scholarly journals Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of HAV and HBV Viruses among Jaundice Patients at Coast General Hospital, Mombasa County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Gordon Ochieng’ Kasera ◽  
John M Maingi ◽  
Omondi Kevin Onyango ◽  
Anthony Kebira Nyamache
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Genotypes ◽  
Two Samples

Background: Hepatitis A and B causes morbidity and mortality among patients. This study determined the proportion of hepatitis A, B viruses (HAV, HBV) and genetic diversity of HBV among jaundice patients at the Coast General Hospital, Mombasa County, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 222 patients; recruited and screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HAV IgM. Viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from positive samples; partial hepatitis B virus-pol (HBV-pol) gene amplified, directly sequenced and generated sequences phylogenetically analysed using MEGA X software. Demographic characteristics were compared in relation to HBV infection using Chi-square. Results: Forty-seven (21.2%) out of the 222 patients tested positive for HBV while no HAV was detected. Among those infected, n = 8 (3.6%) were females and n = 39 (17.6%) males. Forty-five samples amplified and sequenced successfully. However, two samples failed to amplify. Phylogenetic analysis revealed HBV A1 genotype [n = 35 (74.5%)] was most predominant. A3, B and C2 genotypes each occurred [n = 1 (0.02%)]. This study revealed co-existence of HBV A3, B and C2 genotypes that have not yet been detected in this region. Conclusion: HBV A1 genotype remains the predominant genotypes in this region. The detected HBV prevalence indicates possible high transmission with possibility of increasing trends of HBV genotypes based on revelation of existence of new genotypes in this region.

Hepatitis A Seroprevalence Among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran During 2016-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 748-751
Author(s):  
Seyed Ali Dehghan Manshadi ◽  
Neda Alijani ◽  
Mohammadreza Salehi ◽  
Omid Dadras ◽  
SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reasonable Approach ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Prevention Method

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of exposure to hepatitis A by means of serologic markers in chronic hepatitis B patients, with the secondary aim of finding the best prevention method for hepatitis A infection in susceptible groups of our setting. Methods: During the period between 2016 and 2017, we recruited 403 hepatitis B patients aged more than 14 years and regularly attending the infectious diseases clinic at a referral university hospital, Tehran, Iran. A blood sample was collected from all the patients and tested for hepatitis A IgG. The data was analyzed by SPSS v.19. Results: Although none of the patients had previously received hepatitis A vaccine, the results for serologic level of hepatitis A IgG, demonstrated positive results in 379 (94%) cases. The mean age of patients with negative and positive IgG was 29.17 and 42.46 years, respectively; the difference was statistically significant (P≤0.001). The majority of seronegative patients were young adults aged < 25 years and 25 to 35 years (P <0.001). Conclusion: Seroprevalence of hepatitis A in chronic HBV patients in Iran is high. As HBV infected patients younger than 35 years could be seronagative for HAV infection, evaluation of these patients for HAV infection and vaccination of seronegative patients would be a reasonable approach.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus transmission among children in Enugu, Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
ND Uleanya ◽  
EO Obidike
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus

Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection has reached pandemic proportions all over the world with areas of highest prevalence being the sub- Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Most deaths related to HBV are due to complications from chronic infection. Acquisition of infection at a younger age is the most important predictor of chronicity. Eradication of HBV is an important but difficult tasks facing public health. HB immunization is the single most important factor in hepatitis B control and was commenced in 2004 in Nigeria.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among children in the era of HB immunization, the risk factors of transmission and knowledge of mothers about their HB status.Methods: A cross sectional study carried out on one hundred and forty children aged 18 months to 15 years at the children outpatient clinic (CHOP) of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was determined using Determine Test Kits and a structured interviewer administered questionnaire administered.Results: Six were positive for HBsAg, giving a prevalence rate of 4.3%. HBsAg was least prevalent among children 1-5 years (2%). None of the children ≤ 5 years who received HB vaccination was positive for HBsAg though one child > 5 years who received the vaccine was positive. Sharing of toothbrushes among siblings was found to be a significantly associated risk factor. Only 6.4% of mothers knew their hepatitis B status.Conclusion: There is a gradual fall in the prevalence of HBsAg in our environment due to HB immunization. Sharing of toothbrushes may be a potent means of transmission of HBV infection.Keywords: HBV, Prevalence, Children, Transmission, HB immunization

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis B infection markers in Lebanese children: the need for an expanded programme on immunization

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. NABULSI ◽  
G. F. ARAJ ◽  
I. NUWAYHID ◽  
M. RAMADAN ◽  
M. ARISS
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Lebanon ◽  
Infection Markers

This multi-centre, cross-sectional study was designed to reveal the present status of hepatitis B infection markers among Lebanese children, and provide recommendations regarding childhood immunization policies. A total of 841 children, aged between 6 months and 6·5 years, were enrolled from Lebanon's five districts. Their sera were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core IgG. The overall prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection markers was 0·8 % with increasing age-specific rates from 0 % at 6 months to 1·3 % at > 5 years. There was no statistically significant association between the presence of hepatitis B markers and family characteristics or risk factors for infection. The highest prevalence rates were among children from Beirut suburbs (2·9 %) and South Lebanon (1·6 %). The risk of horizontal transmission of hepatitis B to uninfected children increased substantially after the age of 2 years. An expanded programme on immunization that integrates hepatitis B vaccine during the first year of life is needed.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B co-infection in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at the TC Newman Anti Retroviral Treatment Clinic in Paarl, Western Cape

