127 Porcine in vitro digestibility of whole stillage predigested with multi-enzyme during different time periods

Abstract A study was conducted to determine the effects of the period of predigesting whole stillage (WS; slurry material that is dried into DDGS) with multi-enzyme and composition of the multi-enzyme on porcine in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM) of the WS. Four samples of whole stillage from 4 different sources were freeze-dried and divided into 13 subsamples to give 52 sub-samples. Thirteen treatments were applied to the 48 sub-samples within source. The treatments were undigested WS (control); or pre-digested with 1 of 3 multi-enzymes (MTE1, MTE2, and MTE3) at 55 °C for 6, 12, 18 or 24 h in 3 × 4 factorial arrangement. The MTE1 contained xylanase, β-glucanase, cellulase, mannanase, protease, and amylase; MTE2 contained xylanase, α-galactosidase, and cellulase; and MTE3 contained xylanase, cellulase, β-glucanase, and mannanase. The 52 subsamples were subjected to porcine in vitro digestion. The IVDDM of untreated WS was 73.3%. The IVDDM increased (P< 0.05) with an increase in the predigestion period. However, a rise in the predigestion period from 0 to 12 h resulted in greater (P< 0.05) response in mean IVDDM than an increment in the predigestion period from 12 to 24 h (11 vs. 0.83 percentage points). Predigestion period and multi-enzyme type interacted on IVDDM such that the improvement in IVDDM between 0 and 12 hours of predigestion differed (P< 0.05) among the 3 multi-enzyme types (13.3, 11.1, and 8.5 percentage points for MTE3, MTE2, and MTE1, respectively). The LS means by multi-enzyme treatment were modeled and resulted in unparallel curves (P< 0.05). The estimated maximum response of IVDDM for MTE1, MTE2 and MTE 3 were 82.4%, 84.7% and 87.1% at 15.8, 13 and 13.1 hours, respectively. In conclusion, the optimal time of predigestion of WS with multi-enzymes (with regard to improvement in its IVDDM) was approximately 14 h.

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126 Porcine in vitro digestion and fermentation characteristics of heat and multi-enzyme pretreated whole stillage

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 50-50

Author(s):

Kevin S Jerez Bogota ◽

Tofuko A Woyengo

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Gas Production ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Heat Pretreatment ◽

Percentage Points ◽

Whole Stillage ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Different Sources

Abstract Effects of heat pretreatment (HT) and multi-enzyme predigestion (MP) of whole stillage on porcine in vitro digestibility of DM (IVDDM) and fermentation characteristics of WS were investigated. Four WS samples were obtained from 4 different sources. Half amount of WS from each source was pretreated at 70psi and 160°C for 20 min. Untreated and pretreated WS samples from each source were divided into 4 sub-samples (4 sub-samples of untreated WS per source and 4 sub-samples of pretreated WS per source) to give 32 sub-samples. Four treatments were applied to 32 sub-samples WS (1 untreated or 1 pretreated sub-sample per treatment per sample source). The treatments were WS undigested or pre-digested with 1 of 3 multi-enzymes (MTE1, MTE2, and MTE3). The MTE1 contained xylanase, β-glucanase, cellulase, mannanase, protease, and amylase; MTE2 contained xylanase, α-galactosidase, and celullase; and MTE3 contained xylanase, cellulase, β-glucanase, and mannanase. The 32 sub-samples were subjected to porcine in vitro digestion in 3 cycles of 2 batches (16 sub-samples/batch). Subsequently, residues were subjected to porcine in vitro fermentation for 72 hours, during which accumulated gas production was recorded and modeled to estimate kinetics of gas production. The IVDDM of untreated WS was 73.4%. HT improved (P< 0.05) of WS IVDMM by 8.2 percentage points. MP improved IVDDM of untreated WS and heat-pretreated WS by a means 9.1 and 6.8 percentage points, respectively. However, the magnitude of improvement in IVDDM of pretreated WS due to predigestion was lower (P< 0.05) for MTE3 than that for MTE2 (4.8 vs. 9.0 percentage points), but similar to that for MTE1 (6.7 percentage points). Similar interactions were observed for total gas production. In conclusion, the digestibility of WS was improved by the HT and MP. Combination of HT and MTE2 predigestion was the most effective in improving digestibility of WS.

