adequate burning temperature for the manufacturing of that batch of coconut shells was in the range of 330°C–350°C, 68.85% of ferrous and 31.15% of potassium as the composed metallic element apart from the non metallic carbon and the pure black color non- composite surfaces were observed under the microscopic studies. It is encouraged to develop this production using cost effective materials such as the shells of fesults which are belonging to the palm cast while utilizing the productions through the various applications in chemical industries

scholarly journals Carbon nanomaterials for supercapacitors: two electrode scheme

2021 ◽  
Vol 340 ◽  
pp. 01035
Author(s):  
Maxim V. Popov ◽  
Alexander G. Bannov ◽  
Stepan I. Yusin
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Expanded Graphite ◽  
Thermally Expanded Graphite ◽  
Rice Hulls ◽  
Texture Characteristics ◽  
Electrodes For Supercapacitors

In this paper, the electrochemical and texture characteristics of electrode materials made of a number of promising carbon materials for supercapacitors were considered. Carbon nanofibers, thermally expanded graphite, and activated carbon derived from rice hulls were used as electrodes for supercapacitors. The paper presents a technique of synthesis of these electrode materials. A comparison of the capacitive characteristics of the electrodes using two-electrode scheme was carried out.

scholarly journals Novel banana peel/graphene oxide derived biosorbent for water purification

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-82
Author(s):  
Rong Wu ◽  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Aman Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Clean Contaminated

More than 100 million tons of banana peels are produced annually, and about 40 million banana peels (40% of total weight) remain greatly unused. Hence, exploring banana peels’ ability to clean contaminated water would bring an additional value to the current “waste” product. One of the most common aspects of water pollution currently is heavy metal contamination, which is particularly dangerous for humans due to its high toxicity. Banana peels contain a high concentration of carbohydrates, the two most abundant being cellulose and starch, which has multiple hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups. Banana peels are an easily available and cost-effective adsorbent that can adsorb different kinds of heavy metal ions. This research primarily focuses on improving the current efficiency of this technique through the development of a banana peel/graphene oxide hybrid adsorbent. The cross-linking graphene oxide possess numerous hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, and epoxide functional groups that can be used to induce chemical reactions with banana peel carbohydrates, providing the graphene oxide with additional functional groups. This modification can potentially increase the adsorption capacity of banana peel derived adsorbents. It is evident through FTIR analysis that banana peel powder and graphene oxide have many functional groups of similar types. Thus, reactions can readily occur to combine the two substances. The TGA analysis of both compounds, however, indicates different patterns of thermal decomposition. Further thermal analysis is required for the hybrid adsorbent. After the development and characterization of this hybrid adsorbent, the next step is to complete a water purification analysis. In the future, banana peel/graphene oxide derived adsorbent may serve as a sustainable and efficient solution for water purification.

Carbon-Based Materials from Borassus flabellifer and their Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 08-12
Author(s):  
C. Thevamirtha ◽  
Sherin Monichan ◽  
P. Mosae Selvakumar
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Nanodots ◽  
Hard Carbon ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Carbon Based

Plant-based carbon materials are a high-demand source nowadays, as they are low-cost, eco-friendly, easily available, and sustainable.  Borassus flabellifer (Palmyra palm) is a gift of nature that gives numerous benefits, as all parts of the tree can be used for multiple purposes. Palmyraculture is the practice of cultivating Palmyra palms and utilizing them to live a self-reliant life in working towards sustainable development. Due to the advancement of technology, Borassus flabellifer is used to synthesize carbon materials, including hard carbon, carbon nanodots, charcoal, and activated carbon.  These carbon materials can be used in electrochemistry as anode materials, biosensing, bioimaging, catalysts, and water purification. This review mainly focuses on the carbon materials derived from the Borassus flabellifer, their applications in various fields, and further aspects that have to be considered.

scholarly journals Adsorptive and Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes, Activated Carbon, and Graphene Oxide with Relatively Similar Specific Surface Area

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Kuśmierek ◽  
Andrzej Świątkowski ◽  
Katarzyna Skrzypczyńska ◽  
Lidia Dąbek
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Organochlorine Compound ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Negative Effect

Three carbon materials with a highly diversified structure and at the same time much less different porosity were selected for the study: single-walled carbon nanotubes, heat-treated activated carbon, and reduced graphene oxide. These materials were used for the adsorption of 2,4-D herbicide from aqueous solutions and in its electroanalytical determination. Both the detection of this type of contamination and its removal from the water are important environmental issues. It is important to identify which properties of carbon materials play a significant role. The specific surface area is the major factor. On the other hand, the presence of oxygen bound to the carbon surface in the case of contact with an organochlorine compound had a negative effect. The observed regularities concerned both adsorption and electroanalysis with the use of the carbon materials applied.

scholarly journals Lemon Juice Assisted Green Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Its Application for Adsorption of Methylene Blue

Technologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Md. Mahiuddin ◽  
Bungo Ochiai
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation

Sustainable synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is of crucial significance within the development of carbon nanomaterials. In this study, a green and eco-friendly strategy for the synthesis of rGO using lemon juice as the reducing agent for graphene oxide (GO) without using toxic and harmful chemicals was demonstrated. The reduction with lemon juice effectively eliminated the oxygen-containing functionalities of GO and regenerated the conjugated systems as confirmed by the UV-vis and FTIR spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction analyses. Microscopic evaluation showed the successful manufacturing of exfoliated and separated few layers of nano-sheets of rGO. The application of the resultant rGO as an adsorbent for organic pollutants was investigated using methylene blue (MB) as a model. The adsorption kinetics of MB on rGO is best matched with the pseudo-second-ordered kinetic model and the Langmuir model with a high adsorption capacity of 132.2 mg/g. The rGO exhibited good reusability with a removal efficiency of 80.4% in the fourth cycle. This green method provides a new prospect for the large-scale production of rGO in a cost-effective and safe manner.

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