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanmari King ◽  
Dirk T. Hagemeister
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Clinic

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection in South Africa is estimated to be between 5% and 23%; however, only limited evidence is available. Co-infection increases the risk of chronification of HBV, liver cirrhosis and death.Objective: To assess the HBV and/or HIV co-infection rate amongst the adult antiretroviral treatment cohort at the TC Newman ART Clinic in Paarl, Western Cape.Methods: In a retrospective, cross-sectional study, the routine hepatitis B surface antigen screening results for all adult HIV patients who were started on antiretroviral treatment over a period of 19 months were collected and analysed for gender, CD4 count and age.Results: Amongst the 498 participants (60% female participants), the Hepatitis B surface Antigen positivity rate was 7.6%. Male gender, age between 50 and 59 years and a low CD4 count were correlated with higher rates.Conclusion: Useful insight could be obtained by analysing routine data. The prevalence of almost 8% confirms the need for testing of HIV-positive patients for hepatitis B.Keywords: hepatitis B; prevalence; HIV-infected; adults; co-infection

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension among Assosa town, WesternEthiopia, 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Hypertension, the global first and third risk for mortality and disease burden respectively, is recording an increment in Sub-Saharan Africa countries. This study aimed to identify prevalence and its associated risk factor of Hypertension in the Assosa town. Objective: To identify prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in the study area to increase it’s prevention and control methods. Methods & materials: Institutional based cross sectional study design with quota non-probability sampling technique was conducted among patients visited OPD units ofAssosa General Hospital (AGH) andAssosa Health Center(AHC) fromMarch to June 2018. All outpatients were included. To collect data, pre-tested structured questionnaire and face to face interviews were used. Components ofstatisticalresearch software SPSS version-21 like frequency table, chi-square test of independence & logistic regression was used to enter, analyze, summarize and characterize disease and associated factors data. Result: The study was conducted among 194 participants(152 from AGH and 42 from AHC) with 102 males and 92 females. Prevalence of hypertension among patients visited outpatient units of Assosa General Hospital and Assosa Health Center was 17.5%, and was slightly highest in male than female. Associated factors for hypertension among patients visited OPD units of AGH & AHC were history of hypertension in the family (CI=95% and COR=4.497(1.133-17.844) and being private employee (CI=95% and COR=0.0017(0.001-0.407). Conclusion & recommendation: Prevalence of HTN in the Assosa town, was low and influenced by some risk factors like work status and previousfamily history of hypertension. Even if usual usage ofsalt and using vegetable oil was not associated factor, being private employee were independent factor of HTN. In-depth study is recommended for further investigation. To increase preventative methods of HTN, health education supported by mass media, illustrative posters and anotherstrategies at every government & non government work sector are recommended.

scholarly journals Perception and Practices relating to Hepatitis B Infection among In-school Adolescents in Ogun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Titilayo Olaoye ◽  
Catherine Agbede ◽  
Fredrick Oshiname
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Multi Stage

Objective: This study examined the perception and practices relating to Hepatitis B infection among In-school adolescents in Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods:  A cross-sectional study of 300 in-school adolescents selected by a multi-stage sampling method. Data were elicited using a pretested self-administered questionnaire which included questions relating to respondents' risky practices, and a 35-point Hepatitis B perception scale. Descriptive statistics, as well as Chi-square statistics, were generated using IBM SPSS Version 23, and the significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 14.31 ± 1.73years and slightly over half (51.7%) were females. Less than half (45%) of the adolescents perceived themselves to be susceptible to Hepatitis B infection, while 31% perceived Hepatitis B infection to be a serious disease. Almost half (49%) of the adolescents had unfavorable perceptions. The most common risky practices among the respondents were sharing skin-piercing instruments with their family members (79%) and friends (68.7%). There are significant associations between sex (gender) and risky practices such as the practices of unsafe sex (X2= 9.11; p=0.10); having multiple sexual partners (X2= 12.08; p =0.02); and sharing skin-piercing instruments (X2= 5.52; p=0.01) with more males reporting the above practices than females. Conclusion/Recommendation: To minimize the identified risky practices and unfavorable perception, educational intervention programs aimed at promoting Hepatitis B virus preventive behaviors and increasing the level of perception of vulnerability and seriousness of HBV infection among in-school adolescents should be conducted.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Gleason Score of Indonesian Prostate Cancer Men in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauzan Abdurrahman ◽  
Sri Suryanti ◽  
Aaron T Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Ordinal Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship

The risk of high grade PCa in Asia in relation to BMI had positive or negative effect. The objective of this study is to know the relationship between BMI and Gleason score in Indonesian PCa patients. A cross sectional study was conducted in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. The data were secondary data taken from medical records of prostate adenocarcinoma patients in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. Ordinal data were analyzed using Chi square and correlation using Spearman. All calculation was done using SPSS 24. There were 95 Indonesian PCa patients. 78 patients is in normal BMI range. Of those 41 patients (52.6%) is in high level of Gleason score. 17 patients is in high BMI range. High Gleason score was found in 11 patients (P = 0.362; rs = 0.094). Conclusion, there is no relation between BMI in Indonesian PCa and Gleason score.   Keywords : Prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa); BMI; Gleason score.

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