Seedling Establishment and Grain Yield of Tropical Rice Sown in Puddled Soil

2000 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Yamauchi ◽  
Darryl V. Aragones ◽  
Pablo R. Casayuran ◽  
Pompe C.Sta. Cruz ◽  
Constancio A. Asis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Puddled Soil

Seedling Establishment and Grain Yield of Tropical Rice Sown in Puddled Soil

2000 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Yamauchi ◽  
Darryl V. Aragones ◽  
Pablo R. Casayuran ◽  
Pompe C.Sta. Cruz ◽  
Constancio A. Asis Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Puddled Soil

Relations between yield of wheat, soil factors, and rainfall

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Millington
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Nitrogenous Fertilizer

Data have been collected from wheat plots in long-term rotation experiments on a red-brown earth at Adelaide, South Australia. Measurements were made of the apparent density and total nitrogen status of' the surface soil and of seedling establishment. Variation in grain yield, as well as grain yield response to applied nitrogenous fertilizer, was assessed in relation to these factors both within and between seasons. In particular, soil and plant responses to the amount of rainfall occurring just after sowing hare been examined. It has been shown that there are marked seasonal changes in apparent density associated \ d h the mount of rainfall occurring in the month following sowing. These seasonal changes in apparent density are accompanied by a reduction in seedling establishment and a depression of crop grain yield in years of high post-seeding rainfall. The results suggest that a large part of the reduction in yield in excessively wet seasons on unstable soil.; like the red-brown earth may be ascribed to poor physical conditions of the soil, and not predominantly to the leaching of nitrate.

Weed control in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) using integrated soil applied herbicides and seed hydro-priming pretreatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Vafaei ◽  
Jamshid Razmjoo ◽  
Hassan Karimmojeni
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Growth

Abstract This study explores the effects of the pre-emergence herbicides alachlor (1680; 2400 g ha-1) and trifluralin (720; 1200 g ha-1), the post-emergence herbicides bentazone (360; 480 g ha-1) and haloxyfop (250; 375 g ha-1) and their combinations, along with the effect of seed hydro-priming on weed control, growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Hydropriming reduced the interval from planting to seedling establishment, increased the seedling dry weight and the crop grain yield. Based on grain yield, 720 g ha-1 trifluralin followed by 250+720 g ha-1 holoxyfob + trifluralin, 250 +1680 g ha-1 holoxyfob + alachlor, 2400 g ha-1 alachlor, and 1680 g ha-1 alachlor, all combined with priming, were the best treatments. The results showed that proper combination of pre- and post-emergence herbicides along with seed priming could be used to control the weeds in the sesame and obtain seed yield comparable with weed-free conditions

Presowing nitrogen fertiliser management for aerial-sown rice on puddled soil

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
LM Kealey ◽  
E Humphreys ◽  
AS Black ◽  
WA Muirhead
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
New South ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Available N ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Application Depth ◽  
Puddled Soil

Presowing nitrogen (N) fertiliser management for aerial-sown rice was investigated for 2 soil cultivation methods, conventional cultivation and puddling, in the Coleambally Irrigation Area of New South Wales. Two N sources, urea and anhydrous ammonia (NH3, ColdFlo), were used. Urea was applied at 3 depths (0,7, 17 cm) and NH3 at 2 depths (7, 17 cm). These 5 treatments were compared with an unfertilised control and with a novel method of applying NH3 in the same operation as puddling. Urea was applied at 60 kg N/ha; the application rate of NH3 appeared to be higher than the intended rate of 60 kg N/ha. The site was responsive to N: agronomic efficiency of the urea-fertilised treatments averaged 39 kg grain yield increase/kg applied N. Dry matter yield, N uptake, and grain yield were similar on conventionally cultivated and puddled soil. There were no significant interactions between cultivation and N treatments in their effects on crop growth or N uptake. Application depth of fertiliser also had no significant effect on crop performance. Applying NH3 in the same operation as puddling was as effective as other methods of applying N, with the advantage of allowing soil preparation and fertiliser application to be completed in 1 pass. Urea labelled with 15N was applied at depths of 0, 5, and 15 cm to microplots at a rate of 60 kg N/ha. Recoveries of 15N in plants and soil were similar for both methods of soil cultivation and for different N application depths, consistent with results from the large plots described above. There was no interaction between soil cultivation and urea application depth treatments. Recovery of applied 14N averaged 32% in the plant shoots and 24% in the top 30 cm of the soil. Recoveries of 15N from presowing urea application have not previously been reported for aerial-sown rice in New South Wales. The results suggest that puddling can be readily integrated into the rice management system without changing current fertiliser practices. However, soil N uptake was very high, accounting for around 90% of the plant N uptake in the urea-fertilised treatments. Therefore, extrapolation of the results of the treatment comparisons to other sites with lower available N should only be done with caution.