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Relationship between intake of silage and its chemical composition and in vitro digestibility

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9720025 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 25 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

DC Brown ◽

JC Radcliffe

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Matter Content ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Lactic Acids

Twenty experimental silages were made from seven pasture species at different stages of maturity. In vivo dry matter, organic matter, and energy ad libitum intakes and digestibilities of the silages were determined with standardized pairs of Merino wethers. The following chemical characteristics of the silages were measured: nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total titratable acids, acetic, propionic, butyric, and lactic acids, total volatiles lost during oven drying, lactic acid as a percentage of the total organic acids, pH, acid pepsin dry matter disappearance, dry matter content, and in vitro digestibility and rate of digestion. When all 20 silages were considered, energy intakes on a body weight basis were significantly related to silage pH (r = 0.55) and rate of in vitro digestion (r = 0.58). When the five legume silages were removed from the analysis and only the 15 grass-dominant silages were considered, dry matter intakes were significantly related to acetic (r = –0.57) and propionic acid (r = –0.55) concentrations. Multiple regression analyses did not significantly increase the accuracy of predicting intake. The results suggested that silage intake was negatively related to the degree of fermentation that occurred during the ensiling process.

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A comparison of guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and sheep forestomach liquors as inocula for in vitro digestibility determinations

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s030822960003350x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 137-137

Author(s):

M.D. Fraser ◽

D. Wadwah ◽

D.H. Baker

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Digestive System ◽

Microbial Population ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Lama Guanicoe ◽

Ruminant Species ◽

Different Sources

Although camelids are not taxonomically classified as ruminants, they are functional ruminants. Their digestive system includes a compartmentalised forestomach with a microbial population, and they have apparently evolved the same general characteristics of regurgitation and remastication of food. In vitro digestibility results for camelid diets produced using feeds and rumen liquor from conventional ruminants have been reported. However, the assumption that donor liquor from a true ruminant species is a valid substitute for that from a camelid species has not been verified. The aim of this experiment was to compare these different sources of digesta as inocula for in vitro dry matter disappearance (DMD) determinations.

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EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DRY MATTER DETERMINATION METHODS ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF SILAGES

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas73-119 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 753-760 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

R. E. LARSEN ◽

G. M. JONES

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Determination Methods

Dry matter (DM) contents of 13 silages, comprised of 5 corn, 4 legume–grass, and 4 corn–hay crop silage mixtures, were determined by (1) toluene distillation (TD), corrected for volatiles lost into the aqueous distillate; (2) TD, uncorrected; (3) freeze-drying (FD); (4) oven-drying (OD) at 40 C; (5) OD at 65 C; and (6) moisture-tester at 100 C. Corrected TD showed significantly higher (P < 0.01) DM levels compared with other methods. Up to 12.8% loss of DM resulted from heat-drying, depending on the method and the sample. Dried-ground silages were analyzed for nutrient composition. No significant changes in cell-wall constituents or organic matter contents were observed. Silages that were FD were highest in cellulose content (P < 0.05), whereas both FD and OD at 40 C resulted in significant increases in gross energy (P < 0.05) and crude protein (P < 0.01) content compared with other methods. FD or OD at 40 C resulted in the highest dry matter solubility and in vitro digestibility of cellulose, dry matter, and organic matter (P < 0.05). The lowest values for these analyses were obtained with silages heat-dried at 65 and 100 C. Results of these studies suggest that corrected TD should be used for determination of silage DM content and that in vitro analyses or other biochemical determinations should be conducted on silage samples that have been freeze-dried or oven-dried at 40 C.

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Note on in vitro digestion of avocado products for pigs

South African Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4314/sajas.v51i1.16 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

Author(s):

J. Ly ◽

P. Fránquez ◽

G. Rodríguez ◽

C. Lemus ◽

I.A. Dominguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Optimal Production ◽

Additional Protein

In vitro (pepsin/pancreatin) digestibility coefficients of pulp, seed, and peel of avocados of the Creole and Hass varieties were studied according to a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement in which the factors were the variety and parts of the fruit. Creole avocado were heavier in natura than Hass exemplars (310.7 g and 156.8 g), whereas Hass had a greater proportion of pulp than the Creole fruits (76.0% and 64.6%). No significant interactions were observed. In vitro digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and nitrogen (N) were higher for the Creole variety compared with the Hass. In vitro digestibility of N was similar in the pulp and seeds, and higher than in the peels (731, 773, and 550 g/kg-1, respectively). Use of the entire avocado as pig feedstuff would have a lower nutritional value compared with feeding just avocado pulp. Supplementation of a diet based on avocado with additional protein may be needed for optimal production.