Effect of sulphur, sulphuric acid and gypsum on the yield of rice on the Cununurra soils of the Ord Irrigation Area, Western Australia

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (107) ◽  
pp. 724 ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Flooded Soil ◽  
Irrigation Area

A field experiment was conducted at Kimberley Research Station near Kununurra, Western Australia, to compare elemental sulphur, sulphuric acid and gypsum as soil ameliorants for drill-sown rice on the Cununurra clay of the Ord Irrigation Area. The application of sulphur (0.5-4 t ha-1) and concentrated sulphuric acid (800-1 600 1 ha-1) to Cununurra clay temporarily decreased soil pH, improved seedling establishment and increased the mean grain yield of Bluebonnet 50 and IR661-1-170-1-3 rice from 4.27 to 5.32 t ha-1. Plant growth during the first 6 weeks was better and the transient iron chlorosis, which often develops after permanent flooding, was largely eliminated. Gypsum (1-4 t ha-1) had no significant effect on soil pH, seedling establishment, early growth or grain yield. Mean pH of the flooded soil (0-5 cm) one month after permanent flooding was 6.60, 6.56, 6.07 and 5.52 in the untreatad, gypsum, sulphur and sulphuric acid plots, respectively. Mean grain yield increased linearly as the pH of the flooded soil (0-5 cm) one month after permanent flooding decreased over the range of 6.5-5.5. The pH values of air dried soil samples takgn at 3, 6, 9 and 11 weeks after sowing and determined at the saturation moisture content fell by 0.5 to 2 units after the addition of sulphur and sulphuric acid. The decrease in pH at 3 weeks after the application of 800 l ha-1 sulphuric acid was five times greater than that due to an equivalent amount of elemsntal sulphur, but the effect of the acid was short-lived. Calcium and magnesium concentrations in the saturation extracts of the air-dried soil samples taken at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing were increased by the application of sulphur and gypsum. All ameliorants increased the nitrogen concentration in the plant tops at 3 weeks after sowing but only sulphur and sulphuric acid increased phosphorus, potassium, manganese, zinc or iron concentrations at one or more sampling dates.

scholarly journals MULCHING AND WEED MANAGEMENT EFFECTS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) TRANSPLANTED IN NON-PUDDLED SOIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mobarak Hossain ◽  
Mahfuza Begum ◽  
Abul Hashem ◽  
Md. Moshiur Rahman ◽  
Richard W. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Puddled Soil

Labour shortage is pushing the smallholder farms to seek for labour saving strategies for planting and weed control. With this point of view, this study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of mulching from previous crop relative to herbicides and hand weeding on weed control and grain yield of rice transplanted in non-puddled soil after mustard in the northern Bangladesh during January to May in 2014 and 2015. Rice cv. BRRI dhan28 was transplanted with a combination of six weed control practices [Conventional tillage (CT)+3 hand weeding (HW) (Control); Glyphosate (Gly)+strip tillage (ST)+1HW; Gly+ST+pre-emergence (PE) herbicide (pendimethalin); Gly+ST+post-emergence (PO) herbicide (Ethoxysulfuron-ethyl); Gly+ST+PE+PO; and Gly+ST+weed-free (WF)], and two levels mulch of previous mustard [M0: no mulch and M50: 50% mulch (875 kg ha-1). Over the two years, CT produced 30% higher weed density and 40% higher weed biomass than ST. Spraying herbicides at PE followed by at PO in ST reduced weed density by 45% and weed biomass by 70%. Retention of 50% mulch reduced weed density by 20% and biomass by 34%. The combination of applied glyphosate, ST, followed by sequential application of PE and PO herbicides and the retention of 50% mulch achieved the highest weed control efficacy. Furthermore, this practice produced the 12% higher yield and 47% higher economic returns relative to manual weed control in conventional tillage. These results demonstrate the value of mulch integrated with pre-plant, PE and PO herbicides in controlling weeds and improving grain yield and return of rice transplanted in a non-puddled soil.

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen Level during Seed Production on Wheat Seed Vigor and Seedling Establishment at the Transcriptome Level

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daxing Wen ◽  
Haicheng Xu ◽  
Liuyong Xie ◽  
Mingrong He ◽  
Hongcun Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Nutrient Mobilization ◽  
Transcriptome Level

Nitrogen fertilizer is a critical determinant of grain yield and seed quality in wheat. However, the mechanism of nitrogen level during seed production affecting wheat seed vigor and seedling establishment at the transcriptome level remains unknown. Here, we report that wheat seeds produced under different nitrogen levels (N0, N168, N240, and N300) showed significant differences in seed vigor and seedling establishment. In grain yield and seed vigor, N0 and N240 treatments showed the minimum and maximum, respectively. Subsequently, we used RNA-seq to analyze the transcriptomes of seeds and seedlings under N0 and N240 at the early stage of seedling establishment. Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis revealed that dioxygenase-activity-related genes were dramatically upregulated in faster growing seedlings. Among these genes, the top three involved linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase (Traes_2DL_D4BCDAA76, Traes_2DL_CE85DC5C0, and Traes_2DL_B5B62EE11). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that pathways involved in nutrient mobilization and the antioxidant system showed enhanced expression under N240. Moreover, seeds with faster growing seedlings had a higher gene expression level of α-amylase, which was consistent with α-amylase activity. Taken together, we propose a model for seedling establishment and seed vigor in response to nitrogen level during seed production.

Effect of Sunflower Residues and Herbicide on Weed Suppression, Grain Yield and Economics of Transplanted Aman Rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
SS Tanu ◽  
P Biswas ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
SC Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Environmentally Sound

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Field Laboratory, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali from July 2018 to November 2018 to evaluate the effect of sunflower residues and herbicides on the yield and economic performance of transplanted Aman rice. Weed control methods tested were T1 = weedy check (Unweeded control), T2 = Weed-free check by hand weeding twice, T3 = Pendimethalin, T4 = Pretilachlor, T5 = Butachlor, T6 = Pyrazosulfuron ethyl, T7 = Bensulfuron methyl + Acetachlor, T8 = Bispyriback sodium, T9 = 2,4-D amine, T10 = MCPA, T11 = Sunflower residues, T12 = Sunflower residues + 100% Pyrazosulfuron ethyl, T13 = Sunflower residues + 75% Pyrazosulfuron ethyl, T14 = Sunflower residues + 50% Pyrazosulfuron ethyl. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with fourteen treatments replicated thrice. Weedy check registered significantly the highest total weed density (354.67 m-2) and total weed dry matter (51.81 g-2) while weed-free treatment by hand weeding twice recorded significantly the lowest total weed density (6.67 m-2) and total weed dry matter 0.49 g-2) . Weedy check produced the highest weed index (34.24%) and hand weeding produced the lowest. Among different herbicides applied alone, butachlor had the lowest total weed density (15 m-2) and total weed dry matter (6.43 g-2) after hand weeding. Hand weeding recorded the highest grain yield (5.14 t ha-1) which was statistically similar to pendimethalin, pretilachlor, butachlor, bensulfuron methyl + acetachlor and sunflower residues + 100% pyrazosulfuron ethyl. Higher grain yield was attributed to a higher number of panicle m-2, number of filled grains panicle-1 and 1000-grain weight. The highest gross margin (22955 Tk. ha-1) and benefit-cost ratio (1.32) were obtained from butachlor. Integration of sunflower residues with pyrazosulfuron ethyl produced effective weed suppression and satisfactory yield comparable to butachlor. Although the integration is less profitable than butachlor the farmers can use this technology as a feasible and environmentally sound approach in transplanted Aman rice field. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(1): 47-58

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