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THE DRY MATTER DIGESTION IN VITRO OF FORAGE CROPS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps60-014 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 123-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

K. W. Clark ◽

G. O. Mott

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Control Of Variables ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Significant Difference

An artificial rumen technique was evaluated as a method of determining the dry matter digestion of forages. The digestibility estimates obtained in the spring were significantly correlated (r = 0.77xx) with estimates obtained on these forages from a conventional digestion trial, whereas in the fall the coefficients were low and no longer significantly correlated (r = 0.49) with the conventional trial data.A medium maturing timothy polycross nursery was harvested at 10-day intervals throughout the first growth cycle. With the exception of the April 14th stage there were no significant differences in digestibility between the clones harvested in the early-leaf stage. Significant differences between selections were obtained in digestibility at later stages of maturity which may be a function of the leaf-stem ratio, the amount of leaf firing and thickness of the culms as well as changes in chemical composition. The per cent fructose content of this timothy herbage was significantly correlated (r = 0.78xx) with the dry matter digestibility only at the first stage of cutting.Changes in dry matter digestion using this artificial rumen technique were observed, with digestion estimates being higher during the spring and summer than during fall and winter.The method of drying herbage for these in vitro digestion experiments was studied with the conclusion that there was a significant difference in favour of freeze-drying. The dry matter digestion coefficients of the freeze-dried herbage were comparable to those expected for herbage of such quality digested in vivo.The use of an artificial rumen technique for estimating digestibility of clonal material shows promise for the plant breeder, providing certain precautions are taken. All lines to be screened should be included in a single trial to ensure maximum control of variables associated with technique. Samples should be uniformly processed, preferably freeze-dried, and digested with a single sample of rumen fluid.

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INFLUENCE OF WATER-SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATE AND CRUDE PROTEIN CONTENT ON IN VITRO DIGESTION OF DRY MATTER IN HIGHLY DIGESTIBLE FORAGES

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps72-025 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 151-156

Author(s):

D. M. Bowden

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Cumulative Effect ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Influence Of Water ◽

Water Soluble Carbohydrate

Freeze-dried samples from six series of harvests of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and two series of grass–legume mixtures were generally highly digestible with high levels of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC). When WSC content was held constant, the influence of crude protein (CP) content on dry matter digested in vitro was statistically significant in 6 of the 19 cuts of orchardgrass and 1 of the 15 cuts of grass–legume mixtures. When CP was held constant, the influence of WSC content on dry matter digested in vitro was significant in seven cuts of orchardgrass and seven cuts of grass–legume. CP content had a greater effect than WSC content on dry matter digested in vitro in 10 cuts of orchardgrass and six cuts of grass–legume mixtures. Cumulative effect of CP and WSC content on in vitro dry matter digestion varied between cuts. The potential of CP and WSC content alone or together as predictors of digestibility of the highly digestible forages sampled in this study varied between cuts.

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INTERACTION BETWEEN INOCULUM DONOR DIET AND SUBSTRATE IN IN VITRO RUMINANT DIGESTION STUDIES

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas66-014 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 91-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. E. Knipfel ◽

J. E. Troelsen

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Dry Matter ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Absolute Amount ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Promoting Effect ◽

Digestion Technique ◽

The Difference

Six wethers with rumen fistula were each fed a different combination of alfalfa hay, wheat straw, and barley grain. The same mixtures were fermented for periods of 12 and 48 hours by inoculum from each wether, using a two-stage in vitro digestion technique. The in vitro digestibility of dry matter and organic matter was determined on each treatment combination.The digestibility data revealed interactions among inoculum donor diets, in vitro substrate mixtures, and fermentation periods. When the diet lacked one or more of the substrate components, a 12-hour artificial rumen fermentation resulted in digestibilities that decreased as the composition of the substrate deviated increasingly from that of the donor diet. This effect was eliminated by extending the fermentation period to 48 hours. When all the substrate ingredients were included in the donor diet, the absolute amount of each ingredient, within 10 to 80%, was of less importance.Indications were that alfalfa possessed a specific growth-promoting effect on the microflora.Increasing the proportion of alfalfa in the substrate increased the difference between the in vitro digestibility of dry matter and organic matter. This was suggested to result from a higher concentration of soluble ash in the alfalfa fraction of the mixtures.

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